Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most aggressive of malignant brain tumors and therapeutic options for it are limited. Standard therapy is maximal surgical resection and adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy and maintenance therapy with temozolomid. This approach improves median and 5-year survival in comparison with postsurgical radiotherapy alone. MGMT (O6-Methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase) promoter methylation is the first predictive biomarker. Low levels of expression of MGMT protein are correlated with successful treatment. Additional predictive and prognostic biomarkers are required, especially in the light of the development of targeted therapy – antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. New therapeutic approaches are under intensive investigation. The most promising data currently derive from anti-angiogenic therapies, such as bevacizumab and cediranib. This review presents a summary covering chemotherapy, the significance of promoter methylation MGMT, pseudoprogression and the possible role of targeted therapy in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.