Characterization of more than three years of in-orbit radiation
damage of SiPMs on GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 CubeSats

J 2025

Characterization of more than three years of in-orbit radiation damage of SiPMs on GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 CubeSats

ŘÍPA, Jakub; Marianna DAFČÍKOVÁ; Pavel KOSÍK; Filip MÜNZ; Masanori OHNO et. al.

Základní údaje

Originální název

Characterization of more than three years of in-orbit radiation damage of SiPMs on GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 CubeSats

Autoři

ŘÍPA, Jakub (203 Česká republika, garant, domácí); Marianna DAFČÍKOVÁ (703 Slovensko, domácí); Pavel KOSÍK (203 Česká republika, domácí); Filip MÜNZ (203 Česká republika, domácí); Masanori OHNO; Gábor GALGÓCZI; Norbert WERNER (703 Slovensko, domácí); András PÁL; László MÉSZÁROS; Balázs CSÁK; Yasushi FUKAZAWA; Hiromitsu TAKAHASHI; Tsunefumi MIZUNO; Kazuhiro NAKAZAWA; Hirokazu ODAKA; Yuto ICHINOHE; Jakub KAPUŠ; Jan HUDEC; Marcel FRAJT; Maksim REZENOV; Vladimír DÁNIEL; Petr SVOBODA; Juraj DUDÁŠ; Martin SABOL; Róbert LÁSZLÓ; Martin KOLEDA; Michaela ĎURÍŠKOVÁ (703 Slovensko, domácí); Lea SZAKSZONOVÁ (703 Slovensko, domácí); Martin KOLÁŘ (203 Česká republika, domácí); Nikola HUSÁRIKOVÁ (703 Slovensko, domácí); Jean-Paul Bernhard RIFFALD SOUZA BREUER (76 Brazílie, domácí); Filip HROCH (203 Česká republika, domácí); Tomáš VÍTEK (203 Česká republika, domácí); Ivo VEŘTÁT; Tomáš URBANEC; Aleš POVALAČ; Miroslav KASAL; Peter HANÁK; Miroslav ŠMELKO; Martin TOPINKA; Hsiang-Kuang CHANG; Tsung-Che LIU; Chih-Hsun LIN; Chin-Ping HU a Che-Chih TSAO

Vydání

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Elsevier B.V. 2025, 0168-9002

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Článek v odborném periodiku

Obor

10308 Astronomy

Stát vydavatele

Nizozemské království

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Odkazy

URL

Impakt faktor

Impact factor: 1.500 v roce 2023

Organizační jednotka

Přírodovědecká fakulta

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.170513

UT WoS

001475182700001

EID Scopus

2-s2.0-105002585410

Klíčová slova anglicky

SiPM; MPPC; Radiation damage; Space environment; LEO; CubeSat

Štítky

rivok

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 9. 5. 2025 10:36, Mgr. Marie Novosadová Šípková, DiS.

Anotace

V originále

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are prone to radiation damage which causes an increase of dark count rate. This leads to an increase in low-energy threshold in a gamma-ray detector combining SiPM and a scintillator. Despite this drawback, they are becoming preferred for scintillator-based gamma-ray detectors on CubeSats due to their low operation voltage, small size, linear response to low light intensity and fast response. This increasing popularity of SiPMs among new spaceborne missions makes it important to characterize their long-term performance in the space environment. In this work, we report the change of the dark count rate and low-energy threshold of S13360-3050 PE multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs) by Hamamatsu, using measurements acquired by the GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 CubeSats at low Earth orbit (LEO) spanning over three years. Such a long measurement of the performance of MPPCs in space has not been published before. GRBAlpha is a 1U CubeSat launched on March 22, 2021, to a 550 km altitude sun-synchronous polar orbit (SSO) carrying on board a gamma-ray detector based on CsI(Tl) scintillator readout by eight MPPCs and regularly detecting gamma-ray transients such as gamma-ray bursts and solar flares in the energy range of ∼ 30−900 keV. VZLUSAT-2 is a 3U CubeSat launched on January 13, 2022 also to a 535 km altitude SSO carrying on board, among other payloads, two gamma-ray detectors similar to the one on GRBAlpha. We have flight-proven the Hamamatsu MPPCs S13360-3050 PE and demonstrated that MPPCs, shielded by 2.5 mm of PbSb alloy, can be used in LEO environment on a scientific mission lasting beyond three years. This manifests the potential of MPPCs being employed in future satellites.

Návaznosti

GC24-11487J, projekt VaV

Název: Společná pozorování gama záblesků malými družicemi

Investor: Grantová agentura ČR, Společná pozorování gama záblesků malými družicemi, Taiwan/MOST

Citovat

ŘÍPA, Jakub; Marianna DAFČÍKOVÁ; Pavel KOSÍK; Filip MÜNZ; Masanori OHNO; Gábor GALGÓCZI; Norbert WERNER; András PÁL; László MÉSZÁROS; Balázs CSÁK; Yasushi FUKAZAWA; Hiromitsu TAKAHASHI; Tsunefumi MIZUNO; Kazuhiro NAKAZAWA; Hirokazu ODAKA; Yuto ICHINOHE; Jakub KAPUŠ; Jan HUDEC; Marcel FRAJT; Maksim REZENOV; Vladimír DÁNIEL; Petr SVOBODA; Juraj DUDÁŠ; Martin SABOL; Róbert LÁSZLÓ; Martin KOLEDA; Michaela ĎURÍŠKOVÁ; Lea SZAKSZONOVÁ; Martin KOLÁŘ; Nikola HUSÁRIKOVÁ; Jean-Paul Bernhard RIFFALD SOUZA BREUER; Filip HROCH; Tomáš VÍTEK; Ivo VEŘTÁT; Tomáš URBANEC; Aleš POVALAČ; Miroslav KASAL; Peter HANÁK; Miroslav ŠMELKO; Martin TOPINKA; Hsiang-Kuang CHANG; Tsung-Che LIU; Chih-Hsun LIN; Chin-Ping HU a Che-Chih TSAO. Characterization of more than three years of in-orbit radiation damage of SiPMs on GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 CubeSats. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. Elsevier B.V., 2025, roč. 1076, July, s. 1-13. ISSN 0168-9002. Dostupné z: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.170513.

@article{2492464,
   author = {Řípa, Jakub and Dafčíková, Marianna and Kosík, Pavel and Münz, Filip and Ohno, Masanori and Galgóczi, Gábor and Werner, Norbert and Pál, András and Mészáros, László and Csák, Balázs and Fukazawa, Yasushi and Takahashi, Hiromitsu and Mizuno, Tsunefumi and Nakazawa, Kazuhiro and Odaka, Hirokazu and Ichinohe, Yuto and Kapuš, Jakub and Hudec, Jan and Frajt, Marcel and Rezenov, Maksim and Dániel, Vladimír and Svoboda, Petr and Dudáš, Juraj and Sabol, Martin and László, Róbert and Koleda, Martin and Ďuríšková, Michaela and Szakszonová, Lea and Kolář, Martin and Husáriková, Nikola and Riffald Souza Breuer, JeanandPaul Bernhard and Hroch, Filip and Vítek, Tomáš and Veřtát, Ivo and Urbanec, Tomáš and Povalač, Aleš and Kasal, Miroslav and Hanák, Peter and Šmelko, Miroslav and Topinka, Martin and Chang, HsiangandKuang and Liu, TsungandChe and Lin, ChihandHsun and Hu, ChinandPing and Tsao, CheandChih},
   article_number = {July},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.170513},
   keywords = {SiPM; MPPC; Radiation damage; Space environment; LEO; CubeSat},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0168-9002},
   journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
   title = {Characterization of more than three years of in-orbit radiation damage of SiPMs on GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 CubeSats},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.170513},
   volume = {1076},
   year = {2025}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2492464
AU  - Řípa, Jakub - Dafčíková, Marianna - Kosík, Pavel - Münz, Filip - Ohno, Masanori - Galgóczi, Gábor - Werner, Norbert - Pál, András - Mészáros, László - Csák, Balázs - Fukazawa, Yasushi - Takahashi, Hiromitsu - Mizuno, Tsunefumi - Nakazawa, Kazuhiro - Odaka, Hirokazu - Ichinohe, Yuto - Kapuš, Jakub - Hudec, Jan - Frajt, Marcel - Rezenov, Maksim - Dániel, Vladimír - Svoboda, Petr - Dudáš, Juraj - Sabol, Martin - László, Róbert - Koleda, Martin - Ďuríšková, Michaela - Szakszonová, Lea - Kolář, Martin - Husáriková, Nikola - Riffald Souza Breuer, Jean-Paul Bernhard - Hroch, Filip - Vítek, Tomáš - Veřtát, Ivo - Urbanec, Tomáš - Povalač, Aleš - Kasal, Miroslav - Hanák, Peter - Šmelko, Miroslav - Topinka, Martin - Chang, Hsiang-Kuang - Liu, Tsung-Che - Lin, Chih-Hsun - Hu, Chin-Ping - Tsao, Che-Chih
PY  - 2025
TI  - Characterization of more than three years of in-orbit radiation damage of SiPMs on GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 CubeSats
JF  - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
VL  - 1076
IS  - July
SP  - 1-13
EP  - 1-13
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
SN  - 01689002
KW  - SiPM
KW  - MPPC
KW  - Radiation damage
KW  - Space environment
KW  - LEO
KW  - CubeSat
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.170513
N2  - Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are prone to radiation damage which causes an increase of dark count rate. This leads to an increase in low-energy threshold in a gamma-ray detector combining SiPM and a scintillator. Despite this drawback, they are becoming preferred for scintillator-based gamma-ray detectors on CubeSats due to their low operation voltage, small size, linear response to low light intensity and fast response. This increasing popularity of SiPMs among new spaceborne missions makes it important to characterize their long-term performance in the space environment. In this work, we report the change of the dark count rate and low-energy threshold of S13360-3050 PE multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs) by Hamamatsu, using measurements acquired by the GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 CubeSats at low Earth orbit (LEO) spanning over three years. Such a long measurement of the performance of MPPCs in space has not been published before. GRBAlpha is a 1U CubeSat launched on March 22, 2021, to a 550 km altitude sun-synchronous polar orbit (SSO) carrying on board a gamma-ray detector based on CsI(Tl) scintillator readout by eight MPPCs and regularly detecting gamma-ray transients such as gamma-ray bursts and solar flares in the energy range of ∼ 30−900 keV. VZLUSAT-2 is a 3U CubeSat launched on January 13, 2022 also to a 535 km altitude SSO carrying on board, among other payloads, two gamma-ray detectors similar to the one on GRBAlpha. We have flight-proven the Hamamatsu MPPCs S13360-3050 PE and demonstrated that MPPCs, shielded by 2.5 mm of PbSb alloy, can be used in LEO environment on a scientific mission lasting beyond three years. This manifests the potential of MPPCs being employed in future satellites.
ER  -

ŘÍPA, Jakub; Marianna DAFČÍKOVÁ; Pavel KOSÍK; Filip MÜNZ; Masanori OHNO; Gábor GALGÓCZI; Norbert WERNER; András PÁL; László MÉSZÁROS; Balázs CSÁK; Yasushi FUKAZAWA; Hiromitsu TAKAHASHI; Tsunefumi MIZUNO; Kazuhiro NAKAZAWA; Hirokazu ODAKA; Yuto ICHINOHE; Jakub KAPUŠ; Jan HUDEC; Marcel FRAJT; Maksim REZENOV; Vladimír DÁNIEL; Petr SVOBODA; Juraj DUDÁŠ; Martin SABOL; Róbert LÁSZLÓ; Martin KOLEDA; Michaela ĎURÍŠKOVÁ; Lea SZAKSZONOVÁ; Martin KOLÁŘ; Nikola HUSÁRIKOVÁ; Jean-Paul Bernhard RIFFALD SOUZA BREUER; Filip HROCH; Tomáš VÍTEK; Ivo VEŘTÁT; Tomáš URBANEC; Aleš POVALAČ; Miroslav KASAL; Peter HANÁK; Miroslav ŠMELKO; Martin TOPINKA; Hsiang-Kuang CHANG; Tsung-Che LIU; Chih-Hsun LIN; Chin-Ping HU a Che-Chih TSAO. Characterization of more than three years of in-orbit radiation damage of SiPMs on GRBAlpha and VZLUSAT-2 CubeSats. \textit{Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment}. Elsevier B.V., 2025, roč.~1076, July, s.~1-13. ISSN~0168-9002. Dostupné z: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2025.170513.

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