Immune system disorders belong to the civilization diseases of present population. The most frequent immune disorders are allergy and asthma. Approximately 30% of children in the Czech Republic have allergy and 7% of children have asthma. Children with allergy and asthma spend an essential part of their time at school. Primary school environment should be therefore adapted not to cause needlessly health problems at pupils with allergy. A teacher should be aware of the presence of a child with immune system disorder in the class and of the type of the immune disorder in the concrete case. A teacher should also be able to provide first aid to a pupil who throws a fit of allergy. An investigation into chosen primary schools brings a perspective on the current situation in Czech primary schools. The research showed that awareness of the teachers has to be improved. Teachers themselves wish to know more about these problems and proposed measures for that improvement.