The goal of the article is to give a basic overview of the development of political mobilization in the Czech Republic after the fall of communism. The paper first outlines its approach to the study of political mobilization. It is seen as a two-dimensional concept referring to both organized professional activism and individual engagement of ordinary citizens. Subsequently, the text provides empirical data on these two aspects of mobilization in the Czech Republic. The first section of the study focuses on the analysis of the conditions for organized forms of political activism in the post-communist period. Also, it differentiates among different types of political and social activism in the Czech Republic. The second section of the paper deals with political and civic engagement of the Czech population. First, it explores the aggregate level data on various types of political and social activities. Second, it presents figures summarizing the amount of activities per individual respondent. Third, the articled compares the Czech Republic to three selected older European democracies.