It is just a slight overstatement to say that, since 1990, there has been an ongoing reform of the Health Care system in the Czech Republic. And it is not over yet. The paper presents milestones of previous developments in the Czech Health Care system and focuses on the most recent attempt of the current government to promote fundamental change in order to cope with old and new challenges. Though the current reform policy itself is not unique and one can find many similarities with other countries (copayments, selective contracting, managed competition, etc), interesting lessons can be derived by looking at the way this policy is implemented and how it is affected not only during legislative procedures within Parliament but also by systematic goal-seeking activities of special interest groups. By analyzing positions and the conduct of the main actors one can see (not surprisingly) that the Government seems to be the weakest part of the system. Radical and strong intentions appear to turn into marginal changes on the eve of autumn elections to regional governments in the Czech Republic.