e Czech Republic asaryk University, Czech Hydrometeorologica Institute- Natural and hydrological extremes in the Czech Republic Floods in the Czech Republic - ■ Peak Discharges Analysis in the Upper Dyje Catchment, Station Podhradí nad Dyjí (mean annual runoff distribution, frequency, chronology, seasonality, extremity) Peak Discharges Analysis in the Upper Svratka Catchment, Station Borovnice (frequency, chronology, seasonality, extremity) Conclusion Area: 78,866 km2 Population : 10.3 million (2007) The lowest point: 115 m a.s.l. Build-up areas : 2% The highest poit: 1,602 m a.s.l. Agricultural land : 54% Mean temperature : 7.5 0 C Forest land : 33% Mean precipitation total : 668 mm Water area : 2% 12' 13' 14* 15* 16' 17* 18* 19" 20' 13" 16' 17' 16' 19' 20' Borders : Germany, Poland, Austria, Slovakia Population density : 130 inhabitants / km2 Capital: Prague (1.2 million inhabitants) Specific runoff: q=6,l l.s^.knr2, runoff coefficient: cp=28.8 % CATCHMENTS Labe River Catchment: 63%, Morava River Catchment: 27%, Odra River Catchment: 9% of Czechia's territory, total length of all watercourses :76,000 km, drainage density : 0.96 km.km-2 MASARYK UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE £*m m m m JI r. RESEARCH e city ofWnTWs thRSBCond largest cSTJTOW education in the Czech Republic, Masaryk University is the second largest university (about 36,000 students in 2007): www.muni.cz Faculty of Science, Department of Geography - My doctoral studies started in 2007 - physical geography EDUCATION : http://www.geogr.muni.cz/en/studium/ ■ Bachelor study - geography, cartography, applied geography, teaching geography Master study - physical geography, regional * geography, cartography and geoinformatics, teaching geography H Doctoral study - physical geography, regional geography, cartography and geoinformatics <£>. CZECH HYDROM OLOGICA CHMI BASIC PURPOSE : —" ■ carry out the function of the Czech Republic's governmental institution for the fields of hydrology, meteorology, climatology and air quality ■ monitoring, acquisition, processing of hydrometeorological data www.chmi.cz ■ DIVISION OF HYDROLOGY ■ providing specialist services to state administration ^serving as centre of the Flood Forecasting Service producing of standard hydrological data Qa=308 m3.s-1, 51,394 km2,1=379 km, q=6 Ls^.km 2 Odra River J Draina Q,,149 m3.s \ \5J^ Mo7ava River Qa=120m3.s', A-28,098 km2,1-440 km a=23,580 km2,1=358 km - tributary of Danube River q=5.3 l.s^.km2 q=4.5 Ls^km2 CA LCtni.imwsi ■ Impacts of climate change on water re hydrological regime are evident ■ The recent period of global warming is characterized by the increased occurrence of natural extremes ■ It is also valid for watercourses with the occurrence of hydrological extremes DROUGHTS and FLOODS ■ Problem not only in the Czech Republic ^fflin ^Europe but all over the world and TREND IN DISASTER OCCURENCE 1900-2004 Source: EM-DAT : The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database. http://www.em-dat.net, UCL - Brussels, Belgium DROUGHTS - THE CZECH REPUBLIC 1 Dry p ■» iinpsitsi on Wsíís/eoLJjrsfí r)f.rtiinM>iiiBiir«t^raílS{5raf1>]|[—[» eriods occurred in the Czec example, 1983, at the beginning of the 1990s (1989-1992), 1994, 2000, 2003 - Morava River Catchment Lanžhot, Morava River August 2003 Vranov Water Reservoir, Zeletavka River inflow into Dyje River, September 1992 (5-6% of Qa) FLOODS - THE CZECH REPUBLIC Location of the landlocked country in the temperate climate in central Europe and diverse orography affect to a considera degree flood regime of the Czech watercourses Floods can most often occur during snowmelt on majority watercourses, usually from December to April, the summer floods can prevail in Odra River basin and on some watercourses originating in mountains, BUT Floods can appear several times a year in any seasor^f the year MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION ■ The lead-time ranges >tween few and 36 hours EPUBLIC :al causes, floods can be c ■ RAIN FLOODS, SNOW FLOODS, MIXED FLOODS, ICE FLOODS (Brázdil, R. et al.,2005) With respect to the combination of causes and seasonal occurence : ■ SUMMER TYPE of floods due to - Short storm rainfall (flash floods) - Regional rainfall - duration up to several days WINTER and SPRING TYPE of floods due to - Snow melt or combination of snow melt and rainfalls - Occurence of mass of ice in the river channel FLOOD FROM OTHER SPECIFIC REASONS - Blocking of the flow (e.g. by landslide, avalanche) (Matějíček, J.-Hladný, J., 1999) FLOODS - THE CZECH REPUBLIC The disastrous floods in the Czech Republic in July 1997 (Moravia, 52 victims) and in August 2002 (Bohemia, 17 victims) reached peak discharges with the return period = exceeding 100 years and more (also spring 2006) Podhradí nad Dyjí, Dyje River, spring 2006 Q100, summer 2006, cca Q500 Prague, Vltava River August 2002, Q500 Ha=74 cm, Qa=149 m3.^1, 14 August 2002 - water level H=782 cm peak discharge Qsoo=5,160 m3.s1 Ha=74 cm, Qa=149 m3.^1, 14 August 2002 - water level H=782 cm peak discharge Qsoo=5,160 m3.s1 Monthly precipitation totals July 1997 [mm] Flooded Troubky village, Jul^ l,r. River Bečva took 9 human lives 2 hydrological stations Series of the mean annual and monthly discharges Series of the annual peak discharges Selected period of assessment: ■ Dyje River, Station Podhradí: 1935-2006 Svratka River, Station Borovnice : 1925-2007 Territory of interest: upper parts of Dyje River Catchment and Svratka River Catchment Located in the south part of the Czech Republic (South Moravia) CZECH REPUBLIC AL STATIONS Borovnice Podhradí nad Dyji 8RNO ZJN AUSTRIA 20 km SLOVAKIA In the period of s y stern atic hydrologica observations, floods exceeded the value Q (peak discharge with the return period of 2 years) were chosen from the CHMI database N-year discharges were applied (for N=2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100) - derived with accordance to the methodology used in CHMI, calculated from the values of maximum peak discharges from all of hydrological years} data series are sufficiently long discharges are not affected by water reservoirs (geografical location - catchments are located in upper parts of selected rivers) ■ Basic hydrological characteristics Podhradí Catchment Třebíč Catchment area A=1,755.95 km2 (i.e. 13.1% of thp total ama of thp Dvie CZECH REPUBLIC Znojmo state boundary AUSTRIA 40 50 60 70 80 N catchment) - Mean annual long-tern discharge Qa=8.5 m3 - Mean area precipitation Ka=bcJ2 mm - - Absolute maximum of 551 m3.s1 achieved during the flood of 30 June 2006 Mean monthly discharges River: Dyje, Station: Podhradí nad Dyjí, Period: 1935-2006 XI XII I IV V VI VII VIII IX the heighest monthly discharges - March (18.4% of Qa) and April (14.0%), the lowest monthly discharges in Semptember (3.8%) and October (4.7%) Chronology of floods exceeding the two-year maximum peak discharg Q2 = 118.5 m3.s 1 in the period 1935-2006, taking into consideration zhďir jM-yaur fshum p^nuii mud rjrjrwľäjjčä xJurjjjxj iha winter (ZP : November-April) njjil £>u;jjjjja/ (LP i Mny-ücivbar) hydmbijJsiiJ ha If-yea yje, Station : Podhradí nad Dyjí U) 600 550 500 450 400 350 S 300 250 .a 200 2 150 2 loo °- 50 o 310 T TT O) CO T rm h oo Q50 '20 ho r i i i i r i i i Q2 551 395 343 i i i i i i i i i i r r i i i i r i i i i i i i i i r i i i i i i O) a> a> o 10 o CD O) (O o 1^- h-. 00 o 00 en I I I I o o CM ■ ZP ■ LP Period/Qk Q2Qioo Total I ZP 18 6 2 2 0 1 29 LP 5 5 1 0 1 1 13 1 Total 23 11 3 2 1 2 42 I August 200 > Q50 30 March 2006 Q100 Monthly frequencies of floods (exceeding the two-year during the winter (ZP - November-April) and summer (LP - May-October) hydrological half-years Month/Qk XI XII IV VI VII VIII IX Q2Q 100 _0 _0 _0 0 _g_ o _o _o _g_ o Monthly frequency 0 12 _g_ o Frequency ZP/LP Total frequency! 29 42 13 Mean annual discharges Qr and annual peak arges Qk on the Dyje River at Podhradí nad Dyj ďinLion jj-j ihb period "J£)B£>-2D£)£3 _ 600 550 ■ 3 450 « 400 c? 350 o 300 =Ď 250 a 200 a> a 150 4 100 50 0 in co O) 25 + 20 15 10 f- 5 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I -5 -10 a> o m a> a> co a> m CD a> a> oo O) oo o a> a> LT) a> o in CM 20 4 2 1940 17.857 2.35 146 extremely wet >2 1 3 1987 17.784 3.73 155 extremely wet >2 3 4 1965 17.306 5.11 169 extremely wet >5 2 5 2006 16.100 6.49 551 extremely wet >100 2 6 1939 14.821 7.87 93 extremely wet <1 1 7 1942 14.153 9.25 130 extremely wet >2 1 8 1996 13.279 10.64 137 wet >2 1 I 9 2002 13.037 12.02 343 wet >50 1 Floods exceeding the twenty-year maximum peak dtechanjs* ol Oao3 242.9 n&s Nr. Maximum annual peak discharge Qk rm3.s1l Hydrological year Month Number of floods during hydrological year Return period N Rate of runoff during hydrological year 1 551 2006 VI - > 100 extremely wet 2 395 2006 III - > 100 extremely wet 3 343 2002 VIII 1 > 50 wet 4 310 1947 III 1 >20 wet 5 260 1941 III 4 >20 extremely wet Mean monthly discharges Qm [m3.s~1] in hydrological years with floods exc Q20 XI XII I III IV VI VII VIII IX 2006 —2002 1947 -»-1941 Basic hydrological characteristics - Catchment area A=127.95 km2 (i.e. 1.8% of the total area of the Svratka - Mean annual long-term discharge Qa=1.52 m3.s - Mean area precipitation Pa=764 mm - Absolute maximum of 60 m3.s~1 occurred in July 1965 Chronology of floods exceeding the two-year maximum peak discharg Q2 = 22.3 m3.s 1 in the period 1924-2007, taking into consideration isr^ir jM-yaur fďturn par\bd nud u^u/arj^ durJuxj ihs winter (ZP : November-April) nud siiLrJiuar {LP i Mny-Ocíobar) jjyd/abxjfc-jJ haJf-y ea 70 > 60 ~Z 50 O ■§ 30 2 20 Q_ 10 iver : Svrat fy- ation : Borovnice CM 50 60 48.7 TI I I I I I I I CO (O CO ITT CM O) MM m rf Ql0 41 42.5 oo O) CD a> T CO co Q2 I i I I I I I I I I I I 00 I I I I I I 00 I I I I I I I I I I C7> 00 <7> O O) i i i i i i i i OJ CN ■ ZP LP Frequencies of floods accoi the N-year return riJ ]/bf lit B 1 Period/Qk Q2Qioo Total | ZP 16 3 2 0 0 0 21 LP 10 6 5 1 0 0 22 1 Total 26 9 7 1 0 0 43 I Monthly frequencies of floods (exceeding the two-year harae Q? = 22.3 m3.s~1) accordina to th maximum during the winter (ZP - November-April) and summer (LP - May-October) hydrological half-years Month/Qk Q2Qioo Monthly frequency Frequency ZP/LP Total frequency XI 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 XII 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 3 1 1 0 0 0 5 21 II 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 III 3 2 1 0 0 0 6 IV 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 43 V 3 2 0 0 0 0 5 VI 2 1 0 0 0 0 3 VII 0 2 2 1 0 0 5 22 VIII 4 1 2 0 0 0 7 IX 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 Annual peak discharge Qk [m3.s"1] W N) N -1 m »• <■ *■ o en o en Mean annual discharge Or [m3.s"1] Rate of runoff during hydrological years including peak di e Qk, Station : boro Nr. Hydrological year (HR) Mean annual discharge Qr [m3.s1] Exceedance probability P [%] Maximum annual peak discharge Qk[m3.s1] Rate of runoff during hydrological year Return period N Number of floods during hydrological year | 1 1941 2.775 0.84 22.0 extremely wet >1 1 2 1987 2.372 2.04 23.3 extremely wet >2 1 3 1938 2.327 3.24 48.2 extremely wet >10 1 4 1931 2.259 4.44 18.3 extremely wet >1 1 5 1965 2.243 5.64 60.0 extremely wet >20 1 6 1940 2.166 6.83 26.5 extremely wet >2 2 7 1967 2.120 8.03 20.5 extremely wet >1 1 8 1997 2.075 9.23 41.0 extremely wet >10 2 I Table of floods exceeding the ten-year Number of floods during hydrological year Return period N >20 > 10 > 10 > 10 > 10 > 10 > 10 > 10 Rate of runoff during hydrological year extremely wet drought extremely wet mean wet wet extremely drought extremely wet I Floods are important natural extremes which are affected by climate change Despite their negative human impacts, floods should be considered as natural phenomen and a part of water cycle in the nature The absolute protection is not possible, it is possible to reduce the harmful impacts of .flood onlyflH Therefore, the research, monitoring a^^^^^^ assessment of floods remain an up-to-date top™ BRÁZDIL, R. et al. (2005) : Historické a současné povodně v Ceske republice. (Historical and Recent Floods in the Czech Republic). Masaryk University Brno, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute Prague, 369 pp. BRÁZDIL, R. - KIRCHNER, K. et al. (2007) : Vybrané prirodni extrémy a jejich dopady na Moravě a ve Slezsku. (Selected Natural Extremes and their Impact in Moravia and Silesia). Masaryk University Brno, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute Prague, Institute of Geonics Ostrava, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 431 MATĚJÍČEK, J. - HLADNÝ, J. (1999). Povodňová katastrofa 20. století na uzemi Ceske republiky. (Flood disaster of théPI 20th century on the territory of the Czech Republic). Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic, Prague, 60 pp. SKLENAŘ, J. (2007) : Povodně v CR a povodňová mereni. Spisy Zeměpisného sdruženi, roc. 6, c. 17/2007, 4 s. In : Zeme a cesty, c. 107 (1/2007). - (Floods in the Czech Republic and Flood Measurements. Papers of Geographical Society, vol. 6, 2007, No.17, 4 pp. In : Countries and Travels/ No. 107 (1/2007). Available : http://www.sweb.cz/spizem SKLENAŘ, J. (2007): Povodně v povodí horní Dyje -analýza kulminačních průtoků. In : Jakubíková, A., Broža, V., Szolgay, J., eds.: Workshop Adolfa Patery 2007 - Extrémní hydrologické jevy v povodích. Sborník z workshopu. ČVUT, Praha a Slovenská vodohospodářská spoločnosť, Bratislava, s. 293 - 302. (Floods in the Upper Dyje Catchment - Peak — Discharges Analysis. In : Jakubíková, A., Broža, V., Szolgay, J., eds.: Adolf Patera Workshop 2007 - Extreme Hydrological Events in Catchments. Workshop Proceedings. Czech Technical University, Prague, and Slovak Scientific and Technical Society of Water Engineers, Bratislava, pp. 293 -302.)^ '■■■■■■■■■■■■■I^l THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTEKtTdK ^