High levels of flame retardants in vehicle dust indicate
ongoing use of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants
in vehicle interiors

J 2025

High levels of flame retardants in vehicle dust indicate ongoing use of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in vehicle interiors

SVOBODOVÁ, Petra; Simona Rozárka JÍLKOVÁ; Jiří KOHOUTEK; Ondřej AUDY; Petr ŠENK et. al.

Základní údaje

Originální název

High levels of flame retardants in vehicle dust indicate ongoing use of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in vehicle interiors

Autoři

SVOBODOVÁ, Petra (203 Česká republika, domácí); Simona Rozárka JÍLKOVÁ (203 Česká republika, domácí); Jiří KOHOUTEK (203 Česká republika, domácí); Ondřej AUDY (203 Česká republika, domácí); Petr ŠENK (203 Česká republika, domácí) a Lisa Emily MELYMUK (124 Kanada, garant, domácí)

Vydání

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Dordrecht, Springer, 2025, 0167-6369

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Článek v odborném periodiku

Obor

10511 Environmental sciences

Stát vydavatele

Nizozemské království

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Odkazy

URL

Impakt faktor

Impact factor: 2.900 v roce 2023

Organizační jednotka

Přírodovědecká fakulta

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-13822-z

UT WoS

001447742900001

EID Scopus

2-s2.0-105000202425

Klíčová slova anglicky

Dust exposure; Flame retardants; PFAS; Time trends; Cars

Štítky

rivok

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 8. 4. 2025 10:29, Mgr. Michaela Hylsová, Ph.D.

Anotace

V originále

Vehicles are unique indoor environments, with interiors dominated by plastic/synthetic materials and exposure to extremes of temperature and radiation, leading to substantial potential for emissions of plastic additives from vehicle materials and subsequent exposure to drivers and passengers. Flame retardants (FRs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were measured in 30 dust samples collected from dashboards, seats, and trunks of cars of the same make and model (year of manufacture 1996-2021) to evaluate levels in dust and time patterns in additive use across cars of different ages. PFAS were detected in all dust samples at low levels, while FRs were detected in all samples, with some compounds consistently exceeding mu g/g levels, especially tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), substantially higher than in other indoor environments. Although cars were of the same model, large variations were observed in FR concentrations in dust between cars, emphasizing the challenge in generalizing FR exposures from vehicle dust. Concentrations of BDE-209 in vehicle dust did not decrease over the 1996-2021 period, suggesting that restrictions on DecaBDE have had limited impact, likely due to exemptions in regulations for the automotive industry. The high FR levels indicate ongoing use of both organophosphate and brominated FRs in vehicles on the European market, although flammability standards for interior car materials are not mandated by European regulations, and the continued presence of long-restricted FRs suggests the presence of recycled plastics in vehicles; this potential exposure source may be increasing as vehicle producers aim to improve material circularity.

Návaznosti

LM2023069, projekt VaV

Název: Výzkumná infrastruktura RECETOX

Investor: Ministerstvo školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy ČR, Výzkumná infrastruktura RECETOX

Citovat

SVOBODOVÁ, Petra; Simona Rozárka JÍLKOVÁ; Jiří KOHOUTEK; Ondřej AUDY; Petr ŠENK a Lisa Emily MELYMUK. High levels of flame retardants in vehicle dust indicate ongoing use of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in vehicle interiors. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. Dordrecht: Springer, 2025, roč. 197, č. 4, s. 1-17. ISSN 0167-6369. Dostupné z: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-13822-z.

@article{2489797,
   author = {Svobodová, Petra and Jílková, Simona Rozárka and Kohoutek, Jiří and Audy, Ondřej and Šenk, Petr and Melymuk, Lisa Emily},
   article_location = {Dordrecht},
   article_number = {4},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-13822-z},
   keywords = {Dust exposure; Flame retardants; PFAS; Time trends; Cars},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0167-6369},
   journal = {Environmental Monitoring and Assessment},
   title = {High levels of flame retardants in vehicle dust indicate ongoing use of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in vehicle interiors},
   url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-025-13822-z},
   volume = {197},
   year = {2025}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2489797
AU  - Svobodová, Petra - Jílková, Simona Rozárka - Kohoutek, Jiří - Audy, Ondřej - Šenk, Petr - Melymuk, Lisa Emily
PY  - 2025
TI  - High levels of flame retardants in vehicle dust indicate ongoing use of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in vehicle interiors
JF  - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
VL  - 197
IS  - 4
SP  - 1-17
EP  - 1-17
PB  - Springer
SN  - 01676369
KW  - Dust exposure
KW  - Flame retardants
KW  - PFAS
KW  - Time trends
KW  - Cars
UR  - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-025-13822-z
N2  - Vehicles are unique indoor environments, with interiors dominated by plastic/synthetic materials and exposure to extremes of temperature and radiation, leading to substantial potential for emissions of plastic additives from vehicle materials and subsequent exposure to drivers and passengers. Flame retardants (FRs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were measured in 30 dust samples collected from dashboards, seats, and trunks of cars of the same make and model (year of manufacture 1996-2021) to evaluate levels in dust and time patterns in additive use across cars of different ages. PFAS were detected in all dust samples at low levels, while FRs were detected in all samples, with some compounds consistently exceeding mu g/g levels, especially tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), substantially higher than in other indoor environments. Although cars were of the same model, large variations were observed in FR concentrations in dust between cars, emphasizing the challenge in generalizing FR exposures from vehicle dust. Concentrations of BDE-209 in vehicle dust did not decrease over the 1996-2021 period, suggesting that restrictions on DecaBDE have had limited impact, likely due to exemptions in regulations for the automotive industry. The high FR levels indicate ongoing use of both organophosphate and brominated FRs in vehicles on the European market, although flammability standards for interior car materials are not mandated by European regulations, and the continued presence of long-restricted FRs suggests the presence of recycled plastics in vehicles; this potential exposure source may be increasing as vehicle producers aim to improve material circularity.
ER  -

SVOBODOVÁ, Petra; Simona Rozárka JÍLKOVÁ; Jiří KOHOUTEK; Ondřej AUDY; Petr ŠENK a Lisa Emily MELYMUK. High levels of flame retardants in vehicle dust indicate ongoing use of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in vehicle interiors. \textit{Environmental Monitoring and Assessment}. Dordrecht: Springer, 2025, roč.~197, č.~4, s.~1-17. ISSN~0167-6369. Dostupné z: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-13822-z.

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