This contribution focuses on primary education. The aim is to compare Czech and foreign approaches towards physical education and health education. The starting point is an international comparison of 35 coutries from all over the world. The content analysis of the comparative study shows that physical education and health education are confirmed in the curriculum among majority of countries, but there are different ideational alternatives. The most of the countries declare the physical education as "health oriented" and the health education becomes a part of physical education drafted this way. However, other countries define health education as an independent field of study as well as independent subject area. The curriculum conception of physical education and health education in the Czech Republic is in accord with modern foreign trends.