The quality of English equivalents of names of Czech public institutions seems to be improving, reflecting the massive spread of English and intensification of international relations over the last two decades. Focusing on names of institutions in education, public administration and armed forces, the paper examines practical needs for and onomatological problems of establishing clear, unequivocal and well-formed English equivalents of Czech institutional names. Most incorrect formations can be explained by ignoring differences between the concerned cultures and languages.