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@article{906714, author = {Stemmler, Irene and Lammel, Gerhard}, article_location = {Göttingen}, article_number = {20}, keywords = {fluorinated compounds PFOA Arctic long range transport}, language = {eng}, issn = {1680-7316}, journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}, title = {Pathways of PFOA to the Arctic: variabilities and contributions of oceanic currents and atmospheric transport and chemistry sources}, volume = {10}, year = {2010} }
TY - JOUR ID - 906714 AU - Stemmler, Irene - Lammel, Gerhard PY - 2010 TI - Pathways of PFOA to the Arctic: variabilities and contributions of oceanic currents and atmospheric transport and chemistry sources JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics VL - 10 IS - 20 SP - 9965-9980 EP - 9965-9980 PB - Copernicus Publ. SN - 16807316 KW - fluorinated compounds PFOA Arctic long range transport N2 - Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other perfluorinated compounds are industrial chemicals in use for decades which resist degradation in the environment and seem to accumulate in polar regions. Transport of PFOA was modeled using a spatially resolved global multicompartment model including fully coupled three-dimensional ocean and atmosphere general circulation models, and two-dimensional top soil, vegetation surfaces, and sea ice compartments. In addition to primary emissions, the formation of PFOA in the atmosphere from degradation of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol was included as a PFOA source. Oceanic transport, delivered 14.8 plus/minus 5.0 (8 to 23) t per year to the Arctic, strongly influenced by changes in water transport, which determined its interannual variability. This pathway constituted the dominant source of PFOA to the Arctic. Formation of PFOA in the atmosphere led to episodic transport events (timescale of days) into the Arctic with small spatial extent. Deposition in the polar region was found to be dominated by wet deposition over land, and shows maxima in boreal winter. The total atmospheric deposition of PFOA in the Arctic in the 1990s was about 1 t per year , much higher than previously estimated, and is dominated by primary emissions rather than secondary formation. ER -
STEMMLER, Irene and Gerhard LAMMEL. Pathways of PFOA to the Arctic: variabilities and contributions of oceanic currents and atmospheric transport and chemistry sources. \textit{Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics}. Göttingen: Copernicus Publ., 2010, vol.~10, No~20, p.~9965-9980. ISSN~1680-7316.
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