The reported study is part of an international project on language and social representations of responsibilities and entitlements. It was designed to investigate the importance and meaning of responsibility as an important attribute of well-being of the individual. We analyzed data of respondents from the Czech Republic and Scotland. Both these countries represent developed European industrial societies, however, each of them has different history and specific cultural background. Furthermore, we study individual well-being and responsibility from developmental point of view. We supose, že importance and meaning of responsibility se může výrazněji měnit v souvislosti se změnou statusu z adolescenta na dospělého. The total sample included 200 Czechs and 196 Scots. Both national samples were selected from two age-groups, 16-18 and 19-21 years old, 50 % of males and 50 % of females in each sample. Different aspects of responsibility (self-responsibility, responsibility for others, commitment, legal responsibility) were among 34 terms, which were evaluated with respect to well-being of the individual. Respondents were asked to indicate their importance. At first, the subjective importance of different aspects of responsibility is compared. There were found multivariate significant effects of culture and interaction of age and culture. In particular, it means that the significance of commitments, self-responsibility and responsibility to others grows among Scots with age; however, this trend is not evident among Czechs. Secondly, we looked for specific relations between responsibility and other concepts under examination. Here, too, considerable differences between the two countries were found.