World Justice Project
Rule of Law Index ®
2016
The WJP Rule of Law Index 2016® report was prepared by the World Justice Project’s research team. The Index’s conceptual
framework and methodology were developed by Juan Carlos Botero, Mark David Agrast, and Alejandro Ponce. Data collection
and analysis for the 2016 report was performed by Juan Carlos Botero, Alicia Evangelides, Amy Gryskiewicz, Camilo Gutiérrez
Patiño, Mohammad Hamze, Matthew Harman, Roberto Hernández, Jeremy Levine-Drizin, Sarah Chamness Long, Joel Martinez,
Alejandro Ponce, Christine S. Pratt, Kelly Roberts, and Quinn Walker, with the assistance of Lindsay Aramayo-Lipa, Loveridge
Bere, Annette Coto, Megan Duffy, Mohammad Mujeeb, Niku Neshati, Alex Randall, Faith Rotich, Rosemarie Sandino, Marc
Sepama, Adam Severance, Julie Smith, and Nathan Treacy.
Lead graphic designer for this report was Hunter Zachwieja.
Lead website designer was Dan McCarey, with assistance from Hunter Zachwieja.
The World Justice Project
Board of Directors: Sheikha Abdulla Al-Misnad, Emil Constantinescu, William C. Hubbard, Suet-Fern Lee, Mondli Makhanya,
William H. Neukom, Ellen Gracie Northfleet, James R. Silkenat.
Directors Emeritus: President Dr. Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai
Officers: William C. Hubbard, Chairman of the Board; William H. Neukom, Founder and CEO; Deborah Enix-Ross,
Vice President; James R. Silkenat, Director and Vice President; Lawrence B. Bailey, Treasurer;
Gerold W. Libby, General Counsel and Secretary.
Executive Director: Juan Carlos Botero
Chief Research Officer: Alejandro Ponce
WJP Rule of Law Index report was made possible by the generous supporters of the work of the World Justice Project listed in this
report on pages 203 and 204.
ISBN (print version): 978-0-9882846-0-9   ISBN (online version): 978-0-9882846-1-6
© Copyright 2016 by the World Justice Project. The WJP Rule of Law Index and the World Justice Project Rule of Law Index are
trademarks of the World Justice Project. All Rights Reserved. Requests to reproduce this document should be sent to Alejandro
Ponce, The World Justice Project, 1025 Vermont Avenue, N.W., Suite 1200, Washington, D.C. 20005 U.S.A.
E-mail: aponce@worldjusticeproject.org
Executive Summary
Rule of Law Around the World
Country Specific Data and Online Tools
The WJP Rule of Law Index
Defining the Rule of Law
Measuring the Rule of Law
Features of the Rule of Law Index
Using the Rule of Law Index
	
	
Scores & Rankings
Rule of Law Around the World
Rule of Law by Region
Rule of Law by Income Group
The Eight Factors of the Rule of Law Index
Rule of Law Trends
Factor 1: Constraints on Government Powers
Factor 2: Absence of Corruption
Factor 3: Open Government
Factor 4: Fundamental Rights
Factor 5: Order and Security
Factor 6: Regulatory Enforcement
Factor 7: Civil Justice
Factor 8: Criminal Justice
Country Profiles
How to Read the Country Profiles
Methodology
Contributing Experts
Acknowledgments
About the World Justice Project
Table of Contents
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary4 |
Executive Summary
Effective rule of law reduces corruption, combats poverty and disease, and
protects people from injustices large and small. It is the foundation for
communities of peace, opportunity, and equity – underpinning development,
accountable government, and respect for fundamental rights.
The World Justice Project (WJP) joins efforts to produce
reliable data on rule of law through the WJP Rule of Law
Index® 2016, the sixth report in an annual series, which
measures rule of law based on the experiences and
perceptions of the general public and in-country experts
worldwide. We hope this annual publication, anchored
in actual experiences, will help identify strengths and
weaknesses in each country under review and encourage
policy choices that strengthen the rule of law.
The WJP Rule of Law Index 2016 presents a portrait of the
rule of law in each country by providing scores and
rankings organized around eights factors: constraints on
government powers, absence of corruption, open
government, fundamental rights, order and security,
regulatory enforcement, civil justice, and criminal justice.
A ninth factor, informal justice, is measured but not
included in aggregated scores and rankings. These
factors are intended to reflect how people experience
rule of law in everyday life.
The country scores and rankings for the WJP Rule of Law
Index 2016 are derived from more than 110,000 households
and 2,700 expert surveys in 113 countries and jurisdictions.
The Index is the world’s most comprehensive data set of
its kind and the only to rely solely on primary data,
measuring a nation’s adherence to the rule of law from the
perspective of how ordinary people experience it.
These features make the Index a powerful tool that can
help identify strengths and weaknesses in each country,
and help to inform policy debates, both within and across
countries, that advance the rule of law.
Rule of Law Around the World | 5
Rule of Law Around the World: Scores and Rankings
The table below presents the scores and rankings of the
WJP Rule of Law Index 2016. Scores range from 0 to 1
(with 1 indicating strongest adherence to the rule of law).
Scoring is based on answers drawn from a representative
sample of 1,000 respondents in the three largest cities per
country and a set of in-country legal practitioners and
academics. Tables organized by region and income group,
along with disaggregated data for each factor, can be found
in the “Scores and Rankings” section of this report. The
methodology used to compute the scores and determine
the mapping of survey questions to the conceptual
framework is available in the “Methodology” section of the
WJP Rule of Law Index website
(worldjusticeproject.org/methodology).
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
RANK
CHANGE¹
Afghanistan 0.35 111
Albania 0.5 72
Antigua & Barbuda 0.67 29 —
Argentina 0.55 51
Australia 0.81 11
Austria 0.83 7 —
Bahamas 0.61 38 —
Bangladesh 0.41 103
Barbados 0.67 28 —
Belarus 0.54 57
Belgium 0.79 13
Belize 0.47 82
Bolivia 0.4 104
Bosnia & Herzegovina 0.56 50
Botswana 0.58 45
Brazil 0.55 52
Bulgaria 0.54 53
Burkina Faso 0.48 79
Cambodia 0.33 112
Cameroon 0.37 109
Canada 0.81 12
Chile 0.68 26 —
China 0.48 80
Colombia 0.51 71
Costa Rica 0.68 25 —
Cote d’Ivoire 0.46 87 —
Croatia 0.61 39
Czech Republic 0.75 17
Denmark 0.89 1 —
Dominica 0.6 40 —
Dominican Republic 0.47 85
Ecuador 0.45 91
Egypt 0.37 110
El Salvador 0.49 75
Estonia 0.79 14
Ethiopia 0.38 107
Finland 0.87 3
France 0.72 21
Georgia 0.65 34
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
RANK
CHANGE¹
Germany 0.83 6
Ghana 0.58 44
Greece 0.6 41 —
Grenada 0.66 31 —
Guatemala 0.44 97
Guyana 0.49 76 —
Honduras 0.42 102
Hong Kong SAR, China 0.77 16
Hungary 0.57 49
India 0.51 66
Indonesia 0.52 61
Iran 0.47 86
Italy 0.64 35
Jamaica 0.57 47
Japan 0.78 15
Jordan 0.59 42
Kazakhstan 0.5 73
Kenya 0.43 100
Kyrgyzstan 0.47 83
Lebanon 0.46 89
Liberia 0.45 94 —
Macedonia, FYR 0.54 54
Madagascar 0.45 90
Malawi 0.51 69
Malaysia 0.54 56
Mexico 0.46 88
Moldova 0.49 77
Mongolia 0.54 55
Morocco 0.53 60
Myanmar 0.43 98
Nepal 0.52 63
Netherlands 0.86 5 —
New Zealand 0.83 8
Nicaragua 0.42 101
Nigeria 0.44 96
Norway 0.88 2 —
Pakistan 0.38 106
Panama 0.52 62
Peru 0.51 65
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
RANK
CHANGE¹
Philippines 0.51 70
Poland 0.71 22
Portugal 0.71 23 —
Republic of Korea 0.73 19
Romania 0.66 32
Russia 0.45 92
Senegal 0.57 46 —
Serbia 0.5 74
Sierra Leone 0.45 95
Singapore 0.82 9 —
Slovenia 0.67 27
South Africa 0.59 43
Spain 0.7 24 —
Sri Lanka 0.51 68 —
St. Kitts & Nevis 0.66 30 —
St. Lucia 0.64 36 —
St. Vincent & the
Grenadines
0.61 37 —
Suriname 0.53 59 —
Sweden 0.86 4
Tanzania 0.47 84
Thailand 0.51 64
Trinidad & Tobago 0.57 48 —
Tunisia 0.53 58
Turkey 0.43 99
Uganda 0.39 105
Ukraine 0.49 78
United Arab Emirates 0.66 33
United Kingdom 0.81 10
United States 0.74 18
Uruguay 0.72 20
Uzbekistan 0.45 93
Venezuela 0.28 113 —
Vietnam 0.51 67
Zambia 0.48 81
Zimbabwe 0.37 108
6
6
4
5
5
5
9
9
2
2
2
8
7
12
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
2
2
2
2
8
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
10
3
3
33
7
8
8
8
5
6
1 1
1 1
1
5
5
10
13
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
7
2
1
1
13
11
¹ The change in rankings was calculated by comparing the positions of
the 102 countries measured in 2015 with the rankings of the same 102
countries in 2016, exclusive of the 11 new countries indexed in 2016.
The 11 new countries added to the Index are Antigua and Barbuda,
The Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana,
St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname,
and Trinidad and Tobago.
Country Specific Data and Online Tools6 |
Country Specific Data and Online Tools
The interactive data site invites viewers
to browse each of the 113 country
profiles and explore country scores
for the eight aggregated factors of the
rule of law: constraints on government
powers, absence of corruption, open
government, fundamental rights, order
and security, regulatory enforcement,
civil justice, and criminal justice.
Discover each country’s overall rule of
law scores. The site features the
Index’s entire dataset, as well as global,
regional, and income group rankings.
In addition to this written report, an interactive online platform for countryspecific
WJP Rule of Law Index data is available at data.worldjusticeproject.org.
WJP Rule of Law Index® 2015
The WJP Rule of Law Index®
The WJP Rule of Law Index8 |
The WJP Rule of Law Index
The World Justice Project (WJP) is an independent, multidisciplinary organization
working to advance the rule of law around the world. The rule of law provides
the foundation for communities of peace, opportunity, and equity – underpinning
development, accountable government, and respect for fundamental rights.
Where the rule of law is weak, medicines fail to reach health
facilities, criminal violence goes unchecked, laws are applied
unequally, and foreign investments are held back. Effective
rule of law reduces corruption, improves public health,
enhances education, alleviates poverty, and protects people
from injustices and dangers large and small.
Strengthening the rule of law is a major goal of
governments, donors, businesses, and civil society
organizations around the world. To be effective, however,
rule of law development requires clarity about the
fundamental features of the rule of law, as well as an
adequate basis for its evaluation and measurement.
In response to this need, the World Justice Project has
developed the WJP Rule of Law Index, a quantitative
measurement tool that offers a comprehensive picture of
the rule of law in practice.
The WJP Rule of Law Index presents a portrait of the rule
of law in each country by providing scores and rankings
organized around eight themes: constraints on government
powers, absence of corruption, open government,
fundamental rights, order and security, regulatory
enforcement, civil justice, and criminal justice. A ninth
factor, informal justice, is measured but not included in
aggregated scores and rankings. These country
scores and rankings are based on answers drawn from
more than 110,000 households and 2,700 expert surveys
in 113 countries and jurisdictions.
The WJP Rule of Law Index 2016 is the sixth report in an
annual series, and is the product of years of development,
intensive consultation, and vetting with academics,
practitioners, and community leaders from over 100
countries and 17 professional disciplines. The Index is
intended for a broad audience of policy makers, civil society
practitioners, academics, and others. The rule of law is
not the rule of lawyers and judges: all elements of society
are stakeholders. It is our hope that, over time, this
diagnostic tool will help identify strengths and weaknesses
in each country under review and encourage policy
choices that strengthen the rule of law.
Defining the Rule of Law | 9
Defining the Rule of Law
The rule of law is notoriously difficult to define and measure. A simple way of
approaching it is in terms of some of the outcomes that the rule of law brings to
societies – such as accountability, respect for fundamental rights, or access
to justice – each of which reflects one aspect of the complex concept of the rule
of law. The WJP Rule of Law Index seeks to embody these outcomes within a
simple and coherent framework to measure the extent to which countries attain
these outcomes in practice by means of performance indicators.
The WJP Rule of Law Index captures adherence to the rule
of law (as defined by the WJP’s universal principles above)
through a comprehensive and multi-dimensional set
of outcome indicators, each of which reflects a particular
aspect of this complex concept. The theoretical framework
linking these outcome indicators draws on two main
ideas pertaining to the relationship between the state and
the governed: first, that the law imposes limits on the
exercise of power by the state and its agents, as well as
individuals and private entities. This is measured in
factors 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the Index. Second, that the state
limits the actions of members of society and fulfills its basic
duties towards its population, so that the public interest
is served, people are protected from violence and members
of society have access to mechanisms to settle disputes
and redress grievances. This is captured in factors 5, 6, 7,
8, and 9 of the Index. Although broad in scope, this
framework assumes very little about the functions of
the state, and when it does, it incorporates functions that
are recognized by practically all societies, such as the
provisions of justice or the guarantee of order and security.
The resulting set of indicators is also an effort to strike a
balance between what scholars call a “thin” or minimalist
conception of the rule of law that focuses on formal,
procedural rules, and a “thick” conception that includes
substantive characteristics, such as self-government
and various fundamental rights and freedoms. Striking this
balance between “thin” and “thick” conceptions of the
rule of law enables the Index to apply to different types of
social and political systems, including those which lack
many of the features that characterize democratic nations,
while including sufficient substantive characteristics
to render the rule of law as more than merely a system of
rules. Indeed, the Index recognizes that a system of positive
law that fails to respect core human rights guaranteed
under international law is at best “rule by law” and does
not deserve to be called a rule of law system.
The WJP uses a working definition of the rule of law based on four universal
principles, derived from internationally accepted standards. The rule of law is
a system in which the following four universal principles are upheld:
1.	 The government and its officials and agents as well as individuals and
private entities are accountable under the law.
2.	 The laws are clear, publicized, stable and just; are applied evenly;
and protect fundamental rights, including the security of
persons and property.
3.	 The process by which the laws are enacted, administered, and enforced
is accessible, fair, and efficient.
4.	 Justice is delivered timely by competent, ethical, and
independent representatives and neutrals who are of sufficient
number, have adequate resources and reflect the makeup of
the communities they serve.
Universal Principles of the Rule of Law
Defining the Rule of Law10 |
The WJP Rule of Law Index is comprised of nine factors further disaggregated into
47 specific sub-factors. These sub-factors are presented
on page 13 and are described in detail in the section below.
Factor 1 measures the extent to which those who
govern are bound by law. It comprises the means, both
constitutional and institutional, by which the powers
of the government and its officials and agents are limited
and held accountable under the law. It also includes
non-governmental checks on the government’s power,
such as a free and independent press.
Governmental checks take many forms; they do not operate
solely in systems marked by a formal separation of
powers, nor are they necessarily codified in law. What is
essential, however, is that authority is distributed, whether
by formal rules or by convention, in a manner that ensures
that no single organ of government has the practical
ability to exercise unchecked power.¹ This factor addresses
the effectiveness of the institutional checks on government
power by the legislature (1.1), the judiciary (1.2), and
independent auditing and review agencies (1.3),² as well as
the effectiveness of non-governmental oversight by
the media and civil society (1.5), which serve an important
role in monitoring government actions and holding officials
accountable. The extent to which transitions of power
occur in accordance with the law is also examined (1.6).³
In addition to these checks, this factor also measures the
extent to which government officials are held accountable
for official misconduct (1.4).
1
The Index does not address the further question of whether the laws are
enacted by democratically elected representatives.
2
This includes a wide range of institutions, from financial comptrollers
and auditing agencies to the diverse array of entities that monitor human
rights compliance (e.g. “Human Rights Defender”, “Ombudsman”,
“People’s Advocate”, “Defensor del Pueblo”, “Ouvidoria”, “Human Rights
Commissioner”, “Oiguskantsler”, “Mediateur de la Republique”, “Citizen’s
Advocate”, “Avocatul Poporului”). In some countries these functions
are performed by judges or other state officials; in others, they are carried
out by independent agencies.
3
This sub-factor does not address the issue of whether transitions of political
power take place through democratic elections. Rather, it
examines whether the rules for the orderly transfer of power are actually
observed. This sub-factor looks at the prevalence of electoral fraud
and intimidation (for those countries in which elections are held), the
frequency of coups d’etat, and the extent to which transition processes
are open to public scrutiny
Factor 2 measures the absence of corruption in a number of
government agencies. The factor considers three forms
of corruption: bribery, improper influence by public
or private interests, and misappropriation of public funds
or other resources. These three forms of corruption
are examined with respect to government officers in the
executive branch (2.1), the judiciary (2.2), the military
and police (2.3), and the legislature (2.4), and encompass a
wide range of possible situations in which corruption —
from petty bribery to major kinds of fraud — can occur.
Factor 3 measures the openness of government defined as
a government that shares information, empowers people
with tools to hold the government accountable, and fosters
citizen participation in public policy deliberations.
The factor measures whether basic laws and information
in legal rights are publicized, and evaluates the quality
of information published by the government (3.1). It also
measures whether requests for information held by
a government agency are properly granted (3.2). Finally it
assesses the effectiveness of civic participation mechanisms
–including the protection of freedoms of opinion and
expression, assembly and association, and the right
to petition (3.3), and whether people can bring specific
complaints to the government (3.4).
Factor 1: Constraints on Government Powers Factor 2: Absence of Corruption
Factor 3: Open Government
Defining the Rule of Law | 11
4
The laws can be fair only if they do not make arbitrary or irrational
distinctions based on economic or social status – the latter defined to include
race, color, ethnic or social origin, caste, nationality, alienage, religion, language,
political opinion or affiliation, gender, marital status, sexual orientation or
gender identity, age, and disability. It must be acknowledged that for some
societies, including some traditional societies, certain of these categories
may be problematic. In addition, there may be differences both within and
among such societies as to whether a given distinction is arbitrary or irrational.
Despite these difficulties, it was determined that only an inclusive list would
accord full respect to the principles of equality and non-discrimination
embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and emerging norms
of international law.
5
Sub-factor 4.2 concerns police brutality and other abuses – including
arbitrary detention, torture and extrajudicial execution – perpetrated by
agents of the state against criminal suspects, political dissidents,
members of the media, and ordinary people.
6
This includes the presumption of innocence and the opportunity to submit
and challenge evidence before public proceedings; freedom from arbitrary
arrest, detention, torture and abusive treatment, and access to legal counsel
and translators.
7
Sub-factor 4.8 includes the four fundamental principles recognized by the
ILO Declaration of Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work of 1998:
1) the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to
collective bargaining, 2) the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory
labor, 3) the effective abolition of child labor, and 4) the elimination of
discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.
8
In this category, we include measures of criminal victimization, such as
homicide, kidnapping, burglary, armed robbery, extortion, and fraud.
Factor 4 measures the protection of fundamental
human rights. It recognizes that a system of positive law
that fails to respect core human rights established
under international law is at best “rule by law,” and does
not deserve to be called a rule of law system. Since there
are many other indices that address human rights, and
as it would be impossible for the Index to assess adherence
to the full range of rights, this factor focuses on a relatively
modest menu of rights that are firmly established under
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and are
most closely related to rule of law concerns. Accordingly,
Factor 4 encompasses adherence to the following
fundamental rights: effective enforcement of laws that
ensure equal protection (4.1),⁴ the right to life and security
of the person (4.2),⁵ due process of law and the rights
of the accused (4.3),⁶ freedom of opinion and expression
(4.4), freedom of belief and religion (4.5), the right to
privacy (4.6), freedom of assembly and association (4.7),
and fundamental labor rights, including the right to
collective bargaining, the prohibition of forced and child
labor, and the elimination of discrimination (4.8).⁷
Factor 5 measures how well the society assures the security
of persons and property. Security is one of the defining
aspects of any rule of law society and a fundamental
function of the state. It is also a precondition for the
realization of the rights and freedoms that the rule of law
seeks to advance. This factor includes three dimensions
that cover various threats to order and security: crime (5.1
particularly conventional crime),⁸ political violence (5.2
including terrorism, armed conflict, and political unrest), and
violence as a socially acceptable means to redress personal
grievances (5.3 vigilante justice).
Factor 6 measures the extent to which regulations are fairly
and effectively implemented and enforced. Regulations,
both legal and administrative, structure behaviors within
and outside of the government. Strong rule of law requires
that these regulations and administrative provisions
are enforced effectively (6.1) and are applied and enforced
without improper influence by public officials or private
interests (6.2). Additionally, strong rule of law requires that
administrative proceedings are conducted in a timely
manner, without unreasonable delays (6.4), that due process
is respected in administrative proceedings (6.3), and
that there is no expropriation of private property without
adequate compensation (6.5).
This factor does not assess which activities a government
chooses to regulate, nor does it consider how much
regulation of a particular activity is appropriate. Rather, it
examines how regulations are implemented and enforced.
To facilitate comparisons, this factor considers areas
that all countries regulate to one degree or another, such
as public health, workplace safety, environmental
protection, and commercial activity.
Factor 5: Order & Security
Factor 6: Regulatory Enforcement
Factor 4: Fundamental Rights
Defining the Rule of Law12 |
Finally, Factor 9 concerns the role played in many countries
by customary and ‘informal’ systems of justice – including
traditional, tribal, and religious courts, and communitybased
systems – in resolving disputes. These systems
often play a large role in cultures in which formal
legal institutions fail to provide effective remedies for large
segments of the population, or when formal institutions
are perceived as remote, corrupt, or ineffective. This factor
covers three concepts: whether these dispute resolution
systems are timely and effective (9.1), whether they
are impartial and free of improper influence (9.2), and
the extent to which these systems respect and protect
fundamental rights (9.3).¹⁰
Factor 8 evaluates the criminal justice system. An effective
criminal justice system is a key aspect of the rule of law,
as it constitutes the conventional mechanism to redress
grievances and bring action against individuals for offenses
against society. Effective criminal justice systems are
capable of investigating and adjudicating criminal offenses
successfully and in a timely manner (8.1 and 8.2), through a
system that is impartial and non-discriminatory (8.4), and
that is free of corruption and improper government influence
(8.5 and 8.6), all while ensuring that the rights of both victims
and the accused are effectively protected (8.7).9
The delivery
of effective criminal justice also necessitates correctional
systems that effectively reduce criminal behavior (8.3).
Accordingly, an assessment of the delivery of criminal justice
should take into consideration the entire system, including the
police, the lawyers, prosecutors, judges, and prison officers.
Factor 7 measures whether ordinary people can resolve
their grievances peacefully and effectively through
the civil justice system. The delivery of effective civil justice
requires that the system be accessible and affordable (7.1),
free of discrimination (7.2), free of corruption (7.3),
and without improper influence by public officials (7.4).
The delivery of effective civil justice also necessitates that
court proceedings are conducted in a timely manner, not
subject to unreasonable delays, and are effectively enforced
(7.5 and 7.6). Finally, recognizing the value of Alternative
Dispute Resolution mechanisms (ADRs), this factor also
measures the accessibility, impartiality, and efficiency
of mediation and arbitration systems that enable parties to
resolve civil disputes (7.7).
Factor 7: Civil Justice
Factor 8: Criminal Justice
Factor 9: Informal Justice
9
Sub-factor 8.7 includes the presumption of innocence and the opportunity to
submit and challenge evidence before public proceedings, freedom
from arbitrary arrest, detention, torture and abusive treatment, and access
to legal counsel and translators.
10
WJP has devoted significant effort to collecting data on informal justice in
a dozen countries. Nonetheless, the complexities of these systems and
the difficulties of measuring their fairness and effectiveness in a manner
that is both systematic and comparable across countries, make assessments
extraordinarily challenging. Although the WJP has collected data on this
dimension, they are not included in the aggregated scores and rankings.
Defining the Rule of Law | 13
The Nine Factors of the Rule of Law
Factor 1: Constraints on Government Powers
1.5 Government powers are subject to non-governmental checks
1.6 Transition of power is subject to the law
1.4
3.4
2.4
Government officials are sanctioned for misconduct
Complaint mechanisms
Government officials in the legislative branch do not use
public office for private gain
1.1
3.1
2.1
5.1
Government powers are effectively limited by the legislature
Publicized laws and government data
Government officials in the executive branch do not use
public office for private gain
Crime is effectively controlled
1.2
3.2
2.2
5.2
Government powers are effectively limited by the judiciary
Right to information
Government officials in the judicial branch do not use
public office for private gain
Civil conflict is effectively limited
1.3
3.3
2.3
5.3
Government powers are effectively limited
by independent auditing and review
Civic participation
Government officials in the police and military do not use
public office for private gain
People do not resort to violence to redress personal grievances
Factor 7: Civil Justice
7.5
8.5
Civil justice is not subject to unreasonable delay
Criminal system is free of corruption
7.6
8.6
Civil justice is effectively enforced
Criminal system is free of improper government influence
7.7
8.7
Alternative dispute resolution mechanisms are accessible,
impartial, and effective
Due process of law and the rights of the accused
7.4
8.4
Civil justice is free of improper government influence
Criminal system is impartial
7.1
8.1
9.1
People can access and afford civil justice
Criminal investigation system is effective
Informal justice is timely and effective
7.2
8.2
9.2
Civil justice is free of discrimination
Criminal adjudication system is timely and effective
Informal justice is impartial and free of improper influence
7.3
8.3
9.3
Civil justice is free of corruption
Correctional system is effective in reducing criminal behavior
Informal justice respects and protects fundamental rights
Factor 8: Criminal Justice
Factor 2: Absence of Corruption
Factor 3: Open Government
Factor 5: Order & Security
Factor 6: Regulatory Enforcement
4.5
6.5
Freedom of belief and religion is effectively guaranteed
The government does not expropriate without lawful process
and adequate compensation
4.6 Freedom from arbitrary interference with privacy
is effectively guaranteed
4.7 Freedom of assembly and association is effectively guaranteed
4.8 Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed
4.4
6.4
Freedom of opinion and expression is effectively guaranteed
Due process is respected in administrative proceedings
4.1
6.1
Equal treatment and absence of discrimination
Government regulations are effectively enforced
4.2
6.2
The right to life and security of the person is effectively guaranteed
Government regulations are applied and enforced
without improper influence
4.3
6.3
Due process of law and the rights of the accused
Administrative proceedings are conducted
without unreasonable delay
Factor 4: Fundamental Rights
Factor 9: Informal Justice
Defining the Rule of Law14 |
The Rule of Law in Everyday Life
The rule of law affects all of us in our everyday lives.
Although we may not be aware of it, the rule of law is
profoundly important – and not just to lawyers or judges.
It is the foundation for a system of rules to keep us
safe, resolve disputes, and enable us to prosper. In fact,
every sector of society is a stakeholder in the rule of law.
Below are a few examples:
Business environment. Imagine an investor seeking to commit resources abroad.
She would probably think twice before investing in a country where corruption
is rampant, property rights are ill-defined, and contracts are difficult to enforce.
Uneven enforcement of regulations, corruption, insecure property rights,
and ineffective means to settle disputes undermine legitimate business and drive
away both domestic and foreign investment.
Public works. Consider the bridges, roads, or runways we traverse daily — or
the offices and buildings in which we live, work, and play. What if building
codes governing their design and safety were not enforced, or if government
officials and contractors employed low-quality materials in order to pocket
the surplus? Weak regulatory enforcement and corruption decrease the security
of physical infrastructures and waste scarce resources, which are essential
to a thriving economy.
Public health and environment. Consider the implications of pollution, wildlife
poaching, and deforestation for public health, the economy, and the environment.
What if a company was pouring harmful chemicals into a river in a highly
populated area and the environmental inspector turned a blind eye in exchange
for a bribe? While countries around the world have laws to protect the public’s
health and the environment, these laws are not always enforced. Adherence
to the rule of law is essential to effective enforcement of public health
and environmental regulations and to hold government, businesses, civil society
organizations, and communities accountable for protecting the environment
without unduly constraining economic opportunities.
Public participation. What if residents of a neighborhood were not informed of
an upcoming construction project commissioned by the government that
would cause disruptions to their community? Or what if they did not have the
opportunity to present their objections to the relevant government authorities
prior to the start of the construction project? Being able to voice opinions about
government decisions that directly impact the lives of ordinary people is a key
aspect of the rule of law. Public participation ensures that all stakeholders have
the chance to be heard and provide valuable input in the decision-making process.
Civil Justice. Imagine an individual having a dispute with another party. What if
the system to settle the dispute and obtain a remedy was largely inaccessible,
unreliable, or corrupt? Without a well-functioning justice system – a core element
of the rule of law – individuals faced with a dispute have few options other than
giving up or resorting to violence to settle the conflict.
Measuring the Rule of Law | 15
Measuring the Rule of Law
This conceptual framework provides the basis for measuring the rule of law.
The scores and rankings of the 44 sub-factors (factors
1 through 8)¹ draw from two data sources collected
by the World Justice Project in each country: 1) a general
population poll (GPP) conducted by leading local polling
companies using a representative sample of 1,000
respondents in the three largest cities,² and 2) qualified
respondents’ questionnaires (QRQs) consisting of closedended
questions completed by in-country practitioners
and academics with expertise in civil and commercial law,
criminal justice, labor law, and public health. Taken together,
these two data sources provide up-to-date firsthand
information from a large number of people on their
experiences and perceptions concerning their dealings with
the government, the police, and the courts, as well as the
openness and accountability of the state, the extent of
corruption, and the magnitude of common crimes to which
the general public is exposed.
These data are processed, normalized on a 0 to 1 scale,
and aggregated from the variable level all the way up to the
dimension level for each country, and then to an overall
score and ranking using the data map and weights reported
in the "Methodology" section of the WJP Rule of Law Index
website. Finally, these scores are validated and crosschecked
against qualitative and quantitative third-party
sources to identify possible mistakes or inconsistencies
within the data.
The WJP has produced the Rule of Law Index for each of the
last six years. During this time, the number of countries
covered has increased, and the surveys and indicators have
evolved to better reflect the rule of law landscape of
countries around the world. While this year’s indicators are
closely aligned with those used in the previous edition,
new questions pertaining to open government and dispute
resolution have been added to the surveys.³ The
WJP Rule of Law Index 2016 report also includes 11 new
countries: Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados,
Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia,
St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad and
Tobago. In total, this year’s report covers 113 countries
and jurisdictions that account for more than 90 percent of
the world’s population.
The country scores and rankings presented in this report
are based on data collected and analyzed during the second
and third quarters of 2016, with the exception of general
population data for countries indexed in 2015, which were
gathered during the fall of 2014.
The scores and rankings have been organized into 113
country profiles, which are available at
data.worldjusticeproject.org. Each of these profiles displays
1) the country’s overall rule of law score and ranking;
2) the score of each of the eight dimensions of the rule of
law as well as the global, regional, and income group
rankings; 3) the score of each of the 44 sub-factors
together with the average score of the country’s region and
the country’s income group. A detailed description of the
process by which data are collected and the rule of law
is measured is available online at worldjusticeproject.org.
¹ Significant effort has been devoted during the last four years to collecting
data on informal justice in a dozen countries. Nonetheless, the complexities
of these systems and the difficulties of measuring their fairness and
effectiveness in a manner that is both systematic and comparable across
countries, make assessments extraordinarily challenging. Although the
WJP has collected data on this dimension, they are not included in the
aggregated scores and rankings.
² In order to achieve a representative sample in some Caribbean countries,
nationally representative polls were conducted outside of the three largest
cities using a sample of 500 respondents. Please see the "Methodology"
section for a full explanation and polling methodology by country.
³ Please see the "Methodology" section for a complete description of survey
updates.
Measuring the Rule of Law16 |
The WJP Rule of Law Index Methodology in a Nutshell
*A detailed description of the process by which data are collected and the rule of law is measured is provided in the "Methodology" section of this report.
The production of the WJP Rule of Law Index may be summarized in eleven steps:
1.	 The WJP developed the conceptual framework
summarized in the Index’s 8 factors and 44 sub-factors,
in consultation with academics, practitioners, and
community leaders from around the world.
2.	 The Index team developed a set of five questionnaires
based on the Index’s conceptual framework, to be
administered to experts and the general public.
Questionnaires were translated into several languages
and adapted to reflect commonly used terms and
expressions.
3.	 The team identified, on average, more than 300 potential
local experts per country to respond to the experts’
questionnaires, and engaged the services of leading local
polling companies to implement the household surveys.
4.	 Polling companies conducted pre-test pilot surveys of
the general public in consultation with the Index team,
and launched the final survey.
5.	 The team sent the questionnaires to local experts and
engaged in continual interaction with them.
6.	 The Index team collected and mapped the data onto the
44 sub-factors with global comparability.
7.	 The Index team constructed the final scores using a
five-step process:
a.	 Codified the questionnaire items as numeric values.
b.	 Produced raw country scores by aggregating
the responses from several individuals (experts
or general public).
c.	 Normalized the raw scores.
d.	 Aggregated the normalized scores into sub-factors
and factors using simple averages.
e.	 Produced the final rankings using the normalized
scores.
8.	 The data were subject to a series of tests to identify
possible biases and errors. For example, the Index
team cross-checked all sub-factors against more than
60 third-party sources, including quantitative data
and qualitative assessments drawn from local
and international organizations.
9.	 A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the
statistical reliability of the results.
10.	To illustrate whether the rule of law in a country
significantly changed over the course of the past year, a
measure of change over time was produced based
on the annual difference in the country-level factor
scores, the standard errors of these scores (estimated
from a set of 100 bootstrap samples), and the results
of the corresponding t-tests.
11.	The data were organized into country reports,
tables, and figures to facilitate their presentation and
interpretation.
Features the Rule of Law Index | 17
Features of the Rule of Law Index
The WJP Rule of Law Index includes several features that set it apart from other
indices and make it useful for a large number of countries:
Rule of law in practice
The Index measures adherence to the rule of law by looking
at policy outcomes (such as whether people have access
to courts or whether crime is effectively controlled).
This stands in contrast to efforts that focus on the laws on
the books, or the institutional means by which a society
may seek to achieve these policy outcomes.
Comprehensive/Multi-dimensional
While other indices cover particular aspects of the rule of
law, such as absence of corruption or human rights, they do
not yield a full picture of rule of law compliance. The WJP
Rule of Law Index is the only global instrument that looks at
the rule of law comprehensively.
Perspective of the ordinary people
The WJP Rule of Law Index puts people at its core by
looking at a nation’s adherence to the rule of law
from the perspective of ordinary individuals who are
directly affected by the degree of adherence to the rule
of law in their societies. The Index examines practical,
everyday situations, such as whether people can
access public services and whether a dispute among
neighbors can be resolved peacefully and cost-effectively
by an independent adjudicator.
New data anchored in actual experiences
The Index is the only comprehensive set of indicators on the
rule of law that is based on primary data. The Index’s scores
are built from the assessments of local residents (1,000
respondents per country) and local legal experts, which
ensure that the findings reflect the conditions experienced
by the population, including marginalized sectors of society.
Culturally competent
The Index has been designed to be applied in countries
with vastly different social, cultural, economic, and political
systems. No society has ever attained — let alone sustained
— a perfect realization of the rule of law. Every nation
faces the perpetual challenge of building and renewing the
structures, institutions, and norms that can support
and sustain a rule of law culture.
Using the Rule of Law Index18 |
Using the WJP Rule of Law Index
The WJP Rule of Law Index has been designed to offer a reliable and independent
data source for policy makers, businesses, non-governmental organizations,
and other constituencies to assess a nation’s adherence to the rule of law
as perceived and experienced by the average person, identify a nation’s strengths
and weaknesses in comparison to similarly situated countries, and track changes
over time. The Index has been designed to include several features that set
it apart from other indices and make it valuable for a large number of countries,
thus providing a powerful resource that can inform policy debates both within and
across countries. However, the Index’s findings must be interpreted in light
of certain inherent limitations.
1.	 The WJP Rule of Law Index does not identify priorities for
reform and is not intended to establish causation or
to ascertain the complex relationship among different
rule of law dimensions in various countries.
2.	 The Index’s rankings and scores are the product of a
rigorous data collection and aggregation methodology.
Nonetheless, as with all measures, they are subject
to measurement error.
3.	 Given the uncertainty associated with picking a
particular sample of respondents, standard errors have
been calculated using bootstrapping methods to
test whether the annual changes in the factor scores
are statistically significant.
4.	 Indices and indicators are subject to potential abuse
and misinterpretation. Once released to the public,
they can take on a life of their own and be used
for purposes unanticipated by their creators. If data
are taken out of context, it can lead to unintended
or erroneous policy decisions.
5.	 Rule of law concepts measured by the Index may
have different meanings across countries. Users are
encouraged to consult the specific definitions
of the variables employed in the construction of the
Index, which are discussed in greater detail in the
"Methodology" section of the WJP Rule of Law Index
website.
6.	 The Index is generally intended to be used in combination
with other instruments, both quantitative and qualitative.
Just as in the areas of health or economics, no single
index conveys a full picture of a country’s situation.
Policymaking in the area of rule of law requires careful
consideration of all relevant dimensions – which
may vary from country to country – and a combination
of sources, instruments, and methods.
7.	 Pursuant to the sensitivity analysis of the Index data
conducted in collaboration with the Econometrics
and Applied Statistics Unit of the European
Commission’s Joint Research Centre, confidence
intervals have been calculated for all figures included
in the WJP Rule of Law Index. These confidence
intervals and other relevant considerations regarding
measurement error are reported in Saisana and Saltelli
(2015) and Botero and Ponce (2011).
Scores and Rankings
Rule of Law Around the World20 |
Rule of Law Around the World
The Rule of Law Index measures a country’s adherence to
the rule of law from the perspective of how ordinary people
experience it. The following pages in this section highlight
the overall rule of law scores and rankings for 113 countries
and jurisdictions, as well as scores and rankings by income,
region, and each of the eight aggregated factors of the
Index. This section also features an analysis of whether a
country’s primary rule of law factors experienced significant
change over the past year.
.91 - 1.00.0 - .10 .11 - .20 .21 - .30 .31 - .40 .41 - .50 .51 - .60 .61 - .70 .71 - .80 .81 - .90
Rule of Law Around the World | 21
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Denmark 0.89 1
Norway 0.88 2
Finland 0.87 3
Sweden 0.86 4
Netherlands 0.86 5
Germany 0.83 6
Austria 0.83 7
New Zealand 0.83 8
Singapore 0.82 9
United Kingdom 0.81 10
Australia 0.81 11
Canada 0.81 12
Belgium 0.79 13
Estonia 0.79 14
Japan 0.78 15
Hong Kong SAR, China 0.77 16
Czech Republic 0.75 17
United States 0.74 18
Republic of Korea 0.73 19
Uruguay 0.72 20
France 0.72 21
Poland 0.71 22
Portugal 0.71 23
Spain 0.70 24
Costa Rica 0.68 25
Chile 0.68 26
Slovenia 0.67 27
Barbados 0.67 28
Antigua & Barbuda 0.67 29
St. Kitts & Nevis 0.66 30
Grenada 0.66 31
Romania 0.66 32
United Arab Emirates 0.66 33
Georgia 0.65 34
Italy 0.64 35
St. Lucia 0.64 36
St. Vincent & the Grenadines 0.61 37
Bahamas 0.61 38
Croatia 0.61 39
Dominica 0.60 40
Greece 0.60 41
Jordan 0.59 42
South Africa 0.59 43
Ghana 0.58 44
Botswana 0.58 45
Senegal 0.57 46
Jamaica 0.57 47
Trinidad & Tobago 0.57 48
Hungary 0.57 49
Bosnia & Herzegovina 0.56 50
Argentina 0.55 51
Brazil 0.55 52
Bulgaria 0.54 53
Macedonia, FYR 0.54 54
Mongolia 0.54 55
Malaysia 0.54 56
Belarus 0.54 57
Tunisia 0.53 58
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Suriname 0.53 59
Morocco 0.53 60
Indonesia 0.52 61
Panama 0.52 62
Nepal 0.52 63
Thailand 0.51 64
Peru 0.51 65
India 0.51 66
Vietnam 0.51 67
Sri Lanka 0.51 68
Malawi 0.51 69
Philippines 0.51 70
Colombia 0.51 71
Albania 0.50 72
Kazakhstan 0.50 73
Serbia 0.50 74
El Salvador 0.49 75
Guyana 0.49 76
Moldova 0.49 77
Ukraine 0.49 78
Burkina Faso 0.48 79
China 0.48 80
Zambia 0.48 81
Belize 0.47 82
Kyrgyzstan 0.47 83
Tanzania 0.47 84
Dominican Republic 0.47 85
Iran 0.47 86
Cote d’Ivoire 0.46 87
Mexico 0.46 88
Lebanon 0.46 89
Madagascar 0.45 90
Ecuador 0.45 91
Russia 0.45 92
Uzbekistan 0.45 93
Liberia 0.45 94
Sierra Leone 0.45 95
Nigeria 0.44 96
Guatemala 0.44 97
Myanmar 0.43 98
Turkey 0.43 99
Kenya 0.43 100
Nicaragua 0.42 101
Honduras 0.42 102
Bangladesh 0.41 103
Bolivia 0.40 104
Uganda 0.39 105
Pakistan 0.38 106
Ethiopia 0.38 107
Zimbabwe 0.37 108
Cameroon 0.37 109
Egypt 0.37 110
Afghanistan 0.35 111
Cambodia 0.33 112
Venezuela 0.28 113
Rule of Law Around the World by Region22 |
Rule of Law Around the World By Region
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Georgia 0.65 34
Bosnia & Herzegovina 0.56 50
Macedonia, FYR 0.54 54
Belarus 0.54 57
Albania 0.50 72
Kazakhstan 0.50 73
Serbia 0.50 74
Moldova 0.49 77
Ukraine 0.49 78
Kyrgyzstan 0.47 83
Russia 0.45 92
Uzbekistan 0.45 93
Turkey 0.43 99
Eastern Europe & Central Asia
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
New Zealand 0.83 8
Singapore 0.82 9
Australia 0.81 11
Japan 0.78 15
Hong Kong SAR, China 0.77 16
Republic of Korea 0.73 19
Mongolia 0.54 55
Malaysia 0.54 56
Indonesia 0.52 61
Thailand 0.51 64
Vietnam 0.51 67
Philippines 0.51 70
China 0.48 80
Myanmar 0.43 98
Cambodia 0.33 112
East Asia & Pacific
.91 - 1.00.0 - .10 .11 - .20 .21 - .30 .31 - .40 .41 - .50 .51 - .60 .61 - .70 .71 - .80 .81 - .90
Rule of Law Around the World by Region | 23
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Uruguay 0.72 20
Costa Rica 0.68 25
Chile 0.68 26
Barbados 0.67 28
Antigua & Barbuda 0.67 29
St. Kitts & Nevis 0.66 30
Grenada 0.66 31
St. Lucia 0.64 36
St. Vincent & the Grenadines 0.61 37
Bahamas 0.61 38
Dominica 0.60 40
Jamaica 0.57 47
Trinidad & Tobago 0.57 48
Argentina 0.55 51
Brazil 0.55 52
Suriname 0.53 59
Panama 0.52 62
Peru 0.51 65
Colombia 0.51 71
El Salvador 0.49 75
Guyana 0.49 76
Belize 0.47 82
Dominican Republic 0.47 85
Mexico 0.46 88
Ecuador 0.45 91
Guatemala 0.44 97
Nicaragua 0.42 101
Honduras 0.42 102
Bolivia 0.40 104
Venezuela 0.28 113
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
South Africa 0.59 43
Ghana 0.58 44
Botswana 0.58 45
Senegal 0.57 46
Malawi 0.51 69
Burkina Faso 0.48 79
Zambia 0.48 81
Tanzania 0.47 84
Cote d’Ivoire 0.46 87
Madagascar 0.45 90
Liberia 0.45 94
Sierra Leone 0.45 95
Nigeria 0.44 96
Kenya 0.43 100
Uganda 0.39 105
Ethiopia 0.38 107
Zimbabwe 0.37 108
Cameroon 0.37 109
Sub-Saharan Africa
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
United Arab Emirates 0.66 33
Jordan 0.59 42
Tunisia 0.53 58
Morocco 0.53 60
Iran 0.47 86
Lebanon 0.46 89
Egypt 0.37 110
Middle East & North Africa
Latin America & Caribbean
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Denmark 0.89 1
Norway 0.88 2
Finland 0.87 3
Sweden 0.86 4
Netherlands 0.86 5
Germany 0.83 6
Austria 0.83 7
United Kingdom 0.81 10
Canada 0.81 12
Belgium 0.79 13
Estonia 0.79 14
Czech Republic 0.75 17
United States 0.74 18
France 0.72 21
Poland 0.71 22
Portugal 0.71 23
Spain 0.70 24
Slovenia 0.67 27
Romania 0.66 32
Italy 0.64 35
Croatia 0.61 39
Greece 0.60 41
Hungary 0.57 49
Bulgaria 0.54 53
EU, EFTA, & NA
South Asia
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Nepal 0.52 63
India 0.51 66
Sri Lanka 0.51 68
Bangladesh 0.41 103
Pakistan 0.38 106
Afghanistan 0.35 111
Rule of Law Around the World By Income24 |
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Ghana 0.58 44
Mongolia 0.54 55
Tunisia 0.53 58
Morocco 0.53 60
Indonesia 0.52 61
India 0.51 66
Vietnam 0.51 67
Sri Lanka 0.51 68
Philippines 0.51 70
El Salvador 0.49 75
Moldova 0.49 77
Ukraine 0.49 78
Zambia 0.48 81
Kyrgyzstan 0.47 83
Cote d’Ivoire 0.46 87
Uzbekistan 0.45 93
Nigeria 0.44 96
Guatemala 0.44 97
Myanmar 0.43 98
Lower Middle IncomeLow Income
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Senegal 0.57 46
Nepal 0.52 63
Malawi 0.51 69
Burkina Faso 0.48 79
Tanzania 0.47 84
Madagascar 0.45 90
Liberia 0.45 94
Sierra Leone 0.45 95
Uganda 0.39 105
Ethiopia 0.38 107
Zimbabwe 0.37 108
Afghanistan 0.35 111
Rule of Law Around the World By Income Group
.91 - 1.00.0 - .10 .11 - .20 .21 - .30 .31 - .40 .41 - .50 .51 - .60 .61 - .70 .71 - .80 .81 - .90
Rule of Law Around the World By Income | 25
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Denmark 0.89 1
Norway 0.88 2
Finland 0.87 3
Sweden 0.86 4
Netherlands 0.86 5
Germany 0.83 6
Austria 0.83 7
New Zealand 0.83 8
Singapore 0.82 9
United Kingdom 0.81 10
Australia 0.81 11
Canada 0.81 12
Belgium 0.79 13
Estonia 0.79 14
Japan 0.78 15
Hong Kong SAR, China 0.77 16
Czech Republic 0.75 17
United States 0.74 18
Republic of Korea 0.73 19
Uruguay 0.72 20
France 0.72 21
Poland 0.71 22
Portugal 0.71 23
Spain 0.70 24
Chile 0.68 26
Slovenia 0.67 27
Barbados 0.67 28
Antigua & Barbuda 0.67 29
St. Kitts & Nevis 0.66 30
United Arab Emirates 0.66 33
Italy 0.64 35
Bahamas 0.61 38
Croatia 0.61 39
Greece 0.60 41
Trinidad & Tobago 0.57 48
Hungary 0.57 49
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Kenya 0.43 100
Nicaragua 0.42 101
Honduras 0.42 102
Bangladesh 0.41 103
Bolivia 0.40 104
Pakistan 0.38 106
Cameroon 0.37 109
Egypt 0.37 110
Cambodia 0.33 112
Lower Middle Income High Income
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Costa Rica 0.68 25
Grenada 0.66 31
Romania 0.66 32
Georgia 0.65 34
St. Lucia 0.64 36
St. Vincent & the Grenadines 0.61 37
Dominica 0.60 40
Jordan 0.59 42
South Africa 0.59 43
Botswana 0.58 45
Jamaica 0.57 47
Bosnia & Herzegovina 0.56 50
Argentina 0.55 51
Brazil 0.55 52
Bulgaria 0.54 53
Macedonia, FYR 0.54 54
Malaysia 0.54 56
Belarus 0.54 57
Suriname 0.53 59
Panama 0.52 62
Thailand 0.51 64
Peru 0.51 65
Colombia 0.51 71
Albania 0.50 72
Kazakhstan 0.50 73
Serbia 0.50 74
Guyana 0.49 76
China 0.48 80
Belize 0.47 82
Dominican Republic 0.47 85
Iran 0.47 86
Mexico 0.46 88
Lebanon 0.46 89
Ecuador 0.45 91
Russia 0.45 92
Turkey 0.43 99
Venezuela 0.28 113
Upper Middle Income
The Eight Factors of the WJP Rule of Law Index26 |
Belarus
Tunisia
Suriname
Morocco
Indonesia
Panama
Nepal
Thailand
Peru
India
Vietnam
Sri Lanka
Malawi
Philippines
Colombia
Albania
Kazakhstan
Serbia
El Salvador
Guyana
Moldova
Ukraine
Burkina Faso
China
Zambia
Belize
Kyrgyzstan
Tanzania
Dominican Republic
Iran
Cote d'Ivoire
Mexico
Lebanon
Madagascar
Ecuador
Russia
Uzbekistan
Liberia
Sierra Leone
Nigeria
Guatemala
Myanmar
Turkey
Kenya
Nicaragua
Honduras
Bangladesh
Bolivia
Uganda
Pakistan
Ethiopia
Zimbabwe
Cameroon
Egypt
Afghanistan
Cambodia
Venezuela
Denmark
Norway
Finland
Sweden
Netherlands
Germany
Austria
New Zealand
Singapore
United Kingdom
Australia
Canada
Belgium
Estonia
Japan
Hong Kong SAR, China
Czech Republic
United States
Republic of Korea
Uruguay
France
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Costa Rica
Chile
Slovenia
Barbados
Antigua & Barbuda
St. Kitts & Nevis
Grenada
Romania
United Arab Emirates
Georgia
Italy
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & the Grenadines
Bahamas
Croatia
Dominica
Greece
Jordan
South Africa
Ghana
Botswana
Senegal
Jamaica
Trinidad & Tobago
Hungary
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Argentina
Brazil
Bulgaria
Macedonia, FYR
Mongolia
Malaysia
The Eight Factors of the WJP Rule of Law Index
The following chart presents country performance on the
eight aggregated factors of the WJP Rule of Law Index.
Top Tercile Bottom Tercile
Constraints on Government Powers
Order & Security Regulatory Enforcement
Civil Justice
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
Criminal Justice
Fundamental Rights
Rule of Law Trends | 27
Rule of Law Trends
Constraints on Government Powers
Order & Security Regulatory Enforcement
Civil Justice
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
Criminal Justice
Fundamental Rights
Lebanon
Liberia
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Morocco
Myanmar
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Norway
Pakistan
Panama
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Republic of Korea
Romania
Russia
Senegal
Serbia
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & the Grenadines
Suriname
Sweden
Tanzania
Thailand
Trinidad & Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Venezuela
Vietnam
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Albania
Antigua & Barbuda
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Bahamas
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Bolivia
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Botswana
Brazil
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Chile
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cote d’Ivoire
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Honduras
Hong Kong SAR, China
Hungary
India
Indonesia
Iran
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kyrgyzstan
Trending down Trending up
The WJP Rule of Law Index 2016 features analysis of whether
a country’s primary rule of law indicators experienced
significant change over the past year. An arrow pointing up
indicates a statistically significant improvement, while
an arrow pointing down represents a statistically significant
decline. A detailed explanation of these measures can be
found in the “Methodology” section of this report.
Factor 1: Constraints on Government Powers28 |
.91 - 1.00.0 - .10 .11 - .20 .21 - .30 .31 - .40 .41 - .50 .51 - .60 .61 - .70 .71 - .80 .81 - .90
Factor 1 measures the effectiveness of the institutional
checks on government power by the legislature, the
judiciary, and independent auditing and review agencies,
as well as the effectiveness of non-governmental oversight
by the media and civil society, which serve an important
role in monitoring government actions and holding officials
accountable. This factor also measures the extent to
which transitions of power occur in accordance with the
law and whether government officials are held accountable
for official misconduct.
Factor 1: Constraints on Government Powers
Factor 1: Constraints on Government Powers | 29
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Denmark 0.93 1
Norway 0.91 2
Finland 0.89 3
Netherlands 0.89 4
Sweden 0.88 5
New Zealand 0.86 6
Austria 0.86 7
United Kingdom 0.85 8
Germany 0.85 9
Canada 0.84 10
Australia 0.83 11
Belgium 0.83 12
United States 0.81 13
Portugal 0.80 14
Estonia 0.80 15
Uruguay 0.79 16
Costa Rica 0.78 17
France 0.77 18
Czech Republic 0.76 19
Singapore 0.75 20
Japan 0.74 21
Chile 0.73 22
Spain 0.70 23
Italy 0.70 24
Hong Kong SAR, China 0.70 25
Romania 0.69 26
Republic of Korea 0.68 27
Poland 0.68 28
Ghana 0.67 29
Senegal 0.67 30
St. Kitts & Nevis 0.67 31
Barbados 0.66 32
Indonesia 0.64 33
Jamaica 0.64 34
India 0.64 35
Greece 0.64 36
St. Lucia 0.64 37
Antigua & Barbuda 0.64 38
Tunisia 0.64 39
Nepal 0.63 40
Grenada 0.63 41
Peru 0.63 42
Georgia 0.62 43
Trinidad & Tobago 0.62 44
United Arab Emirates 0.61 45
Slovenia 0.61 46
South Africa 0.61 47
Brazil 0.61 48
Bahamas 0.60 49
Croatia 0.60 50
Philippines 0.59 51
Argentina 0.59 52
Morocco 0.57 53
St. Vincent & the Grenadines 0.57 54
Bosnia & Herzegovina 0.57 55
Dominica 0.57 56
Malawi 0.57 57
Liberia 0.56 58
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Panama 0.56 59
Botswana 0.55 60
Nigeria 0.54 61
Jordan 0.53 62
Colombia 0.53 63
Mongolia 0.53 64
Guatemala 0.53 65
Sri Lanka 0.53 66
Guyana 0.53 67
Albania 0.53 68
Suriname 0.52 69
Sierra Leone 0.52 70
Tanzania 0.52 71
Pakistan 0.52 72
Lebanon 0.51 73
El Salvador 0.51 74
Kyrgyzstan 0.50 75
Myanmar 0.50 76
Kenya 0.50 77
Malaysia 0.50 78
Zambia 0.50 79
Bulgaria 0.49 80
Vietnam 0.49 81
Thailand 0.47 82
Mexico 0.47 83
Serbia 0.46 84
Burkina Faso 0.46 85
Madagascar 0.46 86
Hungary 0.46 87
Ukraine 0.45 88
Cote d’Ivoire 0.45 89
Belize 0.45 90
Kazakhstan 0.44 91
Honduras 0.44 92
Dominican Republic 0.44 93
Iran 0.44 94
Moldova 0.43 95
Macedonia, FYR 0.43 96
Afghanistan 0.43 97
Bangladesh 0.43 98
Cameroon 0.41 99
Russia 0.40 100
Uganda 0.40 101
Bolivia 0.39 102
Ecuador 0.39 103
China 0.38 104
Belarus 0.36 105
Ethiopia 0.35 106
Nicaragua 0.32 107
Turkey 0.32 108
Cambodia 0.31 109
Egypt 0.31 110
Uzbekistan 0.30 111
Zimbabwe 0.26 112
Venezuela 0.18 113
Factor 2: Absence of Corruption30 |
.91 - 1.00.0 - .10 .11 - .20 .21 - .30 .31 - .40 .41 - .50 .51 - .60 .61 - .70 .71 - .80 .81 - .90
Factor 2 measures the absence of corruption in
government. The factor considers three forms of
corruption: bribery, improper influence by public or private
interests, and misappropriation of public funds or other
resources. These three forms of corruption are examined
with respect to government officers in the executive
branch, the judiciary, the military, police, and the legislature.
Factor 2: Absence of Corruption
Factor 2: Absence of Corruption | 31
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Denmark 0.96 1
Singapore 0.93 2
Norway 0.92 3
Finland 0.92 4
Sweden 0.91 5
New Zealand 0.90 6
Netherlands 0.88 7
Hong Kong SAR, China 0.85 8
Austria 0.84 9
Germany 0.84 10
Canada 0.83 11
Australia 0.83 12
Japan 0.83 13
United Kingdom 0.82 14
United Arab Emirates 0.80 15
Belgium 0.78 16
Estonia 0.78 17
Uruguay 0.77 18
France 0.74 19
United States 0.73 20
Poland 0.73 21
Georgia 0.73 22
Portugal 0.72 23
Barbados 0.70 24
Chile 0.70 25
Grenada 0.69 26
Costa Rica 0.69 27
Spain 0.69 28
St. Lucia 0.68 29
Czech Republic 0.68 30
St. Kitts & Nevis 0.68 31
St. Vincent & the Grenadines 0.67 32
Jordan 0.66 33
Antigua & Barbuda 0.66 34
Republic of Korea 0.65 35
Dominica 0.65 36
Bahamas 0.64 37
Botswana 0.62 38
Malaysia 0.61 39
Slovenia 0.60 40
Italy 0.60 41
Croatia 0.57 42
Suriname 0.56 43
Romania 0.55 44
South Africa 0.55 45
Greece 0.55 46
Jamaica 0.55 47
Senegal 0.55 48
Trinidad & Tobago 0.54 49
Morocco 0.54 50
Belarus 0.52 51
China 0.52 52
Hungary 0.51 53
Argentina 0.51 54
Macedonia, FYR 0.50 55
Philippines 0.48 56
Iran 0.48 57
Turkey 0.48 58
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Belize 0.48 59
Tunisia 0.47 60
Thailand 0.47 61
Guyana 0.46 62
Brazil 0.45 63
Sri Lanka 0.45 64
Panama 0.45 65
Egypt 0.45 66
Vietnam 0.45 67
Ethiopia 0.44 68
India 0.44 69
Myanmar 0.44 70
Kazakhstan 0.43 71
Bosnia & Herzegovina 0.43 72
El Salvador 0.42 73
Ecuador 0.42 74
Serbia 0.41 75
Ghana 0.41 76
Colombia 0.41 77
Russia 0.41 78
Bulgaria 0.41 79
Mongolia 0.41 80
Zambia 0.40 81
Tanzania 0.39 82
Nepal 0.38 83
Indonesia 0.38 84
Cote d’Ivoire 0.38 85
Burkina Faso 0.38 86
Nicaragua 0.37 87
Lebanon 0.36 88
Ukraine 0.36 89
Malawi 0.36 90
Peru 0.36 91
Honduras 0.36 92
Dominican Republic 0.34 93
Bangladesh 0.34 94
Guatemala 0.34 95
Uzbekistan 0.33 96
Pakistan 0.33 97
Albania 0.33 98
Mexico 0.32 99
Nigeria 0.30 100
Sierra Leone 0.30 101
Madagascar 0.30 102
Bolivia 0.29 103
Zimbabwe 0.29 104
Moldova 0.28 105
Kyrgyzstan 0.28 106
Uganda 0.27 107
Kenya 0.26 108
Liberia 0.26 109
Venezuela 0.25 110
Cambodia 0.24 111
Cameroon 0.24 112
Afghanistan 0.23 113
Factor 3: Open Government32 |
.91 - 1.00.0 - .10 .11 - .20 .21 - .30 .31 - .40 .41 - .50 .51 - .60 .61 - .70 .71 - .80 .81 - .90
Factor 3 measures whether basic laws and information in
legal rights are publicized, and assesses the quality of
information published by the government. It also measures
whether requests for information held by a government
agency are properly granted. Finally, it evaluates the
effectiveness of civic participation mechanisms and whether
people can bring specific complaints to the government.
Factor 3: Open Government
Factor 3: Open Government | 33
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Norway 0.87 1
Denmark 0.86 2
Finland 0.85 3
Netherlands 0.85 4
Sweden 0.84 5
New Zealand 0.84 6
United Kingdom 0.84 7
Estonia 0.81 8
Canada 0.80 9
Germany 0.79 10
Australia 0.78 11
United States 0.78 12
France 0.77 13
Austria 0.75 14
Belgium 0.73 15
Poland 0.72 16
Chile 0.72 17
Uruguay 0.70 18
Costa Rica 0.69 19
Czech Republic 0.69 20
Japan 0.68 21
Republic of Korea 0.68 22
Spain 0.68 23
Singapore 0.67 24
Romania 0.67 25
Portugal 0.67 26
Hong Kong SAR, China 0.66 27
India 0.66 28
Slovenia 0.66 29
Colombia 0.64 30
Georgia 0.63 31
Italy 0.63 32
Brazil 0.62 33
Mexico 0.61 34
South Africa 0.61 35
Croatia 0.59 36
Indonesia 0.58 37
Moldova 0.58 38
Jamaica 0.58 39
Bulgaria 0.58 40
Panama 0.58 41
Greece 0.57 42
Argentina 0.57 43
Serbia 0.56 44
Macedonia, FYR 0.56 45
Peru 0.56 46
Grenada 0.56 47
Trinidad & Tobago 0.55 48
Kyrgyzstan 0.55 49
Ukraine 0.55 50
Ghana 0.55 51
Nepal 0.54 52
Bosnia & Herzegovina 0.54 53
Dominican Republic 0.54 54
Hungary 0.52 55
Barbados 0.52 56
Thailand 0.52 57
Senegal 0.52 58
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
St. Lucia 0.52 59
Tunisia 0.51 60
El Salvador 0.51 61
Antigua & Barbuda 0.51 62
Philippines 0.51 63
Malawi 0.50 64
Dominica 0.50 65
Guatemala 0.49 66
Russia 0.49 67
Botswana 0.49 68
St. Vincent & the Grenadines 0.49 69
Kenya 0.49 70
Sri Lanka 0.48 71
Liberia 0.48 72
Kazakhstan 0.48 73
Mongolia 0.48 74
Guyana 0.47 75
Morocco 0.47 76
Honduras 0.46 77
St. Kitts & Nevis 0.46 78
Pakistan 0.46 79
Madagascar 0.46 80
Bahamas 0.45 81
Burkina Faso 0.45 82
Albania 0.45 83
Bangladesh 0.45 84
Ecuador 0.45 85
Suriname 0.45 86
Belize 0.45 87
Bolivia 0.44 88
China 0.44 89
Belarus 0.43 90
Zambia 0.43 91
Vietnam 0.43 92
Lebanon 0.43 93
Jordan 0.43 94
Nigeria 0.43 95
Turkey 0.42 96
Nicaragua 0.41 97
Sierra Leone 0.40 98
Afghanistan 0.40 99
Uganda 0.39 100
Tanzania 0.39 101
United Arab Emirates 0.39 102
Cote d’Ivoire 0.37 103
Cameroon 0.35 104
Malaysia 0.35 105
Iran 0.34 106
Myanmar 0.33 107
Venezuela 0.32 108
Uzbekistan 0.31 109
Zimbabwe 0.30 110
Ethiopia 0.27 111
Cambodia 0.24 112
Egypt 0.23 113
Factor 4: Fundamental Rights34 |
.91 - 1.00.0 - .10 .11 - .20 .21 - .30 .31 - .40 .41 - .50 .51 - .60 .61 - .70 .71 - .80 .81 - .90
Factor 4 measures the protection of fundamental human
rights, including effective enforcement of laws that
ensure equal protection, the right to life and security of
the person, due process of law and the rights of the
accused, freedom of opinion and expression, freedom of
belief and religion, the right to privacy, freedom of assembly
and association, and fundamental labor rights, including
the right to collective bargaining, the prohibition of forced
and child labor, and the elimination of discrimination.
Factor 4: Fundamental Rights
Factor 4: Fundamental Rights | 35
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Denmark 0.92 1
Finland 0.92 2
Norway 0.89 3
Austria 0.88 4
Sweden 0.88 5
Netherlands 0.86 6
Germany 0.85 7
Belgium 0.84 8
Canada 0.82 9
New Zealand 0.82 10
Czech Republic 0.81 11
United Kingdom 0.81 12
Australia 0.81 13
Uruguay 0.80 14
Estonia 0.80 15
Barbados 0.79 16
Costa Rica 0.79 17
Portugal 0.79 18
Slovenia 0.77 19
Spain 0.77 20
United States 0.75 21
Chile 0.75 22
Japan 0.75 23
France 0.75 24
Antigua & Barbuda 0.74 25
Poland 0.74 26
St. Kitts & Nevis 0.74 27
Romania 0.73 28
St. Lucia 0.73 29
Italy 0.72 30
St. Vincent & the Grenadines 0.71 31
Republic of Korea 0.70 32
Hong Kong SAR, China 0.70 33
Croatia 0.69 34
Argentina 0.69 35
Singapore 0.69 36
Dominica 0.68 37
Grenada 0.68 38
Georgia 0.68 39
Bahamas 0.67 40
Greece 0.65 41
Bosnia & Herzegovina 0.65 42
Ghana 0.65 43
Peru 0.64 44
Bulgaria 0.64 45
Jamaica 0.63 46
Ukraine 0.63 47
South Africa 0.63 48
Panama 0.63 49
Hungary 0.62 50
Senegal 0.62 51
Brazil 0.61 52
Trinidad & Tobago 0.61 53
Mongolia 0.60 54
Albania 0.60 55
Dominican Republic 0.60 56
Serbia 0.58 57
Malawi 0.58 58
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Moldova 0.58 59
El Salvador 0.57 60
Sierra Leone 0.57 61
Tunisia 0.57 62
Burkina Faso 0.56 63
Liberia 0.56 64
Colombia 0.55 65
Guatemala 0.55 66
Macedonia, FYR 0.54 67
Vietnam 0.54 68
Kyrgyzstan 0.54 69
Guyana 0.54 70
Suriname 0.53 71
Nepal 0.53 72
Sri Lanka 0.52 73
Indonesia 0.52 74
Mexico 0.51 75
Ecuador 0.51 76
Lebanon 0.51 77
Botswana 0.51 78
Belize 0.51 79
Bolivia 0.50 80
India 0.50 81
Jordan 0.50 82
Philippines 0.50 83
Madagascar 0.49 84
Belarus 0.48 85
Tanzania 0.48 86
Kenya 0.47 87
Thailand 0.47 88
Nigeria 0.46 89
United Arab Emirates 0.46 90
Morocco 0.45 91
Kazakhstan 0.45 92
Nicaragua 0.45 93
Cote d’Ivoire 0.45 94
Zambia 0.45 95
Honduras 0.44 96
Russia 0.44 97
Malaysia 0.44 98
Cameroon 0.43 99
Afghanistan 0.40 100
Pakistan 0.39 101
Uganda 0.39 102
Cambodia 0.39 103
Uzbekistan 0.36 104
Turkey 0.34 105
Bangladesh 0.34 106
Venezuela 0.33 107
China 0.32 108
Myanmar 0.30 109
Egypt 0.29 110
Ethiopia 0.29 111
Iran 0.29 112
Zimbabwe 0.28 113
Factor 5: Order & Security36 |
.91 - 1.00.0 - .10 .11 - .20 .21 - .30 .31 - .40 .41 - .50 .51 - .60 .61 - .70 .71 - .80 .81 - .90
Factor 5 measures various threats to order and security
including conventional crime, political violence, and violence
as a means to redress personal grievances.
Factor 5: Order & Security
Factor 5: Order & Security | 37
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Singapore 0.93 1
Finland 0.93 2
Sweden 0.92 3
Denmark 0.92 4
Uzbekistan 0.91 5
Canada 0.91 6
Austria 0.90 7
Norway 0.90 8
Japan 0.90 9
Czech Republic 0.89 10
Hong Kong SAR, China 0.89 11
United Arab Emirates 0.89 12
Australia 0.87 13
Germany 0.87 14
New Zealand 0.86 15
Hungary 0.86 16
United Kingdom 0.85 17
Estonia 0.85 18
Poland 0.85 19
Netherlands 0.85 20
Belgium 0.84 21
Romania 0.84 22
Republic of Korea 0.83 23
Slovenia 0.83 24
Croatia 0.82 25
Malaysia 0.82 26
St. Kitts & Nevis 0.82 27
Antigua & Barbuda 0.82 28
Belarus 0.81 29
Moldova 0.81 30
United States 0.80 31
Mongolia 0.79 32
Grenada 0.79 33
Jordan 0.79 34
Vietnam 0.79 35
Spain 0.79 36
Georgia 0.78 37
Barbados 0.78 38
Portugal 0.77 39
Kazakhstan 0.76 40
China 0.76 41
Albania 0.75 42
Greece 0.75 43
Dominica 0.75 44
St. Vincent & the Grenadines 0.75 45
Kyrgyzstan 0.75 46
Bulgaria 0.74 47
Macedonia, FYR 0.74 48
Nepal 0.74 49
Morocco 0.73 50
Madagascar 0.73 51
Uruguay 0.73 52
Myanmar 0.73 53
Serbia 0.73 54
Indonesia 0.73 55
Bahamas 0.72 56
St. Lucia 0.72 57
Italy 0.72 58
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Iran 0.72 59
Botswana 0.71 60
Cote d’Ivoire 0.71 61
Ghana 0.70 62
Bosnia & Herzegovina 0.70 63
Thailand 0.70 64
Belize 0.70 65
Costa Rica 0.68 66
Chile 0.68 67
Sri Lanka 0.68 68
Burkina Faso 0.67 69
Zambia 0.67 70
Zimbabwe 0.67 71
Trinidad & Tobago 0.67 72
Panama 0.67 73
Senegal 0.67 74
Brazil 0.67 75
Ethiopia 0.67 76
Philippines 0.67 77
Sierra Leone 0.66 78
Nicaragua 0.66 79
Ukraine 0.65 80
Cambodia 0.65 81
Tanzania 0.64 82
Lebanon 0.64 83
Peru 0.64 84
Suriname 0.64 85
Jamaica 0.64 86
Guyana 0.64 87
Tunisia 0.63 88
France 0.63 89
El Salvador 0.63 90
South Africa 0.63 91
Malawi 0.62 92
Argentina 0.62 93
Mexico 0.61 94
Dominican Republic 0.61 95
Liberia 0.61 96
Ecuador 0.60 97
Turkey 0.59 98
Guatemala 0.59 99
Bangladesh 0.58 100
Bolivia 0.58 101
Russia 0.56 102
Honduras 0.56 103
India 0.56 104
Uganda 0.56 105
Colombia 0.55 106
Kenya 0.51 107
Egypt 0.49 108
Nigeria 0.48 109
Venezuela 0.48 110
Cameroon 0.47 111
Afghanistan 0.34 112
Pakistan 0.29 113
Factor 6: Regulatory Enforcement38 |
.91 - 1.00.0 - .10 .11 - .20 .21 - .30 .31 - .40 .41 - .50 .51 - .60 .61 - .70 .71 - .80 .81 - .90
Factor 6 measures the extent to which regulations are
effectively implemented and enforced without improper
influence by public officials or private interests. It also
includes whether administrative proceedings are conducted
in a timely manner without unreasonable delays and
whether due process is respected in administrative
proceedings. This factor also addresses whether
the government respects the property rights of
people and corporations.
Factor 6: Regulatory Enforcement
Factor 6: Regulatory Enforcement | 39
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Singapore 0.90 1
Netherlands 0.88 2
Norway 0.86 3
Sweden 0.85 4
Germany 0.85 5
Denmark 0.85 6
Finland 0.83 7
New Zealand 0.82 8
Australia 0.82 9
Japan 0.82 10
Austria 0.80 11
Hong Kong SAR, China 0.80 12
Canada 0.79 13
United Kingdom 0.79 14
Estonia 0.78 15
Belgium 0.77 16
Republic of Korea 0.75 17
France 0.72 18
United States 0.71 19
Uruguay 0.69 20
United Arab Emirates 0.68 21
Czech Republic 0.68 22
Costa Rica 0.67 23
Spain 0.67 24
St. Kitts & Nevis 0.66 25
Chile 0.66 26
Poland 0.62 27
Georgia 0.62 28
Slovenia 0.62 29
Barbados 0.61 30
Portugal 0.60 31
Botswana 0.59 32
Jordan 0.58 33
Grenada 0.58 34
Italy 0.57 35
Romania 0.57 36
St. Lucia 0.56 37
Senegal 0.56 38
Ghana 0.56 39
Greece 0.56 40
Morocco 0.54 41
Brazil 0.54 42
Trinidad & Tobago 0.54 43
St. Vincent & the Grenadines 0.54 44
South Africa 0.54 45
Antigua & Barbuda 0.54 46
Jamaica 0.54 47
Belarus 0.53 48
Panama 0.52 49
Dominica 0.52 50
Colombia 0.52 51
Bulgaria 0.51 52
Indonesia 0.51 53
Hungary 0.51 54
Philippines 0.51 55
Thailand 0.50 56
Kazakhstan 0.50 57
Sri Lanka 0.50 58
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Bosnia & Herzegovina 0.50 59
Iran 0.50 60
Croatia 0.50 61
Peru 0.50 62
El Salvador 0.50 63
Tunisia 0.49 64
Cote d’Ivoire 0.49 65
Guyana 0.48 66
Nepal 0.48 67
Argentina 0.47 68
Bahamas 0.47 69
Macedonia, FYR 0.47 70
Russia 0.47 71
Mongolia 0.47 72
Suriname 0.47 73
Malaysia 0.47 74
Nicaragua 0.46 75
Ecuador 0.46 76
India 0.46 77
Serbia 0.46 78
Malawi 0.45 79
China 0.45 80
Uzbekistan 0.45 81
Burkina Faso 0.45 82
Zambia 0.45 83
Turkey 0.44 84
Mexico 0.44 85
Albania 0.44 86
Myanmar 0.44 87
Belize 0.43 88
Nigeria 0.43 89
Bolivia 0.43 90
Vietnam 0.43 91
Kenya 0.43 92
Tanzania 0.42 93
Honduras 0.41 94
Dominican Republic 0.41 95
Lebanon 0.41 96
Moldova 0.41 97
Liberia 0.41 98
Bangladesh 0.40 99
Ukraine 0.40 100
Guatemala 0.39 101
Madagascar 0.38 102
Cameroon 0.38 103
Kyrgyzstan 0.38 104
Uganda 0.37 105
Afghanistan 0.36 106
Sierra Leone 0.35 107
Zimbabwe 0.35 108
Pakistan 0.34 109
Egypt 0.33 110
Ethiopia 0.31 111
Cambodia 0.28 112
Venezuela 0.21 113
Factor 7: Civil Justice40 |
.91 - 1.00.0 - .10 .11 - .20 .21 - .30 .31 - .40 .41 - .50 .51 - .60 .61 - .70 .71 - .80 .81 - .90
Factor 7 measures whether civil justice systems are
accessible and affordable, free of discrimination,
corruption, and improper influence by public officials.
It examines whether court proceedings are conducted
without unreasonable delays, and if decisions are enforced
effectively. It also measures the accessibility,
impartiality, and effectiveness of alternative dispute
resolution mechanisms.
Factor 7: Civil Justice
Factor 7: Civil Justice | 41
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Netherlands 0.88 1
Germany 0.86 2
Norway 0.85 3
Singapore 0.85 4
Denmark 0.84 5
Japan 0.82 6
Sweden 0.81 7
Republic of Korea 0.81 8
Austria 0.80 9
Finland 0.80 10
New Zealand 0.78 11
Hong Kong SAR, China 0.77 12
Estonia 0.77 13
Australia 0.77 14
Belgium 0.76 15
United Kingdom 0.75 16
Uruguay 0.73 17
Czech Republic 0.73 18
Canada 0.72 19
Grenada 0.72 20
Antigua and Barbuda 0.72 21
St. Kitts and Nevis 0.71 22
France 0.71 23
Barbados 0.68 24
United Arab Emirates 0.68 25
Portugal 0.66 26
Poland 0.66 27
United States 0.65 28
Spain 0.65 29
Belarus 0.65 30
Romania 0.65 31
Chile 0.64 32
Slovenia 0.64 33
St. Lucia 0.63 34
Jordan 0.63 35
Botswana 0.62 36
Bahamas 0.62 37
Costa Rica 0.62 38
Georgia 0.61 39
Dominica 0.61 40
Ghana 0.61 41
Trinidad and Tobago 0.61 42
South Africa 0.61 43
Greece 0.57 44
Bulgaria 0.57 45
Italy 0.57 46
Senegal 0.57 47
Argentina 0.57 48
Malaysia 0.56 49
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.56 50
Macedonia, FYR 0.56 51
Iran 0.55 52
Kazakhstan 0.55 53
Jamaica 0.54 54
Mongolia 0.54 55
Malawi 0.54 56
Morocco 0.53 57
Brazil 0.53 58
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Thailand 0.53 59
Croatia 0.53 60
Hungary 0.52 61
China 0.52 62
Russia 0.52 63
Uzbekistan 0.51 64
Suriname 0.51 65
Cote d’Ivoire 0.51 66
Zambia 0.50 67
Tanzania 0.50 68
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.50 69
Colombia 0.50 70
Tunisia 0.49 71
Panama 0.48 72
Guyana 0.48 73
Albania 0.48 74
Nigeria 0.48 75
El Salvador 0.48 76
Lebanon 0.48 77
Ukraine 0.47 78
Belize 0.47 79
Vietnam 0.47 80
Burkina Faso 0.47 81
Moldova 0.46 82
Serbia 0.46 83
Zimbabwe 0.46 84
Dominican Republic 0.46 85
Turkey 0.46 86
Philippines 0.45 87
Liberia 0.45 88
Ecuador 0.44 89
Peru 0.44 90
Kenya 0.43 91
Indonesia 0.43 92
India 0.43 93
Kyrgyzstan 0.43 94
Honduras 0.43 95
Sri Lanka 0.42 96
Uganda 0.42 97
Myanmar 0.42 98
Nepal 0.41 99
Madagascar 0.41 100
Mexico 0.41 101
Sierra Leone 0.40 102
Bangladesh 0.39 103
Egypt 0.38 104
Ethiopia 0.37 105
Pakistan 0.37 106
Nicaragua 0.37 107
Bolivia 0.35 108
Cameroon 0.35 109
Afghanistan 0.34 110
Guatemala 0.33 111
Venezuela 0.29 112
Cambodia 0.19 113
Factor 8: Criminal Justice42 |
.91 - 1.00.0 - .10 .11 - .20 .21 - .30 .31 - .40 .41 - .50 .51 - .60 .61 - .70 .71 - .80 .81 - .90
Factor 8 measures whether the criminal investigation,
adjudication, and correctional systems are effective, and
whether the criminal justice system is impartial, free
of corruption, free of improper influence, and protective of
due process and the rights of the accused.
Factor 8: Criminal Justice
Factor 8: Criminal Justice | 43
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Finland 0.85 1
Norway 0.83 2
Austria 0.83 3
Singapore 0.83 4
Denmark 0.82 5
Hong Kong SAR, China 0.80 6
Netherlands 0.80 7
Sweden 0.79 8
Germany 0.77 9
United Kingdom 0.76 10
Belgium 0.76 11
Australia 0.75 12
New Zealand 0.75 13
United Arab Emirates 0.74 14
Canada 0.74 15
Czech Republic 0.73 16
Republic of Korea 0.71 17
Antigua and Barbuda 0.70 18
Estonia 0.70 19
Poland 0.69 20
Japan 0.68 21
United States 0.68 22
Bahamas 0.68 23
Portugal 0.67 24
Slovenia 0.66 25
Grenada 0.65 26
France 0.65 27
St. Lucia 0.64 28
Italy 0.64 29
Spain 0.63 30
St. Vincent & the Grenadines 0.62 31
Barbados 0.61 32
Jordan 0.59 33
Uruguay 0.58 34
Romania 0.58 35
St. Kitts and Nevis 0.58 36
Chile 0.58 37
Georgia 0.56 38
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.56 39
Dominica 0.56 40
Malaysia 0.56 41
Costa Rica 0.55 42
Hungary 0.54 43
Suriname 0.54 44
Croatia 0.54 45
South Africa 0.52 46
Botswana 0.52 47
Macedonia, FYR 0.51 48
Belarus 0.51 49
Greece 0.51 50
Vietnam 0.50 51
Sri Lanka 0.49 52
Mongolia 0.48 53
Ghana 0.47 54
China 0.47 55
Tunisia 0.46 56
Albania 0.46 57
Jamaica 0.45 58
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
SCORE
GLOBAL
RANKING
Thailand 0.45 59
Nepal 0.44 60
Malawi 0.44 61
Uzbekistan 0.44 62
Egypt 0.43 63
Burkina Faso 0.43 64
Iran 0.43 65
Senegal 0.43 66
Argentina 0.43 67
Nigeria 0.42 68
Zambia 0.42 69
Bulgaria 0.41 70
India 0.41 71
Tanzania 0.41 72
Kazakhstan 0.41 73
Trinidad and Tobago 0.40 74
Turkey 0.40 75
Madagascar 0.40 76
Ukraine 0.40 77
Brazil 0.39 78
Moldova 0.38 79
Indonesia 0.38 80
Pakistan 0.38 81
Morocco 0.37 82
Cote d’Ivoire 0.37 83
Philippines 0.36 84
Zimbabwe 0.36 85
Ecuador 0.36 86
Sierra Leone 0.36 87
Kenya 0.35 88
Guyana 0.35 89
Peru 0.34 90
Colombia 0.34 91
Serbia 0.34 92
Uganda 0.34 93
Dominican Republic 0.34 94
El Salvador 0.34 95
Kyrgyzstan 0.33 96
Bangladesh 0.33 97
Russia 0.33 98
Ethiopia 0.33 99
Belize 0.32 100
Myanmar 0.32 101
Nicaragua 0.32 102
Lebanon 0.31 103
Cambodia 0.30 104
Cameroon 0.30 105
Guatemala 0.29 106
Panama 0.29 107
Mexico 0.29 108
Afghanistan 0.28 109
Liberia 0.26 110
Honduras 0.25 111
Bolivia 0.24 112
Venezuela 0.13 113
Country Profiles
CountryProfiles46 |
0.66 32/1133/3719/24
Romania Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
0.69 18/24 2/37 26/113
0.58 20/24 5/37 35/113
0.65 18/24 3/37 31/113
0.57 20/24 6/37 36/113
0.84 15/24 1/37 22/113
0.73 19/24 2/37 28/113
0.67 17/24 2/37 25/113
0.55 21/24 11/37 44/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Romania EU & EFTA & North America Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
1.1 Limits by legislature
1.2 Limits by judiciary
0.74
0.66
7.1 Accessibility and
7.2
0.54
0.72
Fundamental Rights
4.1 Equal treatment /
4.2 Right to life and security
0.72
0.84
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Civil
Order and
Security
Absence of
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
0...5
How to Read the Country Profiles
This section presents profiles for the 113 countries and
jurisdictions included in the WJP Rule of Law Index 2016
report. Each country profile presents the featured country’s
scores for each of the WJP Rule of Law Index’s factors
and sub-factors, and draws comparisons between
the scores of the featured country and the scores of other
1.	 Displays the country’s disaggregated scores for each
of the sub-factors that compose the WJP Rule of Law
Index. Each of the 44 sub-factors is represented by
a gray line drawn from the center to the periphery of the
circle. The center of the circle corresponds to the worst
possible score for each sub-factor (0), and the outer
edge of the circle marks the best possible score for each
sub-factor (1).
The featured country’s scores are shown in purple. The
average score of the country’s region is represented with
a yellow line. The average score of the country’s income
group is represented with a green line.
2.	 Displays the country’s overall rule of law score, along with
its overall global, income and regional ranks. The overall
rule of law score is calculated by taking the simple average
of the eight individual factors listed in the table
in Section 3 of the country profile.
3.	 Displays the featured country’s individual factor scores,
along with the global, regional and income group rankings.
The distribution of scores for the global rank, regional
rank, and income rank is spread amongst three tiers —
high, medium, and low as indicated by the color of the
box in which the score is found.
It also features upward and downward arrows to illustrate
whether the rule of law in a country changed in the
past year. Further information about the statistical
procedure to construct these arrows can be found in
the “Methodology” section of this report.
4.	 Presents the individual sub-factor scores underlying each
of the factors listed in Section 3 of the country profile.
The featured country’s score is represented by the purple
bar and labeled at the end of the bar. The average score
of the country’s region is represented by the yellow
line. The average score of the country’s income group is
represented by the green line. Each sub-factor score is
scaled between 0 and 1, where 1 is the highest score and
0 is the lowest score.
indexed countries that share regional and income level
similarities. The scores range between 0 and 1, where 1
signifies the highest score (high rule of law adherence) and
0 signifies the lowest score (low rule of law adherence). The
country profiles consist of four sections, outlined below.
3.
4.
2.
1.
Section 1Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
0.35 111/11312/126/6
Afghanistan Income Group: Low Income
Region: South Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.43 5/6 9/12 97/113
0.28 6/6 11/12 109/113
0.34 6/6 12/12 110/113
0.36 5/6 9/12 106/113
0.34 5/6 12/12 112/113
0.40 4/6 9/12 100/113
0.40 6/6 8/12 99/113
0.23 6/6 12/12 113/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Afghanistan South Asia Low Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.34
0.07
0.37
0.15
0.35
0.31
0.55
0.37
0.60
0.33
0.38
0.31
0.58
0.36
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2 Timely and effective
adjudication
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.40
0.29
0.06
0.30
0.39
0.56
0.38
0.35
0.37
0.25
0.18
0.23
0.25
0.30
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.56
0.08
0.38
0.35
0.29
0.30
0.58
0.43
0.29
0.60
0.34
0.33
0.34
0.44
0.22
0.46
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
CountryProfiles | 47
0.50 72/11324/375/13
Albania Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.53 3/13 19/37 68/113
0.46 5/13 17/37 57/113
0.48 8/13 28/37 74/113
0.44 10/13 33/37 86/113
0.75 6/13 9/37 42/113
0.60 4/13 16/37 55/113
0.45 10/13 26/37 83/113
0.33 11/13 35/37 98/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Albania Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.35
0.27
0.53
0.16
0.49
0.46
0.47
0.38
0.66
0.32
0.64
0.42
0.56
0.56
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2 Timely and effective
adjudication
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.53
0.54
0.21
0.38
0.47
0.54
0.69
0.43
0.49
0.41
0.57
0.35
0.36
0.60
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.82
1.00
0.43
0.56
0.67
0.60
0.56
0.85
0.56
0.56
0.45
0.43
0.39
0.50
0.41
0.45
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
CountryProfiles48 |
0.67 29/11328/365/30
Antigua & Barbuda Income Group: High Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.64 8/30 30/36 38/113
0.70 1/30 18/36 18/113
0.72 3/30 20/36 21/113
0.54 11/30 33/36 46/113
0.82 2/30 25/36 28/113
0.74 5/30 24/36 25/113
0.51 17/30 33/36 62/113
0.66 9/30 28/36 34/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Antigua & Barbuda Latin America & Caribbean High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.61
0.92
0.78
0.32
0.27
0.60
0.60
0.57
0.66
0.74
0.55
0.58
0.59
0.71
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.71
0.81
0.88
0.73
0.60
0.52
0.78
0.58
0.55
0.75
0.77
0.78
0.78
0.72
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.79
1.00
0.66
0.78
0.91
0.72
0.59
0.61
0.83
0.65
0.85
0.45
0.78
0.45
0.51
0.50
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 49
0.55 51/11313/3714/30
Argentina Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.59 14/30 10/37 52/113
0.43 14/30 21/37 67/113
0.57 12/30 12/37 48/113
0.47 19/30 23/37 68/113
0.62 22/30 30/37 93/113
0.69 9/30 5/37 35/113
0.57 9/30 11/37 43/113
0.51 15/30 16/37 54/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Argentina Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.50
0.63
0.58
0.31
0.49
0.50
0.70
0.58
0.61
0.45
0.63
0.34
0.73
0.75
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.68
0.67
0.58
0.45
0.27
0.58
0.74
0.30
0.38
0.33
0.50
0.49
0.38
0.61
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.55
1.00
0.30
0.63
0.75
0.61
0.73
0.75
0.65
0.78
0.66
0.43
0.57
0.43
0.43
0.50
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles50 |
0.81 11/11311/363/15
Australia Income Group: High Income
Region: East Asia & Pacific
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.83 2/15 11/36 11/113
0.75 3/15 12/36 12/113
0.77 6/15 14/36 14/113
0.82 3/15 9/36 9/113
0.87 4/15 12/36 13/113
0.81 2/15 13/36 13/113
0.78 2/15 11/36 11/113
0.83 4/15 12/36 12/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Australia East Asia & Pacific High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.80
0.93
0.91
0.66
0.82
0.65
0.82
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.77
0.80
0.83
0.94
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.57
0.65
0.89
0.90
0.64
0.82
0.89
0.69
0.76
0.70
0.51
0.85
0.95
0.80
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.90
1.00
0.71
0.65
0.91
0.80
0.83
0.84
0.84
0.87
0.71
0.73
0.89
0.77
0.85
0.88
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 51
0.83 7/1137/367/24
Austria Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.86 6/24 7/36 7/113
0.83 3/24 3/36 3/113
0.80 6/24 9/36 9/113
0.80 7/24 11/36 11/113
0.90 5/24 6/36 7/113
0.88 4/24 4/36 4/113
0.75 12/24 14/36 14/113
0.84 6/24 9/36 9/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Austria EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.83
0.95
0.92
0.66
0.73
0.68
0.88
0.73
0.83
0.84
0.81
0.81
0.89
0.96
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.65
0.81
0.89
0.87
0.79
0.89
0.72
0.68
0.90
0.87
0.69
0.89
0.92
0.87
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.92
1.00
0.79
0.71
0.96
0.87
0.89
0.88
0.98
0.93
0.82
0.84
0.89
0.68
0.80
0.80
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles52 |
0.61 38/11332/3610/30
Bahamas Income Group: High Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.60 13/30 34/36 49/113
0.68 2/30 23/36 23/113
0.62 8/30 31/36 37/113
0.47 20/30 36/36 69/113
0.72 8/30 32/36 56/113
0.67 12/30 32/36 40/113
0.45 24/30 35/36 81/113
0.64 11/30 30/36 37/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Bahamas Latin America & Caribbean High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.64
0.77
0.84
0.32
0.31
0.48
0.66
0.37
0.64
0.64
0.52
0.45
0.66
0.71
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.60
0.60
0.73
0.56
0.54
0.53
0.78
0.53
0.59
0.72
0.65
0.80
0.81
0.62
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.72
1.00
0.45
0.60
0.82
0.62
0.66
0.68
0.64
0.71
0.60
0.39
0.63
0.41
0.42
0.52
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 53
0.41 103/11323/284/6
Bangladesh Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: South Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.43 6/6 22/28 98/113
0.33 5/6 21/28 97/113
0.39 4/6 21/28 103/113
0.40 4/6 21/28 99/113
0.58 3/6 20/28 100/113
0.34 6/6 26/28 106/113
0.45 5/6 17/28 84/113
0.34 4/6 18/28 94/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Bangladesh South Asia Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.42
0.32
0.27
0.36
0.40
0.53
0.36
0.51
0.55
0.49
0.46
0.36
0.31
0.40
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.41
0.37
0.33
0.39
0.30
0.46
0.50
0.36
0.44
0.33
0.29
0.34
0.28
0.28
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.78
0.75
0.23
0.47
0.19
0.28
0.31
0.45
0.14
0.37
0.48
0.47
0.43
0.33
0.22
0.58
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles54 |
0.67 28/11327/364/30
Barbados Income Group: High Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.66 5/30 28/36 32/113
0.61 6/30 29/36 32/113
0.68 5/30 23/36 24/113
0.61 5/30 28/36 30/113
0.78 4/30 28/36 38/113
0.79 2/30 16/36 16/113
0.52 14/30 32/36 56/113
0.70 2/30 23/36 24/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Barbados Latin America & Caribbean High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.67
0.92
0.81
0.41
0.26
0.55
0.74
0.54
0.74
0.75
0.52
0.46
0.72
0.75
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.74
0.79
0.88
0.77
0.40
0.49
0.67
0.54
0.43
0.63
0.43
0.78
0.81
0.63
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.91
1.00
0.42
0.75
0.91
0.63
0.72
0.88
0.87
0.82
0.77
0.57
0.78
0.34
0.66
0.72
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 55
0.54 57/11318/374/13
Belarus Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.36 11/13 35/37 105/113
0.51 4/13 15/37 49/113
0.65 1/13 2/37 30/113
0.53 2/13 12/37 48/113
0.81 2/13 3/37 29/113
0.48 9/13 29/37 85/113
0.43 11/13 31/37 90/113
0.52 2/13 14/37 51/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Belarus Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.48
0.60
0.62
0.36
0.42
0.46
0.34
0.52
0.27
0.32
0.46
0.53
0.25
0.34
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.54
0.74
0.61
0.34
0.88
0.70
0.72
0.53
0.68
0.43
0.66
0.50
0.28
0.49
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.90
1.00
0.54
0.77
0.50
0.49
0.25
0.63
0.33
0.36
0.54
0.63
0.54
0.69
0.43
0.37
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles56 |
0.79 13/11313/3610/24
Belgium Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.83 10/24 12/36 12/113
0.76 9/24 11/36 11/113
0.76 9/24 15/36 15/113
0.77 11/24 16/36 16/113
0.84 14/24 20/36 21/113
0.84 8/24 8/36 8/113
0.73 13/24 15/36 15/113
0.78 10/24 16/36 16/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Belgium EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.74
0.91
0.89
0.58
0.63
0.70
0.83
0.77
0.83
0.80
0.85
0.77
0.81
0.91
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.71
0.78
0.85
0.84
0.52
0.78
0.84
0.64
0.75
0.59
0.72
0.84
0.91
0.84
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.85
1.00
0.68
0.76
0.98
0.84
0.81
0.80
0.89
0.86
0.79
0.73
0.86
0.62
0.74
0.91
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 57
0.47 82/11329/3722/30
Belize Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.45 24/30 27/37 90/113
0.32 23/30 33/37 100/113
0.47 21/30 30/37 79/113
0.43 25/30 34/37 88/113
0.70 10/30 20/37 65/113
0.51 26/30 27/37 79/113
0.45 27/30 29/37 87/113
0.48 16/30 20/37 59/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Belize Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.44
0.55
0.55
0.37
0.33
0.33
0.54
0.57
0.50
0.46
0.32
0.20
0.56
0.66
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.49
0.39
0.57
0.43
0.33
0.45
0.61
0.31
0.34
0.25
0.22
0.51
0.30
0.32
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.65
1.00
0.44
0.41
0.49
0.32
0.56
0.53
0.44
0.58
0.72
0.41
0.56
0.34
0.34
0.52
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles58 |
0.40 104/11324/2829/30
Bolivia Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.39 27/30 24/28 102/113
0.24 29/30 28/28 112/113
0.35 28/30 25/28 108/113
0.43 26/30 16/28 90/113
0.58 27/30 21/28 101/113
0.5 27/30 12/28 80/113
0.44 28/30 18/28 88/113
0.29 29/30 23/28 103/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Bolivia Latin America & Caribbean Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.38
0.21
0.27
0.29
0.32
0.43
0.50
0.51
0.36
0.26
0.44
0.35
0.48
0.46
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.46
0.38
0.21
0.23
0.20
0.33
0.61
0.27
0.17
0.21
0.29
0.22
0.13
0.41
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.55
1.00
0.19
0.40
0.55
0.41
0.48
0.68
0.42
0.56
0.51
0.43
0.45
0.49
0.33
0.44
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 59
0.56 50/11312/372/13
Bosnia & Herzegovina Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.57 2/13 12/37 55/113
0.56 2/13 7/37 39/113
0.50 7/13 24/37 69/113
0.50 4/13 19/37 59/113
0.70 10/13 18/37 63/113
0.65 2/13 9/37 42/113
0.54 7/13 16/37 53/113
0.43 6/13 26/37 72/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Bosnia & Herzegovina Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.39
0.55
0.54
0.23
0.41
0.58
0.59
0.58
0.64
0.57
0.54
0.43
0.60
0.63
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.54
0.65
0.56
0.48
0.32
0.31
0.64
0.55
0.61
0.43
0.66
0.53
0.45
0.70
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.81
1.00
0.30
0.57
0.77
0.70
0.60
0.63
0.61
0.68
0.66
0.47
0.39
0.52
0.49
0.63
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles60 |
0.58 45/11310/373/18
Botswana Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.55 6/18 15/37 60/113
0.52 2/18 13/37 47/113
0.62 1/18 6/37 36/113
0.59 1/18 3/37 32/113
0.71 2/18 17/37 60/113
0.51 8/18 26/37 78/113
0.49 5/18 22/37 68/113
0.62 1/18 8/37 38/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.58
0.75
0.73
0.41
0.28
0.59
0.57
0.53
0.57
0.63
0.42
0.49
0.50
0.70
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.47
0.61
0.74
0.66
0.52
0.62
0.72
0.45
0.46
0.48
0.50
0.72
0.55
0.47
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.65
1.00
0.48
0.61
0.46
0.47
0.50
0.61
0.31
0.63
0.46
0.51
0.68
0.42
0.57
0.77
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 61
0.55 52/11314/3715/30
Brazil Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.61 12/30 9/37 48/113
0.39 16/30 25/37 78/113
0.53 15/30 19/37 58/113
0.54 8/30 8/37 42/113
0.67 15/30 23/37 75/113
0.61 16/30 15/37 52/113
0.62 5/30 5/37 33/113
0.45 18/30 23/37 63/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Brazil Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.40
0.66
0.60
0.16
0.68
0.57
0.64
0.61
0.74
0.61
0.52
0.36
0.68
0.72
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.59
0.63
0.62
0.62
0.22
0.40
0.62
0.31
0.41
0.20
0.21
0.55
0.68
0.38
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.56
1.00
0.45
0.60
0.57
0.38
0.68
0.70
0.62
0.69
0.66
0.54
0.61
0.35
0.61
0.61
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles62 |
0.54 53/11315/3724/24
Bulgaria Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.49 23/24 23/37 80/113
0.41 24/24 22/37 70/113
0.57 21/24 11/37 45/113
0.51 22/24 16/37 52/113
0.74 22/24 12/37 47/113
0.64 23/24 11/37 45/113
0.58 22/24 9/37 40/113
0.41 24/24 31/37 79/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Bulgaria EU & EFTA & North America Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.42
0.50
0.58
0.13
0.65
0.47
0.63
0.56
0.51
0.36
0.52
0.33
0.65
0.58
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.66
0.57
0.48
0.47
0.36
0.68
0.78
0.26
0.52
0.38
0.41
0.38
0.41
0.55
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.82
1.00
0.41
0.60
0.72
0.55
0.65
0.76
0.47
0.70
0.66
0.59
0.51
0.53
0.42
0.52
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 63
0.48 79/1134/126/18
Burkina Faso Income Group: Low Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.46 12/18 7/12 85/113
0.43 5/18 3/12 64/113
0.47 10/18 4/12 81/113
0.45 7/18 4/12 82/113
0.67 5/18 3/12 69/113
0.56 6/18 4/12 63/113
0.45 9/18 6/12 82/113
0.38 9/18 5/12 86/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa Low Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.39
0.43
0.51
0.18
0.29
0.41
0.61
0.50
0.48
0.39
0.42
0.37
0.57
0.54
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.33
0.58
0.40
0.43
0.51
0.3
0.72
0.37
0.51
0.34
0.53
0.42
0.39
0.44
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.70
1.00
0.32
0.68
0.51
0.44
0.57
0.72
0.34
0.7
0.53
0.44
0.54
0.23
0.36
0.68
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles64 |
0.33 112/11328/2815/15
Cambodia Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: East Asia & Pacific
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.31 15/15 26/28 109/113
0.30 15/15 24/28 104/113
0.19 15/15 28/28 113/113
0.28 15/15 28/28 112/113
0.65 15/15 16/28 81/113
0.39 13/15 24/28 103/113
0.24 15/15 27/28 112/113
0.24 15/15 27/28 111/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Cambodia East Asia & Pacific Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.29
0.13
0.25
0.29
0.18
0.32
0.33
0.14
0.39
0.25
0.24
0.32
0.33
0.36
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.22
0.15
0.10
0.19
0.27
0.05
0.35
0.37
0.43
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.23
0.29
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.75
1.00
0.19
0.43
0.38
0.29
0.33
0.49
0.26
0.43
0.49
0.26
0.20
0.60
0.15
0.20
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 65
0.37 109/11326/2818/18
Cameroon Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.41 15/18 23/28 99/113
0.30 17/18 25/28 105/113
0.35 18/18 26/28 109/113
0.38 14/18 24/28 103/113
0.47 18/18 27/28 111/113
0.43 15/18 22/28 99/113
0.35 16/18 24/28 104/113
0.24 18/18 28/28 112/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.30
0.24
0.28
0.13
0.29
0.39
0.42
0.29
0.38
0.31
0.52
0.43
0.41
0.42
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.36
0.42
0.23
0.26
0.33
0.31
0.5
0.35
0.41
0.18
0.44
0.25
0.09
0.38
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.62
0.56
0.23
0.49
0.38
0.38
0.41
0.71
0.09
0.53
0.46
0.42
0.39
0.30
0.35
0.46
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles66 |
0.81 12/11312/369/24
Canada Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.84 9/24 10/36 10/113
0.74 10/24 15/36 15/113
0.72 12/24 19/36 19/113
0.79 8/24 13/36 13/113
0.91 4/24 5/36 6/113
0.82 9/24 9/36 9/113
0.80 8/24 9/36 9/113
0.83 8/24 11/36 11/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Canada EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.79
0.92
0.90
0.73
0.77
0.68
0.87
0.87
0.79
0.86
0.84
0.80
0.85
0.92
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.56
0.65
0.88
0.89
0.53
0.73
0.82
0.67
0.67
0.71
0.59
0.85
0.91
0.78
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.92
1.00
0.80
0.68
0.95
0.78
0.85
0.88
0.82
0.89
0.73
0.69
0.87
0.76
0.82
0.84
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
| 67CountryProfiles
0.68 26/11325/363/30
Chile Income Group: High Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.73 3/30 21/36 22/113
0.58 9/30 32/36 37/113
0.64 6/30 29/36 32/113
0.66 4/30 25/36 26/113
0.68 12/30 34/36 67/113
0.75 4/30 21/36 22/113
0.72 1/30 17/36 17/113
0.70 3/30 24/36 25/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Chile Latin America & Caribbean High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.68
0.78
0.86
0.48
0.63
0.71
0.76
0.79
0.73
0.61
0.76
0.62
0.79
0.88
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.70
0.57
0.67
0.70
0.47
0.64
0.75
0.43
0.59
0.27
0.60
0.74
0.77
0.63
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.72
1.00
0.31
0.53
0.86
0.63
0.79
0.80
0.86
0.83
0.69
0.69
0.73
0.60
0.48
0.79
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
68 | CountryProfiles
0.48 80/11328/3713/15
China Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: East Asia & Pacific
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.38 14/15 34/37 104/113
0.47 10/15 16/37 55/113
0.52 10/15 21/37 62/113
0.45 12/15 30/37 80/113
0.76 10/15 8/37 41/113
0.32 14/15 36/37 108/113
0.44 11/15 30/37 89/113
0.52 8/15 15/37 52/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
China East Asia & Pacific Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.48
0.51
0.65
0.42
0.42
0.63
0.21
0.49
0.58
0.38
0.46
0.48
0.14
0.21
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.59
0.43
0.45
0.23
0.76
0.58
0.62
0.65
0.65
0.37
0.40
0.60
0.11
0.51
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.79
0.77
0.71
0.45
0.48
0.51
0.14
0.30
0.22
0.18
0.30
0.5
0.54
0.57
0.23
0.41
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
| 69CountryProfiles
0.51 71/11323/3719/30
Colombia Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.53 18/30 17/37 63/113
0.34 20/30 29/37 91/113
0.50 17/30 25/37 70/113
0.52 15/30 15/37 51/113
0.55 29/30 36/37 106/113
0.55 20/30 19/37 65/113
0.64 4/30 3/37 30/113
0.41 22/30 29/37 77/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Colombia Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.46
0.53
0.50
0.15
0.68
0.65
0.60
0.64
0.59
0.47
0.49
0.41
0.61
0.62
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.54
0.62
0.48
0.52
0.20
0.43
0.69
0.23
0.30
0.25
0.37
0.40
0.40
0.43
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.43
0.94
0.28
0.50
0.55
0.43
0.61
0.74
0.52
0.65
0.43
0.49
0.59
0.46
0.41
0.63
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
70 | CountryProfiles
0.68 25/1131/372/30
Costa Rica Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.78 2/30 1/37 17/113
0.55 11/30 10/37 42/113
0.62 9/30 7/37 38/113
0.67 2/30 1/37 23/113
0.68 11/30 21/37 66/113
0.79 3/30 1/37 17/113
0.69 3/30 1/37 19/113
0.69 5/30 3/37 27/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Costa Rica Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.68
0.78
0.78
0.53
0.51
0.68
0.79
0.79
0.78
0.72
0.79
0.62
0.83
0.93
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.64
0.71
0.75
0.76
0.26
0.42
0.78
0.42
0.44
0.34
0.57
0.69
0.71
0.70
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.62
1.00
0.41
0.67
0.91
0.70
0.83
0.85
0.90
0.85
0.65
0.62
0.70
0.51
0.80
0.74
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
| 71CountryProfiles
0.46 87/11315/289/18
Cote d’Ivoire Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.45 14/18 19/28 89/113
0.37 11/18 16/28 83/113
0.51 6/18 5/28 66/113
0.49 5/18 8/28 65/113
0.71 3/18 9/28 61/113
0.45 13/18 19/28 94/113
0.37 15/18 23/28 103/113
0.38 8/18 14/28 85/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Cote d’Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.39
0.36
0.48
0.29
0.18
0.33
0.54
0.42
0.47
0.40
0.49
0.35
0.45
0.54
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.46
0.51
0.36
0.41
0.55
0.61
0.67
0.27
0.50
0.28
0.43
0.39
0.40
0.30
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.71
1.00
0.40
0.59
0.25
0.30
0.45
0.68
0.08
0.61
0.61
0.39
0.50
0.46
0.40
0.68
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
72 | CountryProfiles
0.61 39/11333/3621/24
Croatia Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.60 22/24 35/36 50/113
0.54 22/24 34/36 45/113
0.53 23/24 35/36 60/113
0.50 24/24 35/36 61/113
0.82 17/24 23/36 25/113
0.69 21/24 30/36 34/113
0.59 21/24 28/36 36/113
0.57 20/24 33/36 42/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Croatia EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.53
0.62
0.80
0.33
0.54
0.60
0.66
0.56
0.68
0.50
0.54
0.48
0.69
0.71
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.60
0.56
0.56
0.54
0.27
0.43
0.71
0.49
0.52
0.52
0.43
0.63
0.56
0.63
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.94
1.00
0.53
0.61
0.79
0.63
0.69
0.68
0.64
0.78
0.73
0.61
0.60
0.43
0.36
0.49
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
| 73CountryProfiles
0.75 17/11317/3612/24
Czech Republic Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.76 15/24 18/36 19/113
0.73 11/24 16/36 16/113
0.73 11/24 18/36 18/113
0.68 14/24 22/36 22/113
0.89 7/24 9/36 10/113
0.81 10/24 11/36 11/113
0.69 15/24 19/36 20/113
0.68 17/24 26/36 30/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Czech Republic EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.62
0.81
0.83
0.47
0.68
0.66
0.79
0.63
0.77
0.71
0.79
0.65
0.79
0.85
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.65
0.86
0.76
0.79
0.55
0.69
0.79
0.66
0.73
0.62
0.76
0.75
0.79
0.83
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.87
1.00
0.82
0.77
0.91
0.83
0.79
0.85
0.76
0.85
0.73
0.64
0.73
0.58
0.66
0.77
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
74 | CountryProfiles
0.89 1/1131/361/24
Denmark Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.93 1/24 1/36 1/113
0.82 4/24 5/36 5/113
0.84 4/24 5/36 5/113
0.85 5/24 6/36 6/113
0.92 3/24 4/36 4/113
0.92 1/24 1/36 1/113
0.86 2/24 2/36 2/113
0.96 1/24 1/36 1/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Denmark EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.91
0.98
0.98
0.97
0.87
0.79
0.94
0.86
0.91
0.94
0.84
0.93
0.97
0.98
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.71
0.86
0.96
0.92
0.67
0.88
0.89
0.63
0.74
0.78
0.72
0.97
0.96
0.92
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.93
1.00
0.82
0.78
1.00
0.92
0.97
0.83
0.96
0.97
0.94
0.79
0.95
0.85
0.81
0.83
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
| 75CountryProfiles
0.60 40/1137/3711/30
Dominica Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.57 16/30 13/37 56/113
0.56 10/30 8/37 40/113
0.61 10/30 9/37 40/113
0.52 14/30 14/37 50/113
0.75 5/30 10/37 44/113
0.68 10/30 6/37 37/113
0.50 18/30 20/37 65/113
0.65 10/30 7/37 36/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Dominica Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.59
0.82
0.80
0.37
0.35
0.59
0.60
0.45
0.50
0.63
0.74
0.44
0.54
0.56
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.69
0.56
0.76
0.75
0.38
0.41
0.73
0.44
0.51
0.34
0.60
0.78
0.67
0.57
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.89
1.00
0.35
0.49
0.81
0.57
0.54
0.75
0.95
0.64
0.66
0.45
0.68
0.34
0.54
0.57
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
76 | CountryProfiles
0.47 85/11330/3723/30
Dominican Republic Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.44 26/30 29/37 93/113
0.34 21/30 31/37 94/113
0.46 22/30 32/37 85/113
0.41 28/30 35/37 95/113
0.61 24/30 32/37 95/113
0.60 18/30 17/37 56/113
0.54 13/30 17/37 54/113
0.34 26/30 34/37 93/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.38
0.42
0.43
0.15
0.37
0.56
0.56
0.65
0.48
0.38
0.34
0.25
0.62
0.57
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.51
0.57
0.42
0.35
0.28
0.41
0.65
0.32
0.42
0.23
0.31
0.37
0.28
0.44
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.60
1.00
0.23
0.54
0.64
0.44
0.62
0.71
0.58
0.65
0.65
0.35
0.51
0.44
0.26
0.50
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
| 77CountryProfiles
0.45 91/11334/3725/30
Ecuador Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.39 28/30 33/37 103/113
0.36 17/30 26/37 86/113
0.44 23/30 34/37 89/113
0.46 23/30 28/37 76/113
0.60 25/30 33/37 97/113
0.51 25/30 24/37 76/113
0.45 25/30 27/37 85/113
0.42 21/30 27/37 74/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.46
0.38
0.51
0.32
0.42
0.39
0.46
0.53
0.34
0.32
0.38
0.32
0.43
0.52
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.56
0.45
0.42
0.21
0.28
0.46
0.69
0.40
0.43
0.29
0.38
0.42
0.10
0.49
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.50
1.00
0.30
0.50
0.52
0.49
0.43
0.73
0.38
0.51
0.55
0.52
0.57
0.43
0.32
0.48
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
78 | CountryProfiles
0.37 110/11327/287/7
Egypt Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Middle East & North Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.31 7/7 27/28 110/113
0.43 4/7 7/28 63/113
0.38 7/7 22/28 104/113
0.33 7/7 27/28 110/113
0.49 7/7 25/28 108/113
0.29 6/7 28/28 110/113
0.23 7/7 28/28 113/113
0.45 6/7 5/28 66/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Egypt Middle East & North Africa Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.43
0.62
0.45
0.31
0.29
0.11
0.17
0.35
0.21
0.47
0.38
0.37
0.11
0.33
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.41
0.38
0.59
0.40
0.26
0.19
0.45
0.46
0.42
0.32
0.48
0.58
0.43
0.31
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.68
0.48
0.32
0.52
0.27
0.31
0.11
0.34
0.14
0.35
0.31
0.53
0.47
0.05
0.21
0.38
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
| 79CountryProfiles
0.49 75/11310/2820/30
El Salvador Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.51 22/30 12/28 74/113
0.34 22/30 19/28 95/113
0.48 20/30 9/28 76/113
0.50 17/30 6/28 63/113
0.63 21/30 18/28 90/113
0.57 19/30 5/28 60/113
0.51 16/30 8/28 61/113
0.42 20/30 9/28 73/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.49
0.41
0.57
0.22
0.37
0.51
0.55
0.62
0.61
0.47
0.46
0.35
0.59
0.57
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.53
0.49
0.43
0.44
0.38
0.51
0.56
0.18
0.32
0.17
0.31
0.47
0.47
0.44
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.44
1.00
0.44
0.48
0.72
0.44
0.59
0.75
0.46
0.62
0.49
0.47
0.59
0.51
0.37
0.54
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
80 | CountryProfiles
0.79 14/11314/3611/24
Estonia Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.80 13/24 15/36 15/113
0.70 12/24 19/36 19/113
0.77 8/24 13/36 13/113
0.78 10/24 15/36 15/113
0.85 11/24 17/36 18/113
0.80 12/24 15/36 15/113
0.81 7/24 8/36 8/113
0.78 11/24 17/36 17/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Estonia EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.73
0.93
0.89
0.56
0.86
0.76
0.81
0.80
0.77
0.81
0.74
0.81
0.78
0.88
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.64
0.87
0.89
0.84
0.71
0.64
0.81
0.57
0.63
0.69
0.66
0.84
0.79
0.75
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.89
1.00
0.67
0.83
0.89
0.75
0.78
0.80
0.76
0.85
0.73
0.78
0.87
0.81
0.66
0.80
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
| 81CountryProfiles
0.38 107/11310/1216/18
Ethiopia Income Group: Low Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.35 17/18 11/12 106/113
0.33 16/18 10/12 99/113
0.37 17/18 11/12 105/113
0.31 18/18 12/12 111/113
0.67 9/18 6/12 76/113
0.29 17/18 11/12 111/113
0.27 18/18 12/12 111/113
0.44 4/18 2/12 68/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa Low Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.39
0.31
0.47
0.59
0.21
0.36
0.23
0.30
0.42
0.35
0.41
0.37
0.27
0.31
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.32
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.44
0.56
0.50
0.38
0.36
0.26
0.34
0.43
0.20
0.32
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.64
0.89
0.48
0.34
0.23
0.32
0.27
0.54
0.09
0.26
0.31
0.35
0.41
0.30
0.05
0.45
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
82 | CountryProfiles
0.87 3/1133/363/24
Finland Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.89 3/24 3/36 3/113
0.85 1/24 1/36 1/113
0.80 7/24 10/36 10/113
0.83 6/24 7/36 7/113
0.93 1/24 2/36 2/113
0.92 2/24 2/36 2/113
0.85 3/24 3/36 3/113
0.92 3/24 4/36 4/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Finland EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.91
0.98
0.97
0.81
0.86
0.80
0.93
0.83
0.87
0.88
0.82
0.90
0.93
0.97
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.63
0.85
0.94
0.89
0.63
0.89
0.76
0.66
0.80
0.83
0.82
0.93
0.98
0.91
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.95
1.00
0.84
0.86
0.96
0.91
0.93
0.91
0.99
0.94
0.84
0.80
0.92
0.78
0.88
0.75
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
| 83CountryProfiles
0.72 21/11321/3614/24
France Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.77 14/24 17/36 18/113
0.65 17/24 26/36 27/113
0.71 13/24 22/36 23/113
0.72 12/24 18/36 18/113
0.63 24/24 36/36 89/113
0.75 17/24 23/36 24/113
0.77 11/24 13/36 13/113
0.74 12/24 19/36 19/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
France EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.69
0.82
0.84
0.61
0.78
0.76
0.77
0.76
0.76
0.70
0.78
0.72
0.78
0.88
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.62
0.70
0.77
0.74
0.60
0.70
0.84
0.58
0.72
0.56
0.49
0.77
0.72
0.69
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.87
0.50
0.51
0.69
0.80
0.69
0.78
0.79
0.66
0.83
0.75
0.67
0.80
0.67
0.65
0.83
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
84 | CountryProfiles
0.65 34/1134/371/13
Georgia Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.62 1/13 7/37 43/113
0.56 1/13 6/37 38/113
0.61 2/13 8/37 39/113
0.62 1/13 2/37 28/113
0.78 4/13 6/37 37/113
0.68 1/13 8/37 39/113
0.63 1/13 4/37 31/113
0.73 1/13 1/37 22/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Georgia Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.71
0.66
0.92
0.62
0.53
0.70
0.69
0.62
0.62
0.54
0.65
0.52
0.73
0.66
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.62
0.71
0.64
0.49
0.51
0.59
0.73
0.32
0.59
0.61
0.65
0.79
0.39
0.57
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.91
1.00
0.42
0.73
0.77
0.57
0.73
0.68
0.50
0.77
0.67
0.67
0.85
0.53
0.41
0.63
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
| 85CountryProfiles
0.83 6/1136/366/24
Germany Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.85 8/24 9/36 9/113
0.77 7/24 9/36 9/113
0.86 2/24 2/36 2/113
0.85 4/24 5/36 5/113
0.87 8/24 13/36 14/113
0.85 7/24 7/36 7/113
0.79 9/24 10/36 10/113
0.84 7/24 10/36 10/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Germany EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.81
0.94
0.91
0.68
0.73
0.76
0.88
0.79
0.82
0.87
0.79
0.81
0.87
0.96
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.73
0.84
0.91
0.92
0.86
0.89
0.87
0.60
0.75
0.80
0.70
0.88
0.86
0.83
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.88
1.00
0.71
0.77
0.93
0.83
0.87
0.85
0.81
0.91
0.86
0.75
0.86
0.80
0.89
0.94
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
86 | CountryProfiles
0.58 44/1131/282/18
Ghana Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.67 1/18 1/28 29/113
0.47 3/18 4/28 54/113
0.61 2/18 1/28 41/113
0.56 3/18 1/28 39/113
0.70 4/18 10/28 62/113
0.65 1/18 1/28 43/113
0.55 2/18 6/28 51/113
0.41 5/18 10/28 76/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.40
0.58
0.35
0.30
0.37
0.47
0.79
0.56
0.79
0.69
0.50
0.56
0.83
0.66
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.54
0.66
0.56
0.68
0.42
0.64
0.78
0.49
0.54
0.33
0.49
0.40
0.60
0.43
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.80
1.00
0.31
0.69
0.65
0.43
0.83
0.71
0.46
0.87
0.55
0.49
0.52
0.41
0.66
0.73
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 87
0.60 41/11334/3622/24
Greece Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.64 20/24 29/36 36/113
0.51 23/24 35/36 50/113
0.57 20/24 33/36 44/113
0.56 21/24 31/36 40/113
0.75 21/24 30/36 43/113
0.65 22/24 33/36 41/113
0.57 23/24 29/36 42/113
0.55 22/24 34/36 46/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Greece EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.52
0.76
0.77
0.15
0.47
0.61
0.63
0.58
0.58
0.60
0.67
0.48
0.65
0.86
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.57
0.70
0.74
0.61
0.22
0.44
0.73
0.52
0.46
0.30
0.40
0.67
0.59
0.59
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.84
1.00
0.41
0.62
0.78
0.59
0.65
0.57
0.75
0.74
0.52
0.58
0.49
0.51
0.49
0.70
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles88 |
0.66 31/1132/377/30
Grenada Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.63 9/30 5/37 41/113
0.65 3/30 1/37 26/113
0.72 2/30 1/37 20/113
0.58 6/30 5/37 34/113
0.79 3/30 4/37 33/113
0.68 11/30 7/37 38/113
0.56 11/30 15/37 47/113
0.69 4/30 2/37 26/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Grenada Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.65
0.87
0.78
0.47
0.29
0.70
0.63
0.60
0.64
0.77
0.52
0.46
0.62
0.75
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.77
0.76
0.88
0.79
0.50
0.61
0.73
0.58
0.74
0.49
0.65
0.72
0.72
0.67
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.93
1.00
0.44
0.62
0.91
0.67
0.62
0.61
0.74
0.75
0.49
0.60
0.86
0.43
0.33
0.66
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 89
0.44 97/11318/2826/30
Guatemala Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.53 19/30 9/28 65/113
0.29 25/30 26/28 106/113
0.33 29/30 27/28 111/113
0.39 29/30 23/28 101/113
0.59 26/30 19/28 99/113
0.55 21/30 7/28 66/113
0.49 19/30 10/28 66/113
0.34 27/30 19/28 95/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.39
0.37
0.49
0.10
0.27
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.63
0.48
0.40
0.38
0.64
0.67
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.31
0.27
0.44
0.37
0.09
0.22
0.62
0.18
0.22
0.11
0.32
0.40
0.36
0.43
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.50
1.00
0.26
0.33
0.64
0.43
0.64
0.70
0.60
0.65
0.40
0.34
0.49
0.32
0.32
0.46
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles90 |
0.49 76/11327/3721/30
Guyana Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.53 20/30 18/37 67/113
0.35 18/30 27/37 89/113
0.48 19/30 27/37 73/113
0.48 18/30 22/37 66/113
0.64 20/30 28/37 87/113
0.54 22/30 21/37 70/113
0.47 21/30 25/37 75/113
0.46 17/30 22/37 62/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Guyana Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.45
0.60
0.45
0.37
0.30
0.50
0.59
0.49
0.59
0.61
0.36
0.39
0.59
0.64
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.50
0.30
0.60
0.55
0.40
0.43
0.58
0.24
0.40
0.12
0.35
0.55
0.44
0.34
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.64
1.00
0.27
0.39
0.56
0.34
0.59
0.78
0.46
0.65
0.54
0.38
0.64
0.44
0.41
0.53
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 91
0.42 102/11322/2828/30
Honduras Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.44 25/30 20/28 92/113
0.25 28/30 27/28 111/113
0.43 25/30 18/28 95/113
0.41 27/30 19/28 94/113
0.56 28/30 22/28 103/113
0.44 29/30 21/28 96/113
0.46 22/30 15/28 77/113
0.36 25/30 17/28 92/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Honduras Latin America & Caribbean Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.41
0.38
0.38
0.25
0.32
0.46
0.52
0.53
0.46
0.32
0.46
0.37
0.55
0.49
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.44
0.31
0.39
0.28
0.31
0.51
0.74
0.20
0.29
0.05
0.30
0.37
0.19
0.35
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.37
1.00
0.32
0.30
0.35
0.35
0.55
0.67
0.20
0.60
0.50
0.42
0.49
0.45
0.17
0.54
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles92 |
0.77 16/11316/365/15
Hong Kong SAR, China Income Group: High Income
Region: East Asia & Pacific
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.70 5/15 24/36 25/113
0.80 2/15 6/36 6/113
0.77 5/15 12/36 12/113
0.80 5/15 12/36 12/113
0.89 3/15 10/36 11/113
0.70 5/15 29/36 33/113
0.66 6/15 25/36 27/113
0.85 3/15 8/36 8/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Hong Kong SAR, China East Asia & Pacific High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.81
0.91
0.93
0.75
0.68
0.73
0.52
0.72
0.78
0.72
0.74
0.84
0.50
0.61
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.66
0.80
0.87
0.75
0.71
0.81
0.81
0.68
0.78
0.87
0.80
0.87
0.80
0.80
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.89
1.00
0.78
0.84
0.81
0.80
0.50
0.72
0.68
0.52
0.74
0.67
0.86
0.77
0.92
0.75
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 93
0.57 49/11336/3623/24
Hungary Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.46 24/24 36/36 87/113
0.54 21/24 33/36 43/113
0.52 24/24 36/36 61/113
0.51 23/24 34/36 54/113
0.86 9/24 15/36 16/113
0.62 24/24 34/36 50/113
0.52 24/24 31/36 55/113
0.51 23/24 36/36 53/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Hungary EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.41
0.71
0.66
0.25
0.60
0.49
0.47
0.53
0.36
0.43
0.44
0.40
0.47
0.63
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.49
0.45
0.67
0.50
0.39
0.48
0.69
0.52
0.58
0.53
0.36
0.59
0.57
0.65
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.85
1.00
0.72
0.52
0.79
0.65
0.47
0.68
0.64
0.58
0.66
0.54
0.58
0.53
0.40
0.49
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles94 |
0.51 66/1136/282/6
India Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: South Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.64 1/6 3/28 35/113
0.41 3/6 10/28 71/113
0.43 1/6 16/28 93/113
0.46 3/6 11/28 77/113
0.56 4/6 23/28 104/113
0.5 3/6 13/28 81/113
0.66 1/6 1/28 28/113
0.44 2/6 7/28 69/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
India South Asia Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.46
0.50
0.43
0.37
0.61
0.64
0.66
0.73
0.77
0.68
0.59
0.38
0.69
0.74
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.31
0.43
0.49
0.64
0.17
0.38
0.57
0.29
0.42
0.47
0.25
0.49
0.61
0.39
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.69
0.69
0.30
0.39
0.44
0.39
0.69
0.63
0.43
0.67
0.38
0.43
0.44
0.35
0.43
0.64
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 95
0.52 61/1135/289/15
Indonesia Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: East Asia & Pacific
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.64 7/15 2/28 33/113
0.38 12/15 13/28 80/113
0.43 13/15 15/28 92/113
0.51 7/15 3/28 53/113
0.73 12/15 8/28 55/113
0.52 9/15 11/28 74/113
0.58 7/15 2/28 37/113
0.38 14/15 13/28 84/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Indonesia East Asia & Pacific Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.49
0.32
0.46
0.26
0.45
0.58
0.67
0.63
0.78
0.63
0.45
0.56
0.74
0.69
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.51
0.30
0.35
0.46
0.51
0.38
0.50
0.40
0.52
0.27
0.25
0.43
0.42
0.37
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.85
1.00
0.33
0.44
0.52
0.37
0.74
0.41
0.36
0.71
0.61
0.50
0.63
0.51
0.36
0.54
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles96 |
0.47 86/11331/375/7
Iran Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Middle East & North Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.44 6/7 30/37 94/113
0.43 5/7 20/37 65/113
0.55 3/7 16/37 52/113
0.50 4/7 20/37 60/113
0.72 4/7 16/37 59/113
0.29 7/7 37/37 112/113
0.34 6/7 36/37 106/113
0.48 4/7 18/37 57/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Iran Middle East & North Africa Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.49
0.43
0.59
0.41
0.26
0.39
0.34
0.37
0.33
0.52
0.47
0.47
0.32
0.5
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.60
0.41
0.46
0.42
0.64
0.63
0.70
0.44
0.49
0.43
0.38
0.54
0.23
0.47
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.73
0.92
0.51
0.38
0.34
0.47
0.32
0.17
0.11
0.30
0.20
0.53
0.49
0.44
0.49
0.55
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 97
0.64 35/11331/3620/24
Italy Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.70 17/24 23/36 24/113
0.64 18/24 27/36 29/113
0.57 22/24 34/36 46/113
0.57 19/24 30/36 35/113
0.72 23/24 33/36 58/113
0.72 20/24 27/36 30/113
0.63 20/24 27/36 32/113
0.60 19/24 32/36 41/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Italy EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.54
0.74
0.83
0.29
0.62
0.60
0.72
0.58
0.73
0.69
0.69
0.56
0.74
0.80
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.56
0.59
0.68
0.74
0.35
0.42
0.66
0.51
0.58
0.50
0.58
0.72
0.88
0.70
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.76
1.00
0.40
0.61
0.83
0.70
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.82
0.57
0.52
0.65
0.39
0.62
0.67
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles98 |
0.57 47/11311/3712/30
Jamaica Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.64 6/30 3/37 34/113
0.45 13/30 18/37 58/113
0.54 14/30 18/37 54/113
0.54 12/30 11/37 47/113
0.64 19/30 27/37 86/113
0.63 14/30 12/37 46/113
0.58 7/30 8/37 39/113
0.55 13/30 13/37 47/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.51
0.71
0.63
0.34
0.47
0.62
0.69
0.55
0.67
0.74
0.55
0.45
0.70
0.75
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.51
0.49
0.72
0.75
0.29
0.39
0.67
0.37
0.41
0.29
0.28
0.65
0.72
0.45
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.65
1.00
0.25
0.59
0.62
0.45
0.70
0.79
0.60
0.75
0.58
0.51
0.69
0.33
0.47
0.68
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 99
0.78 15/11315/364/15
Japan Income Group: High Income
Region: East Asia & Pacific
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.74 4/15 20/36 21/113
0.68 6/15 21/36 21/113
0.82 2/15 6/36 6/113
0.82 4/15 10/36 10/113
0.90 2/15 8/36 9/113
0.75 3/15 22/36 23/113
0.68 3/15 20/36 21/113
0.83 5/15 13/36 13/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Japan East Asia & Pacific High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.76
0.96
0.90
0.69
0.61
0.72
0.70
0.71
0.67
0.77
0.69
0.76
0.72
0.82
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.67
0.88
0.95
0.78
0.69
0.89
0.89
0.62
0.63
0.66
0.66
0.88
0.69
0.64
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.92
1.00
0.78
0.81
0.84
0.64
0.72
0.61
0.83
0.74
0.79
0.73
0.94
0.85
0.77
0.80
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles100 |
0.59 42/1138/372/7
Jordan Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Middle East & North Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.53 4/7 16/37 62/113
0.59 2/7 4/37 33/113
0.63 2/7 5/37 35/113
0.58 2/7 4/37 33/113
0.79 2/7 5/37 34/113
0.50 3/7 28/37 82/113
0.43 4/7 33/37 94/113
0.66 2/7 6/37 33/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Jordan Middle East & North Africa Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.61
0.71
0.77
0.56
0.34
0.53
0.44
0.39
0.63
0.62
0.43
0.58
0.47
0.46
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.52
0.70
0.71
0.62
0.46
0.67
0.70
0.62
0.65
0.45
0.54
0.76
0.56
0.52
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.85
1.00
0.51
0.65
0.66
0.52
0.47
0.47
0.32
0.44
0.48
0.53
0.75
0.49
0.52
0.60
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 101
0.50 73/11325/376/13
Kazakhstan Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.44 7/13 28/37 91/113
0.41 7/13 23/37 73/113
0.55 4/13 17/37 53/113
0.50 3/13 18/37 57/113
0.76 5/13 7/37 40/113
0.45 10/13 31/37 92/113
0.48 9/13 24/37 73/113
0.43 5/13 25/37 71/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Kazakhstan Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.45
0.41
0.49
0.38
0.52
0.50
0.39
0.51
0.44
0.43
0.47
0.50
0.35
0.45
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.45
0.43
0.47
0.39
0.72
0.66
0.70
0.40
0.64
0.37
0.30
0.41
0.28
0.44
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.75
1.00
0.52
0.54
0.49
0.44
0.35
0.63
0.30
0.39
0.50
0.60
0.53
0.55
0.27
0.57
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles102 |
0.43 100/11320/2814/18
Kenya Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.50 10/18 15/28 77/113
0.35 14/18 18/28 88/113
0.43 13/18 14/28 91/113
0.43 10/18 18/28 92/113
0.51 16/18 24/28 107/113
0.47 11/18 15/28 87/113
0.49 6/18 11/28 70/113
0.26 16/18 26/28 108/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.29
0.34
0.27
0.13
0.30
0.43
0.57
0.66
0.67
0.51
0.40
0.34
0.57
0.53
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.41
0.47
0.37
0.50
0.23
0.43
0.63
0.26
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.23
0.50
0.32
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.57
0.69
0.27
0.44
0.37
0.32
0.57
0.67
0.25
0.59
0.55
0.40
0.40
0.42
0.31
0.61
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 103
0.47 83/11314/2810/13
Kyrgyzstan Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.50 4/13 13/28 75/113
0.33 12/13 20/28 96/113
0.43 13/13 17/28 94/113
0.38 13/13 25/28 104/113
0.75 7/13 5/28 46/113
0.54 8/13 9/28 69/113
0.55 5/13 4/28 49/113
0.28 13/13 25/28 106/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Kyrgyzstan Eastern Europe & Central Asia Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.33
0.30
0.37
0.13
0.52
0.54
0.63
0.51
0.57
0.33
0.47
0.46
0.63
0.56
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.59
0.39
0.25
0.38
0.52
0.34
0.52
0.38
0.52
0.29
0.31
0.26
0.19
0.39
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.78
1.00
0.45
0.48
0.52
0.39
0.63
0.61
0.39
0.72
0.56
0.42
0.34
0.44
0.26
0.44
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles104 |
0.46 89/11333/376/7
Lebanon Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Middle East & North Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.51 5/7 21/37 73/113
0.31 7/7 34/37 103/113
0.48 6/7 29/37 77/113
0.41 6/7 36/37 96/113
0.64 5/7 24/37 83/113
0.51 2/7 25/37 77/113
0.43 3/7 32/37 93/113
0.36 7/7 32/37 88/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Lebanon Middle East & North Africa Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.37
0.39
0.49
0.22
0.25
0.42
0.58
0.47
0.71
0.49
0.42
0.34
0.64
0.48
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.49
0.43
0.42
0.39
0.42
0.51
0.68
0.37
0.38
0.23
0.16
0.38
0.26
0.38
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.67
0.94
0.32
0.44
0.52
0.38
0.64
0.53
0.41
0.66
0.51
0.39
0.40
0.42
0.43
0.38
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 105
0.45 94/1137/1211/18
Liberia Income Group: Low Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.56 5/18 4/12 58/113
0.26 18/18 12/12 110/113
0.45 12/18 6/12 88/113
0.41 12/18 6/12 98/113
0.61 14/18 10/12 96/113
0.56 7/18 5/12 64/113
0.48 7/18 4/12 72/113
0.26 17/18 11/12 109/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa Low Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.34
0.27
0.31
0.12
0.15
0.45
0.66
0.66
0.75
0.51
0.37
0.32
0.71
0.68
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.41
0.51
0.29
0.44
0.36
0.62
0.48
0.29
0.34
0.13
0.26
0.27
0.26
0.30
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.52
1.00
0.29
0.51
0.47
0.30
0.71
0.81
0.41
0.76
0.49
0.48
0.39
0.36
0.46
0.35
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles106 |
0.54 54/11316/373/13
Macedonia, FYR Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.43 9/13 31/37 96/113
0.51 3/13 14/37 48/113
0.56 3/13 15/37 51/113
0.47 5/13 24/37 70/113
0.74 8/13 13/37 48/113
0.54 7/13 20/37 67/113
0.56 4/13 13/37 45/113
0.50 3/13 17/37 55/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Macedonia, FYR Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.51
0.40
0.74
0.36
0.46
0.63
0.57
0.58
0.40
0.32
0.58
0.34
0.47
0.47
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.58
0.60
0.37
0.37
0.67
0.66
0.67
0.64
0.59
0.49
0.55
0.55
0.26
0.52
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.76
1.00
0.47
0.60
0.53
0.52
0.47
0.69
0.35
0.74
0.45
0.53
0.51
0.44
0.33
0.55
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 107
0.45 90/1136/1210/18
Madagascar Income Group: Low Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.46 13/18 8/12 86/113
0.40 10/18 6/12 76/113
0.41 15/18 9/12 100/113
0.38 13/18 7/12 102/113
0.73 1/18 2/12 51/113
0.49 9/18 7/12 84/113
0.46 8/18 5/12 80/113
0.30 13/18 8/12 102/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa Low Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.34
0.28
0.36
0.22
0.38
0.44
0.53
0.47
0.54
0.38
0.41
0.38
0.51
0.53
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.35
0.57
0.25
0.26
0.44
0.41
0.60
0.44
0.60
0.34
0.48
0.32
0.25
0.35
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.71
1.00
0.48
0.63
0.31
0.35
0.51
0.63
0.26
0.61
0.62
0.33
0.36
0.49
0.30
0.44
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles108 |
0.51 69/1133/125/18
Malawi Income Group: Low Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.57 4/18 3/12 57/113
0.44 4/18 2/12 61/113
0.54 5/18 2/12 56/113
0.45 6/18 3/12 79/113
0.62 13/18 9/12 92/113
0.58 4/18 2/12 58/113
0.50 4/18 3/12 64/113
0.36 10/18 6/12 90/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa Low Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.34
0.53
0.31
0.26
0.31
0.34
0.72
0.62
0.62
0.60
0.41
0.48
0.68
0.60
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.50
0.62
0.54
0.60
0.43
0.64
0.47
0.35
0.49
0.31
0.51
0.43
0.71
0.31
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.57
1.00
0.29
0.48
0.60
0.31
0.68
0.74
0.57
0.79
0.46
0.43
0.37
0.42
0.49
0.55
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 109
0.54 56/11317/378/15
Malaysia Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: East Asia & Pacific
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.50 11/15 22/37 78/113
0.56 7/15 9/37 41/113
0.56 7/15 13/37 49/113
0.47 11/15 27/37 74/113
0.82 7/15 2/37 26/113
0.44 12/15 33/37 98/113
0.35 13/15 35/37 105/113
0.61 7/15 9/37 39/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Malaysia East Asia & Pacific Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.52
0.67
0.68
0.58
0.23
0.44
0.35
0.38
0.58
0.54
0.58
0.50
0.35
0.42
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.50
0.51
0.64
0.38
0.64
0.57
0.70
0.56
0.53
0.61
0.51
0.72
0.39
0.57
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.72
1.00
0.74
0.46
0.44
0.57
0.35
0.31
0.52
0.35
0.50
0.41
0.56
0.52
0.45
0.42
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles110 |
0.46 88/11332/3724/30
Mexico Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.47 23/30 25/37 83/113
0.29 27/30 36/37 108/113
0.41 26/30 36/37 101/113
0.44 24/30 32/37 85/113
0.61 23/30 31/37 94/113
0.51 24/30 23/37 75/113
0.61 6/30 6/37 34/113
0.32 28/30 36/37 99/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Mexico Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.40
0.36
0.32
0.22
0.64
0.64
0.53
0.63
0.58
0.44
0.42
0.21
0.54
0.62
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.43
0.31
0.35
0.49
0.30
0.40
0.57
0.23
0.27
0.23
0.29
0.25
0.38
0.34
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.51
1.00
0.33
0.36
0.40
0.34
0.54
0.75
0.60
0.62
0.47
0.38
0.49
0.32
0.42
0.59
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 111
0.49 77/11311/288/13
Moldova Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.43 8/13 21/28 95/113
0.38 10/13 12/28 79/113
0.46 10/13 12/28 82/113
0.41 11/13 20/28 97/113
0.81 3/13 2/28 30/113
0.58 6/13 4/28 59/113
0.58 2/13 3/28 38/113
0.28 12/13 24/28 105/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Moldova Eastern Europe & Central Asia Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.30
0.25
0.48
0.10
0.62
0.53
0.60
0.57
0.61
0.33
0.38
0.27
0.55
0.46
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.49
0.50
0.23
0.34
0.47
0.54
0.68
0.40
0.49
0.30
0.50
0.32
0.24
0.42
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.83
1.00
0.60
0.64
0.65
0.42
0.55
0.67
0.43
0.72
0.54
0.54
0.53
0.47
0.13
0.36
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles112 |
0.54 55/1132/287/15
Mongolia Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: East Asia & Pacific
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.53 9/15 8/28 64/113
0.48 9/15 3/28 53/113
0.54 8/15 2/28 55/113
0.47 10/15 9/28 72/113
0.79 8/15 3/28 32/113
0.60 7/15 3/28 54/113
0.48 10/15 13/28 74/113
0.41 13/15 11/28 80/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Mongolia East Asia & Pacific Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.42
0.48
0.58
0.14
0.38
0.52
0.62
0.40
0.58
0.48
0.47
0.44
0.61
0.62
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.47
0.51
0.45
0.48
0.71
0.52
0.68
0.42
0.55
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.44
0.55
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.81
1.00
0.57
0.51
0.69
0.55
0.61
0.77
0.48
0.71
0.50
0.58
0.43
0.60
0.33
0.43
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 113
0.53 60/1134/284/7
Morocco Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Middle East & North Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.57 3/7 6/28 53/113
0.37 6/7 15/28 82/113
0.53 4/7 3/28 57/113
0.54 3/7 2/28 41/113
0.73 3/7 6/28 50/113
0.45 5/7 17/28 91/113
0.47 2/7 14/28 76/113
0.54 3/7 1/28 50/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Morocco Middle East & North Africa Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.57
0.43
0.57
0.59
0.36
0.44
0.51
0.55
0.68
0.59
0.49
0.54
0.54
0.60
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.44
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.65
0.54
0.62
0.42
0.44
0.26
0.44
0.55
0.15
0.33
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.77
0.92
0.51
0.58
0.33
0.33
0.54
0.46
0.20
0.55
0.65
0.54
0.58
0.48
0.48
0.63
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles114 |
0.43 98/11319/2814/15
Myanmar Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: East Asia & Pacific
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.50 10/15 14/28 76/113
0.32 14/15 22/28 101/113
0.42 14/15 20/28 98/113
0.44 13/15 14/28 87/113
0.73 11/15 7/28 53/113
0.30 15/15 27/28 109/113
0.33 14/15 25/28 107/113
0.44 12/15 8/28 70/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Myanmar East Asia & Pacific Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.53
0.24
0.48
0.50
0.24
0.38
0.33
0.39
0.71
0.5
0.43
0.51
0.33
0.53
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.42
0.36
0.33
0.30
0.49
0.46
0.59
0.46
0.45
0.33
0.18
0.37
0.19
0.24
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.79
0.83
0.57
0.39
0.24
0.24
0.33
0.24
0.21
0.34
0.44
0.40
0.55
0.54
0.33
0.35
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 115
0.52 63/1132/121/6
Nepal Income Group: Low Income
Region: South Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.63 2/6 2/12 40/113
0.44 2/6 1/12 60/113
0.41 3/6 8/12 99/113
0.48 2/6 2/12 67/113
0.74 1/6 1/12 49/113
0.53 1/6 6/12 72/113
0.54 2/6 1/12 52/113
0.38 3/6 4/12 83/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Nepal South Asia Low Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.43
0.37
0.50
0.23
0.38
0.45
0.66
0.67
0.74
0.63
0.54
0.50
0.69
0.68
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.41
0.39
0.40
0.50
0.41
0.31
0.48
0.45
0.55
0.34
0.43
0.43
0.53
0.39
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.75
1.00
0.46
0.51
0.46
0.39
0.69
0.65
0.32
0.70
0.56
0.43
0.49
0.52
0.46
0.50
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles116 |
0.86 5/1135/365/24
Netherlands Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.89 4/24 4/36 4/113
0.80 5/24 7/36 7/113
0.88 1/24 1/36 1/113
0.88 1/24 2/36 2/113
0.85 13/24 19/36 20/113
0.86 6/24 6/36 6/113
0.85 4/24 4/36 4/113
0.88 5/24 7/36 7/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Netherlands EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.85
0.97
0.91
0.81
0.84
0.80
0.86
0.88
0.89
0.91
0.85
0.88
0.87
0.92
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.78
0.92
0.94
0.95
0.83
0.88
0.83
0.60
0.78
0.80
0.73
0.90
0.94
0.83
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.88
1.00
0.66
0.83
0.97
0.83
0.87
0.83
0.82
0.87
0.82
0.81
0.93
0.86
0.89
0.91
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 117
0.83 8/1138/361/15
New Zealand Income Group: High Income
Region: East Asia & Pacific
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.86 1/15 6/36 6/113
0.75 4/15 13/36 13/113
0.78 4/15 11/36 11/113
0.82 2/15 8/36 8/113
0.86 5/15 14/36 15/113
0.82 1/15 10/36 10/113
0.84 1/15 6/36 6/113
0.90 2/15 6/36 6/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
New Zealand East Asia & Pacific High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.87
0.92
0.94
0.86
0.88
0.78
0.87
0.82
0.86
0.90
0.78
0.84
0.89
0.89
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.72
0.72
0.94
0.84
0.76
0.72
0.79
0.67
0.71
0.69
0.62
0.93
0.84
0.80
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.88
1.00
0.72
0.75
0.91
0.80
0.89
0.85
0.74
0.85
0.75
0.80
0.92
0.77
0.78
0.85
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles118 |
0.42 101/11321/2827/30
Nicaragua Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.32 29/30 25/28 107/113
0.32 24/30 23/28 102/113
0.37 27/30 24/28 107/113
0.46 22/30 10/28 75/113
0.66 16/30 14/28 79/113
0.45 28/30 18/28 93/113
0.41 29/30 22/28 97/113
0.37 23/30 15/28 87/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.47
0.28
0.49
0.23
0.35
0.34
0.42
0.54
0.34
0.30
0.31
0.23
0.44
0.33
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.39
0.46
0.37
0.18
0.33
0.35
0.50
0.32
0.52
0.26
0.31
0.42
0.06
0.31
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.61
1.00
0.37
0.49
0.47
0.31
0.44
0.72
0.25
0.44
0.50
0.46
0.58
0.47
0.39
0.41
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 119
0.44 96/11317/2813/18
Nigeria Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.54 7/18 7/28 61/113
0.42 7/18 8/28 68/113
0.48 9/18 8/28 75/113
0.43 9/18 15/28 89/113
0.48 17/18 26/28 109/113
0.46 12/18 16/28 89/113
0.43 11/18 21/28 95/113
0.30 11/18 22/28 100/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.31
0.50
0.33
0.08
0.19
0.43
0.53
0.56
0.66
0.57
0.49
0.45
0.52
0.53
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.54
0.51
0.48
0.48
0.25
0.45
0.64
0.43
0.40
0.24
0.55
0.40
0.55
0.36
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.56
0.50
0.38
0.50
0.32
0.36
0.52
0.50
0.41
0.6
0.44
0.41
0.45
0.39
0.40
0.50
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles120 |
0.88 2/1132/362/24
Norway Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.91 2/24 2/36 2/113
0.83 2/24 2/36 2/113
0.85 3/24 3/36 3/113
0.86 2/24 3/36 3/113
0.9 6/24 7/36 8/113
0.89 3/24 3/36 3/113
0.87 1/24 1/36 1/113
0.92 2/24 3/36 3/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Norway EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.93
0.96
0.95
0.83
0.84
0.83
0.95
0.88
0.94
0.91
0.81
0.90
0.95
0.96
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.65
0.74
0.93
0.95
0.86
0.92
0.90
0.68
0.77
0.85
0.75
0.92
0.95
0.91
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.94
1.00
0.77
0.81
0.94
0.91
0.95
0.85
0.85
0.95
0.89
0.75
0.92
0.82
0.89
0.92
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 121
0.38 106/11325/285/6
Pakistan Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: South Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.52 4/6 11/28 72/113
0.38 4/6 14/28 81/113
0.37 5/6 23/28 106/113
0.34 6/6 26/28 109/113
0.29 6/6 28/28 113/113
0.39 5/6 23/28 101/113
0.46 4/6 16/28 79/113
0.33 5/6 21/28 97/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Pakistan South Asia Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.37
0.41
0.31
0.22
0.32
0.47
0.55
0.49
0.62
0.55
0.51
0.35
0.59
0.47
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.39
0.32
0.38
0.47
0.24
0.25
0.56
0.34
0.41
0.35
0.26
0.36
0.57
0.34
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.55
0.04
0.29
0.36
0.32
0.34
0.59
0.46
0.25
0.59
0.25
0.29
0.36
0.35
0.21
0.51
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles122 |
0.52 62/11320/3717/30
Panama Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.56 17/30 14/37 59/113
0.29 26/30 35/37 107/113
0.48 18/30 26/37 72/113
0.52 13/30 13/37 49/113
0.67 14/30 22/37 73/113
0.63 15/30 14/37 49/113
0.58 8/30 10/37 41/113
0.45 19/30 24/37 65/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Panama Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.51
0.40
0.59
0.31
0.39
0.54
0.67
0.70
0.59
0.47
0.42
0.32
0.69
0.84
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.57
0.54
0.45
0.41
0.27
0.46
0.68
0.30
0.23
0.15
0.29
0.48
0.14
0.42
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.63
1.00
0.38
0.48
0.72
0.42
0.69
0.82
0.52
0.70
0.65
0.49
0.62
0.51
0.43
0.54
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 123
0.51 65/11322/3718/30
Peru Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.63 10/30 6/37 42/113
0.34 19/30 28/37 90/113
0.44 24/30 35/37 90/113
0.5 16/30 21/37 62/113
0.64 17/30 25/37 84/113
0.64 13/30 10/37 44/113
0.56 10/30 14/37 46/113
0.36 24/30 33/37 91/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Peru Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.49
0.35
0.39
0.20
0.37
0.59
0.66
0.62
0.72
0.49
0.59
0.45
0.71
0.80
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.41
0.48
0.35
0.45
0.27
0.45
0.67
0.31
0.25
0.22
0.44
0.31
0.40
0.49
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.57
1.00
0.36
0.51
0.71
0.49
0.71
0.81
0.58
0.79
0.52
0.51
0.55
0.39
0.39
0.65
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles124 |
0.51 70/1139/2812/15
Philippines Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: East Asia & Pacific
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.59 8/15 5/28 51/113
0.36 13/15 17/28 84/113
0.45 12/15 13/28 87/113
0.51 8/15 4/28 55/113
0.67 14/15 13/28 77/113
0.5 10/15 14/28 83/113
0.51 9/15 9/28 63/113
0.48 9/15 2/28 56/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Philippines East Asia & Pacific Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.53
0.43
0.57
0.41
0.39
0.59
0.61
0.45
0.67
0.59
0.52
0.49
0.63
0.65
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.46
0.59
0.46
0.46
0.19
0.41
0.57
0.53
0.36
0.17
0.23
0.53
0.38
0.35
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.67
0.76
0.56
0.54
0.34
0.35
0.63
0.64
0.41
0.65
0.43
0.51
0.63
0.36
0.48
0.55
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 125
0.71 22/11322/3615/24
Poland Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.68 19/24 26/36 28/113
0.69 13/24 20/36 20/113
0.66 15/24 26/36 27/113
0.62 16/24 26/36 27/113
0.85 12/24 18/36 19/113
0.74 18/24 25/36 26/113
0.72 14/24 16/36 16/113
0.73 14/24 21/36 21/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Poland EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.70
0.83
0.85
0.54
0.61
0.75
0.72
0.82
0.61
0.62
0.64
0.62
0.72
0.85
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.63
0.81
0.77
0.70
0.34
0.60
0.79
0.56
0.64
0.71
0.66
0.77
0.80
0.71
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.93
1.00
0.63
0.76
0.88
0.71
0.72
0.64
0.73
0.75
0.70
0.62
0.73
0.54
0.51
0.70
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles126 |
0.71 23/11323/3616/24
Portugal Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.80 12/24 14/36 14/113
0.67 15/24 24/36 24/113
0.66 14/24 25/36 26/113
0.60 18/24 29/36 31/113
0.77 20/24 29/36 39/113
0.79 13/24 17/36 18/113
0.67 18/24 24/36 26/113
0.72 15/24 22/36 23/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Portugal EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.68
0.83
0.90
0.47
0.52
0.67
0.80
0.69
0.79
0.75
0.84
0.70
0.81
0.92
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.67
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.38
0.51
0.79
0.48
0.56
0.56
0.63
0.80
0.96
0.72
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.88
1.00
0.42
0.68
0.92
0.72
0.81
0.82
0.80
0.88
0.69
0.64
0.74
0.50
0.45
0.68
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 127
0.73 19/11319/366/15
Republic of Korea Income Group: High Income
Region: East Asia & Pacific
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.68 6/15 25/36 27/113
0.71 5/15 17/36 17/113
0.81 3/15 8/36 8/113
0.75 6/15 17/36 17/113
0.83 6/15 21/36 23/113
0.70 4/15 28/36 32/113
0.68 4/15 21/36 22/113
0.65 6/15 29/36 35/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Republic of Korea East Asia & Pacific High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.68
0.83
0.77
0.34
0.70
0.71
0.61
0.70
0.63
0.62
0.70
0.69
0.61
0.85
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.70
0.76
0.77
0.77
0.89
0.86
0.92
0.53
0.82
0.79
0.63
0.67
0.78
0.73
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.88
1.00
0.61
0.70
0.88
0.73
0.61
0.74
0.66
0.63
0.68
0.53
0.73
0.91
0.81
0.77
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles128 |
0.66 32/1133/3719/24
Romania Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.69 18/24 2/37 26/113
0.58 20/24 5/37 35/113
0.65 18/24 3/37 31/113
0.57 20/24 6/37 36/113
0.84 15/24 1/37 22/113
0.73 19/24 2/37 28/113
0.67 17/24 2/37 25/113
0.55 21/24 11/37 44/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Romania EU & EFTA & North America Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.53
0.66
0.74
0.30
0.67
0.58
0.70
0.74
0.74
0.66
0.57
0.60
0.79
0.76
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.54
0.72
0.66
0.67
0.51
0.64
0.77
0.62
0.54
0.39
0.63
0.64
0.64
0.60
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.90
1.00
0.61
0.72
0.84
0.60
0.79
0.83
0.58
0.75
0.76
0.60
0.60
0.48
0.46
0.69
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 129
0.45 92/11335/3711/13
Russia Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.40 10/13 32/37 100/113
0.33 13/13 32/37 98/113
0.52 5/13 22/37 63/113
0.47 6/13 25/37 71/113
0.56 13/13 35/37 102/113
0.44 11/13 32/37 97/113
0.49 8/13 21/37 67/113
0.41 8/13 30/37 78/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Russia Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.42
0.45
0.50
0.26
0.47
0.49
0.41
0.59
0.35
0.37
0.47
0.37
0.41
0.42
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.53
0.56
0.50
0.33
0.75
0.36
0.59
0.24
0.44
0.38
0.45
0.42
0.05
0.34
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.75
0.60
0.34
0.59
0.40
0.34
0.41
0.56
0.18
0.42
0.61
0.57
0.51
0.61
0.33
0.34
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles130 |
0.57 46/1131/124/18
Senegal Income Group: Low Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.67 2/18 1/12 30/113
0.43 6/18 4/12 66/113
0.57 4/18 1/12 47/113
0.56 2/18 1/12 38/113
0.67 8/18 5/12 74/113
0.62 3/18 1/12 51/113
0.52 3/18 2/12 58/113
0.55 3/18 1/12 48/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa Low Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.53
0.54
0.64
0.47
0.37
0.53
0.75
0.43
0.65
0.57
0.64
0.57
0.78
0.81
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.49
0.55
0.53
0.49
0.61
0.63
0.68
0.43
0.48
0.25
0.56
0.62
0.23
0.42
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.70
1.00
0.31
0.63
0.59
0.42
0.78
0.69
0.37
0.80
0.65
0.56
0.58
0.41
0.56
0.71
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 131
0.50 74/11326/377/13
Serbia Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.46 5/13 26/37 84/113
0.34 11/13 30/37 92/113
0.46 11/13 31/37 83/113
0.46 7/13 29/37 78/113
0.73 9/13 14/37 54/113
0.58 5/13 18/37 57/113
0.56 3/13 12/37 44/113
0.41 7/13 28/37 75/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Serbia Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.44
0.43
0.49
0.29
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.59
0.52
0.32
0.48
0.29
0.55
0.62
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.49
0.67
0.43
0.33
0.31
0.47
0.55
0.29
0.35
0.34
0.32
0.38
0.21
0.49
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.84
1.00
0.34
0.54
0.69
0.49
0.55
0.64
0.50
0.67
0.58
0.40
0.43
0.36
0.48
0.62
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles132 |
0.45 95/1138/1212/18
Sierra Leone Income Group: Low Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.52 8/18 5/12 70/113
0.36 13/18 8/12 87/v113
0.40 16/18 10/12 102/113
0.35 16/18 10/12 107/113
0.66 10/18 7/12 78/113
0.57 5/18 3/12 61/113
0.40 12/18 7/12 98/113
0.30 12/18 7/12 101/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa Low vIncome
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.35
0.32
0.32
0.22
0.19
0.44
0.56
0.41
0.55
0.41
0.49
0.46
0.59
0.63
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.47
0.54
0.32
0.25
0.33
0.42
0.47
0.49
0.38
0.17
0.36
0.35
0.35
0.42
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.58
1.00
0.42
0.58
0.57
0.42
0.59
0.81
0.42
0.66
0.48
0.39
0.37
0.31
0.24
0.44
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 133
0.82 9/1139/362/15
Singapore Income Group: High Income
Region: East Asia & Pacific
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.75 3/15 19/36 20/113
0.83 1/15 4/36 4/113
0.85 1/15 4/36 4/113
0.90 1/15 1/36 1/113
0.93 1/15 1/36 1/113
0.69 6/15 31/36 36/113
0.67 5/15 23/36 24/113
0.93 1/15 2/36 2/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Singapore East Asia & Pacific High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.93
0.91
0.93
0.93
0.72
0.69
0.57
0.71
0.65
0.79
0.71
0.94
0.51
0.87
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.63
0.94
0.89
0.80
0.95
0.93
0.80
0.73
0.90
0.95
0.84
0.91
0.68
0.77
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.96
1.00
0.84
0.87
0.85
0.77
0.51
0.65
0.60
0.54
0.72
0.83
0.97
0.88
0.98
0.82
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles134 |
0.67 27/11326/3618/24
Slovenia Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.61 21/24 33/36 46/113
0.66 16/24 25/36 25/113
0.64 19/24 30/36 33/113
0.62 17/24 27/36 29/113
0.83 16/24 22/36 24/113
0.77 14/24 18/36 19/113
0.66 19/24 26/36 29/113
0.60 18/24 31/36 40/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Slovenia EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.54
0.75
0.70
0.41
0.72
0.60
0.65
0.67
0.55
0.53
0.66
0.52
0.60
0.80
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.64
0.79
0.68
0.62
0.45
0.54
0.77
0.60
0.63
0.66
0.64
0.63
0.69
0.74
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.92
1.00
0.57
0.76
0.95
0.74
0.60
0.88
0.71
0.76
0.73
0.68
0.69
0.59
0.50
0.64
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 135
0.59 43/1139/371/18
South Africa Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.61 3/18 8/37 47/113
0.52 1/18 12/37 46/113
0.61 3/18 10/37 43/113
0.54 4/18 10/37 45/113
0.63 12/18 29/37 91/113
0.63 2/18 13/37 48/113
0.61 1/18 7/37 35/113
0.55 2/18 12/37 45/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.49
0.72
0.60
0.39
0.50
0.58
0.66
0.70
0.57
0.66
0.59
0.48
0.67
0.70
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.46
0.50
0.72
0.65
0.52
0.65
0.75
0.38
0.51
0.35
0.53
0.64
0.70
0.52
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.49
1.00
0.39
0.52
0.64
0.52
0.67
0.73
0.56
0.72
0.65
0.44
0.63
0.41
0.55
0.67
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles136 |
0.70 24/11324/3617/24
Spain Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.70 16/24 22/36 23/113
0.63 19/24 28/36 30/113
0.65 17/24 28/36 29/113
0.67 15/24 23/36 24/113
0.79 19/24 27/36 36/113
0.77 15/24 19/36 20/113
0.68 16/24 22/36 23/113
0.69 16/24 25/36 28/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Spain EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.65
0.79
0.84
0.47
0.69
0.62
0.71
0.68
0.69
0.63
0.66
0.61
0.75
0.88
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.70
0.73
0.72
0.65
0.48
0.52
0.77
0.56
0.53
0.69
0.53
0.73
0.58
0.78
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.84
1.00
0.52
0.67
0.85
0.78
0.75
0.78
0.79
0.81
0.71
0.64
0.79
0.57
0.67
0.66
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 137
0.51 68/1138/283/6
Sri Lanka Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: South Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.53 3/6 10/28 66/113
0.49 1/6 2/28 52/113
0.42 2/6 19/28 96/113
0.5 1/6 5/28 58/113
0.68 2/6 11/28 68/113
0.52 2/6 10/28 73/113
0.48 3/6 12/28 71/113
0.45 1/6 4/28 64/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Sri Lanka South Asia Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.46
0.54
0.54
0.27
0.37
0.56
0.52
0.48
0.52
0.50
0.56
0.42
0.52
0.68
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.43
0.43
0.54
0.44
0.22
0.36
0.55
0.51
0.42
0.41
0.59
0.58
0.50
0.41
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.83
1.00
0.20
0.49
0.45
0.41
0.52
0.61
0.47
0.57
0.65
0.56
0.56
0.45
0.39
0.55
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles138 |
0.66 30/11329/366/30
St. Kitts & Nevis Income Group: High Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.67 4/30 27/36 31/113
0.58 8/30 31/36 36/113
0.71 4/30 21/36 22/113
0.66 3/30 24/36 25/113
0.82 1/30 24/36 27/113
0.74 6/30 26/36 27/113
0.46 23/30 34/36 78/113
0.68 7/30 27/36 31/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
St. Kitts & Nevis Latin America & Caribbean High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.58
0.87
0.80
0.45
0.29
0.43
0.68
0.43
0.68
0.78
0.55
0.61
0.66
0.7
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.64
0.83
0.83
0.84
0.56
0.52
0.80
0.39
0.55
0.37
0.64
0.78
0.75
0.57
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.83
1.00
0.62
0.74
0.85
0.57
0.66
0.72
0.85
0.74
0.75
0.59
0.77
0.60
0.57
0.79
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 139
0.64 36/1135/378/30
St. Lucia Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.64 7/30 4/37 37/113
0.64 4/30 2/37 28/113
0.63 7/30 4/37 34/113
0.56 7/30 7/37 37/113
0.72 9/30 15/37 57/113
0.73 7/30 3/37 29/113
0.52 15/30 19/37 59/113
0.68 6/30 4/37 29/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
St. Lucia Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.66
0.84
0.77
0.46
0.36
0.51
0.70
0.52
0.63
0.69
0.59
0.46
0.69
0.77
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.56
0.71
0.80
0.68
0.41
0.43
0.82
0.48
0.41
0.74
0.75
0.77
0.75
0.62
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.80
1.00
0.37
0.76
0.87
0.62
0.69
0.73
0.74
0.74
0.69
0.46
0.62
0.42
0.66
0.66
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles140 |
0.61 37/1136/379/30
St.Vincent & the Grenadines Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.57 15/30 11/37 54/113
0.62 5/30 3/37 31/113
0.56 13/30 14/37 50/113
0.54 10/30 9/37 44/113
0.75 6/30 11/37 45/113
0.71 8/30 4/37 31/113
0.49 20/30 23/37 69/113
0.67 8/30 5/37 32/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
St. Vincent & the Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.61
0.77
0.82
0.46
0.26
0.59
0.61
0.50
0.54
0.55
0.57
0.51
0.61
0.66
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.60
0.50
0.69
0.58
0.45
0.36
0.74
0.49
0.53
0.56
0.57
0.76
0.81
0.59
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.78
1.00
0.46
0.56
0.84
0.59
0.61
0.85
0.83
0.75
0.65
0.44
0.77
0.45
0.59
0.46
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 141
0.53 59/11319/3716/30
Suriname Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.52 21/30 20/37 69/113
0.54 12/30 11/37 44/113
0.51 16/30 23/37 65/113
0.47 21/30 26/37 73/113
0.64 18/30 26/37 85/113
0.53 23/30 22/37 71/113
0.45 26/30 28/37 86/113
0.56 12/30 10/37 43/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Suriname Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.53
0.75
0.59
0.36
0.34
0.50
0.63
0.32
0.53
0.57
0.36
0.43
0.68
0.58
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.49
0.61
0.72
0.48
0.45
0.54
0.29
0.41
0.60
0.38
0.52
0.71
0.67
0.49
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.71
1.00
0.21
0.52
0.50
0.49
0.68
0.63
0.26
0.70
0.50
0.45
0.57
0.27
0.56
0.49
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles142 |
0.86 4/1134/364/24
Sweden Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.88 5/24 5/36 5/113
0.79 6/24 8/36 8/113
0.81 5/24 7/36 7/113
0.85 3/24 4/36 4/113
0.92 2/24 3/36 3/113
0.88 5/24 5/36 5/113
0.84 5/24 5/36 5/113
0.91 4/24 5/36 5/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Sweden EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.88
0.94
0.96
0.84
0.75
0.94
0.87
0.81
0.83
0.83
0.89
0.84
0.92
0.95
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.69
0.74
0.91
0.88
0.76
0.91
0.79
0.53
0.73
0.86
0.71
0.90
0.91
0.92
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.91
1.00
0.86
0.74
0.97
0.92
0.92
0.85
0.94
0.87
0.83
0.80
0.96
0.89
0.78
0.84
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 143
0.47 84/1135/128/18
Tanzania Income Group: Low Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.52 9/18 6/12 71/113
0.41 9/18 5/12 72/113
0.50 8/18 3/12 68/113
0.42 11/18 5/12 93/113
0.64 11/18 8/12 82/113
0.48 10/18 8/12 86/113
0.39 14/18 10/12 101/113
0.39 7/18 3/12 82/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa Low Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.45
0.37
0.30
0.46
0.24
0.46
0.49
0.36
0.55
0.56
0.37
0.56
0.48
0.58
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.41
0.56
0.41
0.48
0.44
0.61
0.59
0.38
0.43
0.35
0.43
0.37
0.55
0.34
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.64
1.00
0.30
0.51
0.40
0.34
0.48
0.65
0.35
0.56
0.50
0.48
0.46
0.37
0.28
0.50
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles144 |
0.51 64/11321/3710/15
Thailand Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: East Asia & Pacific
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.47 13/15 24/37 82/113
0.45 11/15 19/37 59/113
0.53 9/15 20/37 59/113
0.50 9/15 17/37 56/113
0.70 13/15 19/37 64/113
0.47 11/15 30/37 88/113
0.52 8/15 18/37 57/113
0.47 10/15 21/37 61/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Thailand East Asia & Pacific Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.51
0.61
0.45
0.30
0.46
0.51
0.49
0.62
0.55
0.58
0.44
0.41
0.47
0.38
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.58
0.70
0.66
0.55
0.34
0.32
0.55
0.37
0.56
0.42
0.38
0.53
0.50
0.39
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.80
0.89
0.42
0.59
0.32
0.39
0.47
0.58
0.27
0.48
0.63
0.53
0.59
0.49
0.34
0.57
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 145
0.57 48/11335/3613/30
Trinidad & Tobago Income Group: High Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.62 11/30 31/36 44/113
0.40 15/30 36/36 74/113
0.61 11/30 32/36 42/113
0.54 9/30 32/36 43/113
0.67 13/30 35/36 72/113
0.61 17/30 35/36 53/113
0.55 12/30 30/36 48/113
0.54 14/30 35/36 49/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Trinidad & Tobago Latin America & Caribbean High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.53
0.76
0.61
0.27
0.37
0.55
0.67
0.63
0.74
0.77
0.42
0.37
0.68
0.75
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.54
0.61
0.78
0.72
0.48
0.50
0.64
0.27
0.30
0.31
0.41
0.63
0.51
0.39
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.71
1.00
0.31
0.60
0.61
0.39
0.68
0.73
0.48
0.74
0.64
0.46
0.65
0.47
0.50
0.63
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles146 |
0.53 58/1133/283/7
Tunisia Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Middle East & North Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.64 1/7 4/28 39/113
0.46 3/7 5/28 56/113
0.49 5/7 7/28 71/113
0.49 5/7 7/28 64/113
0.63 6/7 17/28 88/113
0.57 1/7 6/28 62/113
0.51 1/7 7/28 60/113
0.47 5/7 3/28 60/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Tunisia Middle East & North Africa Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.54
0.40
0.52
0.40
0.36
0.48
0.68
0.53
0.73
0.62
0.57
0.43
0.72
0.74
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.47
0.60
0.40
0.54
0.46
0.34
0.60
0.44
0.63
0.36
0.34
0.49
0.50
0.47
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.72
0.75
0.44
0.57
0.55
0.47
0.72
0.61
0.33
0.74
0.54
0.53
0.58
0.36
0.40
0.60
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 147
0.43 99/11336/3713/13
Turkey Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.32 12/13 36/37 108/113
0.40 8/13 24/37 75/113
0.46 12/13 33/37 86/113
0.44 9/13 31/37 84/113
0.59 12/13 34/37 98/113
0.34 13/13 34/37 105/113
0.42 12/13 34/37 96/113
0.48 4/13 19/37 58/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Turkey Eastern Europe & Central Asia Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.45
0.53
0.66
0.27
0.47
0.49
0.24
0.47
0.40
0.29
0.31
0.27
0.23
0.41
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.47
0.42
0.50
0.25
0.32
0.50
0.73
0.47
0.42
0.43
0.36
0.54
0.13
0.45
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.76
0.54
0.47
0.51
0.41
0.45
0.23
0.18
0.24
0.26
0.42
0.42
0.57
0.52
0.26
0.44
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles148 |
0.39 105/1139/1215/18
Uganda Income Group: Low Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.40 16/18 10/12 101/113
0.34 15/18 9/12 93/113
0.42 14/18 7/12 97/113
0.37 15/18 8/12 105/113
0.56 15/18 11/12 105/113
0.39 16/18 10/12 102/113
0.39 13/18 9/12 100/113
0.27 15/18 10/12 107/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa Low Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.26
0.39
0.26
0.17
0.19
0.37
0.46
0.54
0.40
0.42
0.40
0.40
0.44
0.32
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.36
0.45
0.37
0.38
0.34
0.46
0.59
0.35
0.41
0.42
0.27
0.30
0.31
0.31
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.53
0.92
0.22
0.53
0.28
0.31
0.44
0.60
0.05
0.51
0.39
0.43
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.44
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 149
0.49 78/11312/289/13
Ukraine Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.45 6/13 18/28 88/113
0.40 9/13 11/28 77/113
0.47 9/13 10/28 78/113
0.40 12/13 22/28 100/113
0.65 11/13 15/28 80/113
0.63 3/13 2/28 47/113
0.55 6/13 5/28 50/113
0.36 9/13 16/28 89/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Ukraine Eastern Europe & Central Asia Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.41
0.37
0.38
0.29
0.51
0.52
0.63
0.54
0.63
0.24
0.39
0.31
0.60
0.55
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.53
0.63
0.34
0.33
0.62
0.29
0.57
0.26
0.48
0.45
0.53
0.30
0.30
0.45
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.76
0.75
0.44
0.67
0.56
0.45
0.60
0.73
0.51
0.84
0.7
0.40
0.36
0.53
0.39
0.30
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles150 |
0.66 33/11330/361/7
United Arab Emirates Income Group: High Income
Region: Middle East & North Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.61 2/7 32/36 45/113
0.74 1/7 14/36 14/113
0.68 1/7 24/36 25/113
0.68 1/7 21/36 21/113
0.89 1/7 11/36 12/113
0.46 4/7 36/36 90/113
0.39 5/7 36/36 102/113
0.80 1/7 15/36 15/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
United Arab Emirates Middle East & North Africa High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.79
0.86
0.84
0.73
0.34
0.37
0.34
0.51
0.55
0.67
0.74
0.79
0.36
0.59
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.52
0.61
0.84
0.70
0.72
0.67
0.67
0.66
0.80
0.73
0.71
0.87
0.71
0.73
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.93
1.00
0.73
0.61
0.46
0.73
0.36
0.46
0.25
0.28
0.51
0.68
0.91
0.63
0.53
0.65
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 151
0.81 10/11310/368/24
United Kingdom Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.85 7/24 8/36 8/113
0.76 8/24 10/36 10/113
0.75 10/24 16/36 16/113
0.79 9/24 14/36 14/113
0.85 10/24 16/36 17/113
0.81 11/24 12/36 12/113
0.84 6/24 7/36 7/113
0.82 9/24 14/36 14/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
United Kingdom EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.82
0.95
0.84
0.68
0.90
0.74
0.86
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.84
0.81
0.85
0.93
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.56
0.66
0.91
0.88
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.70
0.76
0.61
0.67
0.83
0.93
0.79
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.89
1.00
0.67
0.71
0.92
0.79
0.85
0.88
0.75
0.88
0.68
0.73
0.91
0.62
0.85
0.82
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles152 |
0.74 18/11318/3613/24
United States Income Group: High Income
Region: EU & EFTA & North America
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.81 11/24 13/36 13/113
0.68 14/24 22/36 22/113
0.65 16/24 27/36 28/113
0.71 13/24 19/36 19/113
0.80 18/24 26/36 31/113
0.75 16/24 20/36 21/113
0.78 10/24 12/36 12/113
0.73 13/24 20/36 20/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
United States EU & EFTA & North America High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.71
0.87
0.79
0.56
0.75
0.72
0.83
0.81
0.86
0.83
0.81
0.69
0.84
0.83
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.41
0.46
0.87
0.75
0.61
0.66
0.80
0.76
0.74
0.56
0.46
0.73
0.80
0.70
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.79
1.00
0.62
0.52
0.88
0.70
0.84
0.77
0.84
0.86
0.58
0.69
0.83
0.53
0.75
0.74
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 153
0.72 20/11320/361/30
Uruguay Income Group: High Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.79 1/30 16/36 16/113
0.58 7/30 30/36 34/113
0.73 1/30 17/36 17/113
0.69 1/30 20/36 20/113
0.73 7/30 31/36 52/113
0.80 1/30 14/36 14/113
0.70 2/30 18/36 18/113
0.77 1/30 18/36 18/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Uruguay Latin America & Caribbean High Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.74
0.86
0.83
0.63
0.74
0.61
0.80
0.65
0.80
0.72
0.71
0.72
0.84
0.93
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.79
0.77
0.76
0.80
0.63
0.61
0.74
0.46
0.40
0.40
0.68
0.74
0.74
0.66
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.70
1.00
0.49
0.70
0.90
0.66
0.84
0.91
0.77
0.88
0.76
0.62
0.81
0.57
0.62
0.82
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles154 |
0.45 93/11316/2812/13
Uzbekistan Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.30 13/13 28/28 111/113
0.44 6/13 6/28 62/113
0.51 6/13 4/28 64/113
0.45 8/13 12/28 81/113
0.91 1/13 1/28 5/113
0.36 12/13 25/28 104/113
0.31 13/13 26/28 109/113
0.33 10/13 20/28 96/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Uzbekistan Eastern Europe & Central Asia Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.30
0.36
0.30
0.37
0.47
0.19
0.16
0.42
0.12
0.21
0.39
0.39
0.24
0.42
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.38
0.65
0.35
0.40
0.79
0.45
0.58
0.64
0.73
0.54
0.32
0.29
0.22
0.31
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.87
1.00
0.85
0.60
0.33
0.31
0.24
0.64
0.11
0.06
0.59
0.60
0.44
0.72
0.30
0.19
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 155
0.28 113/11337/3730/30
Venezuela Income Group: Upper Middle Income
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.18 30/30 37/37 113/113
0.13 30/30 37/37 113/113
0.29 30/30 37/37 112/113
0.21 30/30 37/37 113/113
0.48 30/30 37/37 110/113
0.33 30/30 35/37 107/113
0.32 30/30 37/37 108/113
0.25 30/30 37/37 110/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Venezuela Latin America & Caribbean Upper Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.24
0.15
0.31
0.29
0.33
0.26
0.29
0.41
0.26
0.14
0.17
0.08
0.21
0.20
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.53
0.49
0.19
0.05
0.07
0.25
0.47
0.13
0.12
0.03
0.22
0.19
0.05
0.20
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.23
1.00
0.21
0.60
0.14
0.20
0.21
0.60
0.02
0.35
0.56
0.35
0.39
0.13
0.06
0.15
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles156 |
0.51 67/1137/2811/15
Vietnam Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: East Asia & Pacific
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.49 12/15 17/28 81/113
0.5 8/15 1/28 51/113
0.47 11/15 11/28 80/113
0.43 14/15 17/28 91/113
0.79 9/15 4/28 35/113
0.54 8/15 8/28 68/113
0.43 12/15 20/28 92/113
0.45 11/15 6/28 67/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Vietnam East Asia & Pacific Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.54
0.36
0.46
0.45
0.51
0.31
0.42
0.48
0.42
0.36
0.65
0.63
0.41
0.47
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.46
0.69
0.33
0.32
0.55
0.41
0.52
0.48
0.53
0.44
0.73
0.54
0.29
0.52
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.81
1.00
0.55
0.68
0.62
0.52
0.41
0.49
0.60
0.39
0.60
0.52
0.40
0.45
0.38
0.40
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 157
0.48 81/11313/287/18
Zambia Income Group: Lower Middle Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.50 11/18 16/28 79/113
0.42 8/18 9/28 69/113
0.50 7/18 6/28 67/113
0.45 8/18 13/28 83/113
0.67 6/18 12/28 70/113
0.45 14/18 20/28 95/113
0.43 10/18 19/28 91/113
0.40 6/18 12/28 81/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa Lower Middle Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.39
0.51
0.38
0.31
0.31
0.43
0.47
0.50
0.52
0.42
0.47
0.54
0.44
0.59
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.49
0.42
0.42
0.50
0.43
0.75
0.52
0.45
0.51
0.18
0.53
0.39
0.50
0.35
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.63
1.00
0.39
0.45
0.39
0.35
0.44
0.71
0.32
0.48
0.43
0.52
0.39
0.41
0.47
0.44
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles158 |
0.37 108/11311/1217/18
Zimbabwe Income Group: Low Income
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Overall Score Regional Rank Income Rank
Factor
Trend
Factor
Score
Regional
Rank
Income
Rank
Global
Rank
Global Rank
Constraints on
Government Powers
Open Government
Order & Security
Civil Justice
Criminal Justice
Regulatory Enforcement
Fundamental Rights
Absence of Corruption
0.26 18/18 12/12 112/113
0.36 12/18 7/12 85/113
0.46 11/18 5/12 84/113
0.35 17/18 11/12 108/113
0.67 7/18 4/12 71/113
0.28 18/18 12/12 113/113
0.30 17/18 11/12 110/113
0.29 14/18 9/12 104/113
Trending down Trending upLowHigh
Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa Low Income
Constraints on Government Powers
Absence of Corruption
Open Government
1.5 Non-governmental
checks
1.6 Lawful transition
of power
1.4 Sanctions for official
misconduct
2.4 No corruption in the
legislature
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
1.1 Limits by legislature
2.1 No corruption in the
executive branch
3.1 Publicized laws and
government data
1.2 Limits by judiciary
No corruption in the
judiciary
2.2
Right to information3.2
1.3 Independent auditing
No corruption in the
police/military
2.3
Civic participation3.3
0.26
0.39
0.29
0.20
0.24
0.40
0.18
0.37
0.32
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.14
0.15
Civil Justice
7.5 No unreasonable delay
7.6 Effective enforcement
7.7 Impartial and
effective ADRs
7.4 No improper
government influence
7.1 Accessibility and
affordability
7.2 No discrimination
7.3 No corruption
Criminal Justice
8.5 No corruption
8.6 No improper
government influence
8.7 Due process of law
8.4 No discrimination
8.1 Effective investigations
8.2
8.3 Effective
correctional system
0.42
0.54
0.40
0.21
0.51
0.51
0.62
0.44
0.52
0.37
0.42
0.28
0.20
0.30
Fundamental Rights
Regulatory Enforcement
Order & Security
4.5 Freedom of religion
6.5 No expropriation w/out
adequate compensation
4.6 Right to privacy
4.7 Freedom of association
4.8 Labor rights
4.4 Freedom of expression
6.4 Respect for due process
4.1 Equal treatment /
no discrimination
6.1 Effective regulatory
enforcement
5.1 Absence of crime
4.2 Right to life and security
6.2 No improper influence
Absence of civil conflict5.2
4.3 Due process of law
6.3 No unreasonable delay
Absence of violent
redress
5.3
0.65
1.00
0.37
0.37
0.20
0.30
0.14
0.44
0.16
0.17
0.48
0.41
0.39
0.35
0.34
0.24
Constraints on
Government Powers
Fundamental
Rights
Regulatory
Enforcement
Criminal
Justice
Civil
Justice
Order and
Security
Absence of
Corruption
Open
Government
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.85.1
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.1
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
Timely and effective
adjudication
CountryProfiles | 159
Methodology
Methodology162 |
Methodology
The WJP Rule of Law Index is the first attempt to systematically and
comprehensively quantify the rule of law around the world, and remains unique in
its operationalization of rule of law dimensions into concrete questions.
The WJP Rule of Law Index 2016 report presents information
on eight composite factors that are further disaggregated
into 44 specific sub-factors. An outline of these factors and
sub-factors begins on the next page. Factor 9, informal
justice, is included in the framework, but has been excluded
from the aggregated scores and rankings in order to provide
meaningful cross-country comparisons. In attempting
to present an image that accurately portrays the rule of law
as experienced by ordinary people, each score of the Index
is calculated using a large number of questions drawn from
two original data sources collected by the World Justice
Project in each country: a General Population Poll (GPP) and
a series of Qualified Respondents’ Questionnaires (QRQs).
These two data sources collect up-to-date firsthand
information that is not available at the global level, and
constitute the world’s most comprehensive dataset
of its kind. They capture the experiences and perceptions
of ordinary citizens and in-country professionals concerning
the performance of the state and its agents and the actual
operation of the legal framework in their country. The
country scores and rankings presented in this report are
built from more than 500 variables drawn from
the assessments of more than 110,000 citizens and 2,700
legal experts in 113 countries and jurisdictions, making
it the most accurate portrayal of the factors that contribute
to shaping the rule of law in a nation.
Methodology | 163
The Indicators of the World Justice Project's Rule of Law Index®
The World Justice Project’s Rule of Law Index comprises 44 sub-factors organized
around eight aggregated factors. The following table presents a summary of
the concepts underlying each of these sub-factors. A full map of the variables
used to calculate the Index scores is available in the "Methodology" section
of the WJP Rule of Law Index website.
1.5 Government powers are subject to
non-governmental checks
1.6 Transition of power is subject to the law
1.4
2.4
Government officials are sanctioned for misconduct
Government officials in the legislative branch do not
use public office for private gain
1.1 2.1Government powers are effectively limited
by the legislature
Government officials in the executive branch do not
use public office for private gain
1.2
2.2
Government powers are effectively limited
by the judiciary
Government officials in the judicial branch do not
use public office for private gain1.3
2.3
Government powers are effectively limited
by independent auditing and review
Government officials in the police and the military
do not use public office for private gain
Measures whether legislative bodies have the ability
in practice to exercise effective checks and oversight
of the government.
Measures the prevalence of bribery, informal
payments, and other inducements in the delivery of
public services and the enforcement of regulations.
It also measures whether government procurement
and public works contracts are awarded through an
open and competitive bidding process, and whether
government officials at various levels of the executive
branch refrain from embezzling public funds.
Measures whether the judiciary has the
independence and the ability in practice to exercise
effective checks on the government.
Measures whether judges and judicial officials refrain
from soliciting and accepting bribes to perform
duties or expedite processes, and whether
the judiciary and judicial rulings are free of improper
influence by the government, private interests,
and criminal organizations.
Measures whether government officials in the
executive, legislature, judiciary, and the police are
investigated, prosecuted, and punished for official
misconduct and other violations.
Measures whether members of the legislature
refrain from soliciting or accepting bribes or other
inducements in exchange for political favors
or favorable votes on legislation.
Measures whether an independent media, civil
society organizations, political parties, and individuals
are free to report and comment on government
policies without fear of retaliation.
Measures whether government officials are elected
or appointed in accordance with the rules and
procedures set forth in the constitution. Where
elections take place, it also measures the integrity
of the electoral process, including access to the
ballot, the absence of intimidation, and public
scrutiny of election results.
Measures whether comptrollers or auditors, as well as
national human rights ombudsman agencies, have
sufficient independence and the ability to exercise
effective checks and oversight of the government.
Measures whether police officers and criminal
investigators refrain from soliciting and accepting
bribes to perform basic police services or
to investigate crimes, and whether government
officials in the police and the military are free
of improper influence by private interests
or criminal organizations.
Factor 1: Constraints on Government Powers Factor 2: Absence of Corruption
Methodology164 |
3.4 Complaint mechanisms
3.1 Publicized laws and government data
3.2 Right to information
3.3 Civic participation
Measures whether basic laws and information on
legal rights are publicly available, presented in plain
language, and are made accessible in all languages.
It also measures the quality and accessibility of
information published by the government in print or
online, and whether administrative regulations, drafts
of legislation, and high court decisions are made
accessible to the public in a timely manner.
Measures whether requests for information held by
a government agency are granted, whether these
requests are granted within a reasonable time period,
if the information provided is pertinent and complete,
and if requests for information are granted at a
reasonable cost and without having to pay a bribe.
It also measures whether people are aware of their
right to information, and whether relevant records are
accessible to the public upon request.
Measures whether people are able to bring
specific complaints to the government about the
provision of public services or the performance of
government officers in carrying out their legal
duties in practice, and how government officials
respond to such complaints.
Measures the effectiveness of civic participation
mechanisms, including the protection of the freedoms
of opinion and expression, assembly and association,
and the right to petition the government. It also
measures whether people can voice concerns
to various government officers, and whether
government officials provide sufficient information
and notice about decisions affecting the community.
Factor 3: Open Government
4.5 Freedom of belief and religion
is effectively guaranteed
4.4 Freedom of opinion and expression
is effectively guaranteed
4.1 Equal treatment and absence of discrimination
4.2 The right to life and security of the person
is effectively guaranteed
4.3 Due process of law and rights of the accused
Measures whether individuals are free from
discrimination - based on socio-economic status,
gender, ethnicity, religion, national origin, or
sexual orientation, or gender identity - including
with respect to public services, employment,
court proceedings, and the justice system.
Measures whether the police inflict physical harm
upon criminal suspects during arrest and
interrogation, and whether political dissidents
or members of the media are subjected to
unreasonable searches or to arrest, dentention,
imprisonment, threats, abusive treatment or violence.
Measures whether an independent media, civil
society organizations, political parties, and individuals
are free to report and comment on government
policies without fear of retaliation.
Measures whether members of religious minorities
can worship and conduct religious practices
freely and publicly, and whether non-adherents
are protected from having to submit to religious laws.
Measures whether the basic rights of criminal
suspects are respected, including the presumption of
innocence and the freedom from arbitrary arrest
and unreasonable pre-trial detention. It also measures
whether criminal suspects are able to access and
challenge evidence used against them, whether
they are subject to abusive treatment, and whether
they are provided with adequate legal assistance.
In addition, it also measures whether the basic rights
of prisoners are respected once they have been
convicted of a crime.
Factor 4: Fundamental Rights
Methodology | 165
6.5 The government does not expropriate without
lawful process and adequate compensation
4.6
4.7
4.8
Freedom from arbitrary interference with privacy
is effectively guaranteed
Freedom of assembly and association
is effectively guaranteed
Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed
6.4 Due process is respected in administrative
proceedings
6.1
5.1
Government regulations are effectively enforced
Crime is effectively controlled
6.2
5.2
Government regulations are applied and enforced
without improper influence
Civil conflict is effectively limited
6.3
5.3
Administrative proceedings are conducted without
unreasonable delay
People do not resort to violence to redress
personal grievances
Measures whether government regulations,
such as labor, environmental, public health,
commercial, and consumer protection regulations,
are effectively enforced.
Measures the prevalence of common crimes,
including homicide, kidnapping, burglary and theft,
armed robbery, and extortion, as well as people’s
general perceptions of safety in their communities.
Measures whether the enforcement of regulations
is subject to bribery or improper influence by private
interests, and whether public services, such
as the issuance of permits and licenses and the
administration of public health services, are provided
without bribery or other inducements.
Measures whether people are effectively protected
from armed conflict and terrorism.
Measures whether the due process of law is
respected in administrative proceedings conducted
by national and local authorities, including in such
areas as the environment, taxes, and labor.
Measures whether the government respects the
property rights of people and corporations,
refrains from the illegal seizure of private property,
and provides adequate compensation when
property is legally expropriated.
Measures whether the police or other government
officials conduct physical searches without warrants,
or intercept electronic communications of private
individuals without judicial authorization.
Measures whether people can freely attend
community meetings, join political organizations, hold
peaceful public demonstrations, sign petitions,
and express opinions against government policies
and actions without fear of retaliation.
Measures the effective enforcement of fundamental
labor rights, including freedom of association
and the right to collective bargaining, the absence
of discrimination with respect to employment, and
freedom from forced labor and child labor.
Measures whether administrative proceedings
at the national and local levels are conducted
without unreasonable delay.
Measures whether people resort to intimidation or
violence to resolve civil disputes amongst themselves,
or to seek redress from the government, and whether
people are free from mob violence.
Factor 5: Order & Security
Factor 6: Regulatory Enforcement
Methodology166 |
7.5
8.5
7.7
8.7
Civil justice is not subject to unreasonable delay
Criminal system is free of corruption
Alternative dispute resolution mechanisms are
accessible, impartial, and effective
Due process of law and rights of the accused
7.4 8.4
7.6
8.6
Civil justice is free of improper
government influence
Criminal system is impartial
Civil justice is effectively enforced
Criminal justice is free of improper
government influence
7.1 8.1People can access and afford civil justice Criminal investigative system is effective
7.2
8.2
Civil justice is free of discrimination
Criminal adjudiciation system is timely and effective
7.3
8.3
Civil justice is free of corruption
Correctional system is effective in reducing
criminal behavior
Measures the accessibility and affordability of civil
courts, including whether people are aware
of available remedies, can access and afford legal
advice and representation, and can access the
court system without incurring unreasonable fees,
encountering unreasonable procedural hurdles,
or experiencing physical or linguistic barriers.
Measures whether perpetrators of crimes
are effectively apprehended and charged. It also
measures whether police, investigators, and
prosecutors have adequate resources, are free
of corruption, and perform their duties competently.
Measures whether the civil justice system
discriminates in practice based on socio-economic
status, gender, ethnicity, religion, national origin,
sexual orientation, or gender identity.
Measures whether perpetrators of crimes are
effectively prosecuted and punished. It also measures
whether criminal judges and other judicial officers
are competent and produce speedy decisions.
Measures whether the civil justice system is free of
improper government or political influence.
Measures whether the police and criminal judges
are impartial and whether they discriminate
in practice based on socio-economic status, gender,
ethnicity, religion, national origin, sexual orientation,
or gender identity.
Measures the effectiveness and timeliness of
the enforcement of civil justice decisions
and judgments in practice.
Measures whether the criminal justice system is
independent from government or political influence.
Measures whether civil justice proceedings are
conducted and judgments are produced in a timely
manner without unreasonable delay. Measures whether the police, prosecutors, and
judges are free from bribery and improper influence
from criminal organizations.
Measures whether alternative dispute resolution
mechanisms (ADRs) are affordable, efficient,
enforceable, and free from corruption.
Measures whether the basic rights of criminal
suspects are respected, including the presumption of
innocence and the freedom from arbitrary arrest
and unreasonable pre-trial detention. It also measures
whether criminal suspects are able to access and
challenge evidence used against them, whether they
are subject to abusive treatment, and whether
they are provided with adequate legal assistance.
In addition, it measures whether the basic
rights of prisoners are respected once they have
been convicted of a crime.
Measures whether the civil justice system is free of
bribery and improper influence by private interests.
Measures whether correctional institutions are
secure, respect prisoners’ rights, and are effective
in preventing recidivism.
Factor 7: Civil Justice Factor 8: Criminal Justice
Methodology | 167
Every year the WJP collects data from representative
samples of the general public (the General Population Polls
or GPPs) and legal professionals (the Qualified Respondents’
Questionnaires or QRQs) to compute the Index scores and
rankings. The GPP surveys provide firsthand information
on the experiences and the perceptions of ordinary people
regarding a range of pertinent rule of law information,
including their dealings with the government, the ease of
interacting with state bureaucracy, the extent of bribery
and corruption, the availability of dispute resolution
systems, and the prevalence of common crimes to which
they are exposed. The GPP questionnaire includes
101 perception-based questions and 106 experience-based
questions, along with socio-demographic information on
all respondents. The questionnaire is translated into
local languages, adapted to common expressions, and
administered by leading local polling companies
using a probability sample of 1,000 respondents in the
three largest cities of each country. Depending on the
particular situation of each country, three different polling
methodologies are used: face-to-face, telephone, or
online. The GPPs are carried out in each country every
other year. The polling data used in this year’s report
were collected during the fall of 2013 (for 1 country), the
fall of 2014 (for 51 countries), and the summer of 2016
(for 61 countries). Detailed information regarding the cities
covered, the polling companies contracted to administer
the questionnaire, and the polling methodology employed
in each of the 113 countries is presented on page 168.
The QRQs complement the polling data with assessments
from in-country professionals with expertise in civil and
commercial law, criminal justice, labor law, and public health.
These questionnaires gather timely input from practitioners
who frequently interact with state institutions, including
information on the efficacy of courts, the strength of
regulatory enforcement, and the reliability of accountability
mechanisms. The questionnaires contain close-ended
perception questions and several hypothetical scenarios
with highly detailed factual assumptions aimed at ensuring
comparability across countries. The QRQ surveys are
conducted annually, and the questionnaires are completed
by respondents selected from directories of law firms,
universities and colleges, research organizations, and nongovernmental
organizations, as well as through referrals
Once collected, the data are carefully processed to arrive
at country-level scores. As a first step, the respondent-level
data are edited to exclude partially-completed surveys,
suspicious data, and outliers (which are detected using
the Z-score method). Individual answers are then mapped
onto the 44 sub-factors of the Index (or onto
the intermediate categories that make up each sub-factor),
codified so that all values fall between 0 (least rule of law)
and 1 (most rule of law), and aggregated at the country level
using the simple (or unweighted) average of all respondents.
To allow for an easier comparison across years, the 2016
scores have been normalized using the Min-Max method
with a base year of 2015. These normalized scores
were then successively aggregated from the variable
level all the way up to the factor level to produce the
final country scores and rankings. In most cases,
the GPP and QRQ questions are equally weighted in
the calculation of the scores of the intermediate categories
(sub-factors and sub-sub-factors). A full picture of
how questions are mapped onto indicators and how they
are weighted is presented in the WJP website.
As a final step, data are validated and cross-checked against
qualitative and quantitative third-party sources to provide
an additional layer of analysis and to identify possible
mistakes or inconsistencies within the data. The third-party
data sources used to cross-check the Index scores are
described in Botero and Ponce (2011).
from the WJP global network of practitioners, and vetted
by WJP staff based on their expertise. The expert
surveys are administered in three languages: English,
French, and Spanish. The QRQ data for this report include
over 2,700 surveys, representing an average of
24 respondents per country. These data were collected
from May through September 2016.
Data Sources
Data Cleaning and Score Computation
Data Validation
¹ This year, the WJP added 11 Latin American and Caribbean countries to
the Index. Due to the small populations of many of these countries and
the difficulties of meeting the sample quotas in the three largest cities, the
sampling plan was adjusted in some cases. One adjustment was to decrease
the sample size to 500 respondents. A second was to conduct a nationally
representative poll that covered a larger portion of the country. For more
information on the specific countries and sample sizes, see page 168 on city
coverage and polling methodology.
Methodology168 |
City Coverage and Polling Methodology in the
113 Indexed Countries & Jurisdictions
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
CITIES COVERED POLLING COMPANY METHODOLOGY SAMPLE YEAR
Afghanistan Kabul, Kandahar, Herat
ACSOR Surveys, a subsidiary of D3
Systems, Inc.
Face-to-face 1005 2016
Albania Tirana, Durres, Fier IDRA Research & Consulting Face-to-face 1000 2016
Antigua & Barbuda Nationally representative sample Mercaplan Face-to-face 510 2016
Argentina Buenos Aires, Cordoba, Rosario Statmark Group Face-to-face 1006 2016
Australia Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane Survey Sampling International Online 1000 2016
Austria Vienna, Graz, Linz Survey Sampling International Online 1008 2014
Bahamas Nassau, Freeport, Lucaya CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 504 2016
Bangladesh Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna Org-Quest Research Face-to-face 1000 2016
Barbados Nationally representative sample Mercaplan Face-to-face 506 2016
Belarus Minsk, Gomel, Mogilev
Market Research & Polls - EURASIA
(MRP-EURASIA)
Face-to-face 1000 2014
Belgium Brussels, Antwerp, Liège YouGov Online 1001 2016
Belize Belize City, San Ignacio, Belmopan CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 1020 2014
Bolivia La Paz, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba CAPTURA Consulting SRL Face-to-face 1000 2016
Bosnia & Herzegovina Sarajevo, Tuzla, Banja Luka
Market Research & Polls - EURASIA
(MRP-EURASIA)
Face-to-face 1000 2014
Botswana
Molepolole, Gaborone,
Francistown
Intraspace Market Consultancy Ltd. Face-to-face 1000 2016
Brazil Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Sao Paolo IBOPE Market Research Face-to-face 1000 2014
Bulgaria Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna Alpha Research Face-to-face 1001 2016
Burkina Faso
Ouagadougou, Bobo Dioulasso,
Dédougou
TNS-RMS Cameroon Face-to-face 1000 2014
Cambodia
Phnom Penh, Battambang,
Kampong Cham
Indochina Research Face-to-face 1000 2014
Cameroon Douala, Yaoundé, Bamenda Liaison Marketing Face-to-face 1000 2016
Canada Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver Survey Sampling International Online 920 2014
Chile Santiago, Valparaiso, Concepcion D3 Systems, Inc. Face-to-face 1000 2014
China Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing
WJP in collaboration with local
partner
Face-to-face 1014 2016
Colombia Bogotá, Medellín, Cali Tempo Group Face-to-face 1007 2016
Costa Rica San Jose, Alajuela, Cartago CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 1020 2014
Cote d’Ivoire Abidjan, San Pedro, Bouake TNS-RMS Cameroon Face-to-face 1000 2014
Croatia Zagreb, Split, Rijeka Ipsos d.o.o. Face-to-face 1000 2016
Czech Republic Prague, Brno, Ostrava Survey Sampling International Online 997 2014
Denmark Copenhagen, Arhus, Odense SIS International Research Online 1050 2014
Dominica Nationally representative sample Statmark Group Face-to-face 500 2016
Dominican Republic
Santo Domingo, Santiago, La
Romana
CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 1018 2016
Ecuador Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca Statmark Group Face-to-face 1000 2014
Egypt Cairo, Alexandria, Giza
D3 Systems, Inc./WJP in
collaboration with local partner
Phone/Face-to-face 300/1000 2014/2012
El Salvador
San Salvador, Santa Ana, San
Miguel
CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 1004 2016
Methodology | 169
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
CITIES COVERED POLLING COMPANY METHODOLOGY SAMPLE YEAR
Estonia Tallinn, Tartu, Narva Norstat Online 800 2014
Ethiopia Addis Ababa Infinite Insight Face-to-face 570 2014
Finland Helsinki, Espoo, Tampere SIS International Research Online 1050 2014
France Paris, Lyon, Marseille YouGov Online 1011 2016
Georgia Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Batumi ACT Face-to-face 1000 2014
Germany Berlin, Hamburg, Munich YouGov Online 1012 2016
Ghana Accra, Kumasi, Sekondi-Takoradi FACTS International Ghana Limited Face-to-face 1016 2016
Greece Athens, Thessaloniki, Patras Survey Sampling International Online 1000 2014
Grenada Nationally representative sample Mercaplan Face-to-face 510 2016
Guatemala Guatemala City, Villa Nueva, Mixco CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 1036 2016
Guyana
Georgetown, Linden, New
Amsterdam
CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 506 2016
Honduras
Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula, La
Ceiba
CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 1020 2014
Hong Kong SAR, China Hong Kong IBI Partners Face-to-face 1010 2014
Hungary Budapest, Debrecen, Szeged
Market Research & Polls - EURASIA
(MRP-EURASIA)
Face-to-face 1000 2014
India Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore DataPrompt International Pvt. Ltd. Face-to-face 1002 2016
Indonesia Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung MRI-Marketing Research Indonesia Face-to-face 1011 2014
Iran Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan Ipsos Public Affairs Telephone 1005 2016
Italy Rome, Milan, Naples Survey Sampling International Online 1000 2014
Jamaica
Kingston & St. Andrew, St.
Catherine, St. James
Statmark Group Face-to-face 1000 2014
Japan Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya Survey Sampling International Online 1000 2016
Jordan Amman, Irbid, Zarqa
WJP in collaboration with local
partner
Face-to-face 1000 2016
Kazakhstan Almaty, Astana, Shymkent
WJP in collaboration with local
partner
Face-to-face 1000 2016
Kenya Nairobi, Mombasa, Nakuru Infinite Insight Face-to-face 1085 2016
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek, Osh, Jalalabad
WJP in collaboration with local
partner
Face-to-face 1000 2016
Lebanon Beirut, Tripoli, Sidon IIACSS Face-to-face 1003 2014
Liberia Monrovia, Gbarnga, Kakata FACTS International Ghana Limited Face-to-face 1008 2016
Macedonia, FYR Skopje, Kumanovo, Bitola
Market Research & Polls - EURASIA
(MRP-EURASIA)
Face-to-face 1000 2014
Madagascar
Antananarivo, Antsirabe,
Toamasina
DCDM Research Face-to-face 1000 2014
Malawi Blantyre, Lilongwe, Mzuzu Consumer Options Ltd. Face-to-face 997 2014
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bahru, Ipoh IBI Partners Face-to-face 1011 2014
Mexico
Mexico City, Guadalajara,
Monterrey
Data Opinion Publica y Mercados Face-to-face 1005 2014
Moldova Chisinau, Balti, Cahul
Market Research & Polls - EURASIA
(MRP-EURASIA)
Face-to-face 1000 2014
Mongolia Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan, Erdenet Sant Maral Face-to-face 1000 2014
Morocco Casablanca, Rabat, Marrakesh Ipsos Public Affairs Face-to-face 1000 2013
Methodology170 |
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
CITIES COVERED POLLING COMPANY METHODOLOGY SAMPLE YEAR
Myanmar Mandalay, Naypyidaw, Yangon APMI Partners Face-to-face 1008 2016
Nepal Kathmandu, Pokhara, Biratnagar Solutions Consultant Face-to-face 1000 2014
Netherlands Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague YouGov Online 1017 2016
New Zealand Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch IBI Partners Telephone 1003 2014
Nicaragua Managua, Masaya, Leon CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 1020 2014
Nigeria Lagos, Oyo, Kano Marketing Support Consultancy Face-to-face 1000 2016
Norway Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim SIS International Research Online 1050 2014
Pakistan Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad
Gallup Pakistan (affiliated with
Gallup International)
Face-to-face 1920 2016
Panama Panama City, San Miguelito, David CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 1020 2014
Peru Lima, Arequipa, Trujillo Datum Internacional S.A. Face-to-face 1007 2016
Philippines Manila, Davao, Cebu APMI Partners Face-to-face 1008 2016
Poland Warsaw, Lodz, Krakow IQS Sp. z o.o. Face-to-face 1000 2016
Portugal Lisbon, Villa Nova de Gaia, Sintra Survey Sampling International Online 1001 2014
Republic of Korea Seoul, Busan, Incheon Survey Sampling International Online 1025 2016
Romania Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara Ipsos S.R.L. Face-to-face 1000 2016
Russia
Moscow, Saint Petersburg,
Novosibirsk
WJP in collaboration with local
partner
Face-to-face 1000 2016
Senegal Dakar, Thiès, Saint-Louis Liaison Marketing Face-to-face 1001 2014
Serbia Belgrade, Novi Sad, Nis
Market Research & Polls - EURASIA
(MRP-EURASIA)
Face-to-face 1000 2014
Sierra Leone Freetown, Bo, Kenema Liaison Marketing Face-to-face 1000 2016
Singapore Singapore Survey Sampling International Online 1000 2014
Slovenia Ljubljana, Maribor, Oelje
Market Research & Polls - EURASIA
(MRP-EURASIA)
Face-to-face 1000 2014
South Africa Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban Quest Research Services Face-to-face 1000 2016
Spain Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia YouGov Online 1005 2016
Sri Lanka Colombo, Negombo, Kandy PepperCube Consultants Face-to-face 1030 2014
St. Kitts & Nevis
Basseterre, St. Peter, St. Thomas
Middle Island
UNIMER Face-to-face 508 2016
St. Lucia Castries, Micoud, Vieux Fort Statmark Group Face-to-face 1004 2016
St. Vincent & the
Grenadines
Calliaqua, Kingstown, Kingstown
Park
UNIMER Face-to-face 501 2016
Suriname Paramaribo, Lelydrop, Brokopondo CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 504 2016
Sweden Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmo YouGov Online 1002 2016
Tanzania Mwanza, Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar Consumer Options Ltd. Face-to-face 1017 2016
Thailand
Bangkok, Udon Thani, Nakhon
Ratchasima
Infosearch Limited Face-to-face 1005 2016
Trinidad & Tobago
Port of Spain, Chaguanas, San
Fernando
CID-Gallup Latin America Face-to-face 1008 2016
Tunisia Tunis, Sfax, Sousse BJKA Consulting (BJ Group) Face-to-face 1000 2014
Turkey Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir TNS Turkey Face-to-face 1011 2016
Uganda Kampala, Kira, Mbarara TNS-RMS Cameroon Face-to-face 1078 2016
Ukraine Kiev, Kharkiv, Odesa
Market Research & Polls - EURASIA
(MRP-EURASIA)
Face-to-face 1000 2014
Methodology | 171
COUNTRY/
JURISDICTION
CITIES COVERED POLLING COMPANY METHODOLOGY SAMPLE YEAR
United Arab Emirates Dubai, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi
Dolfin Market Research &
Consultancy (DolfinX)
Face-to-face 1610 2014
United Kingdom London, Birmingham, Manchester YouGov Online 1024 2016
United States New York, Los Angeles, Chicago YouGov Online 1018 2016
Uruguay Montevideo, Salto, Paysandú Datum Internacional S.A. Face-to-face 1000 2016
Uzbekistan Tashkent, Samarkand, Fergana
Market Research & Polls - EURASIA
(MRP-EURASIA)
Face-to-face 1000 2014
Venezuela Caracas, Maracaibo, Barquisimeto
WJP in collaboration with local
partner
Face-to-face 1000 2016
Vietnam Hanoi, Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh City Indochina Research Face-to-face 1000 2014
Zambia Lusaka, Ndola, Kitwe Quest Research Services Face-to-face 1000 2014
Zimbabwe Harare, Bulawayo, Chitungwiza Intraspace Market Consultancy Ltd. Face-to-face 1008 2016
Methodology172 |
Every year, the WJP reviews the methods of data collection
to ensure that the information produced is valid, useful,
and continues to capture the status of the rule of law
in the world. To maintain consistency with previous editions
and to facilitate tracking changes over time, this year’s
questionnaires and data maps are closely aligned with those
administered in the past.
In order to improve the accuracy of the QRQ results and
reduce respondent burden, pro-active dependent
interviewing techniques were used to remind respondents
who participated in last year’s survey of their responses
in the previous year.
This year, a few changes were made to some of the
indicators and questions of the Index. The most important
changes occurred in sub-factors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, and
6.4. As a result, the scores of these sub-factors cannot be
compared across years. Overall, 94% of questions remained
the same between 2015 and 2016.
1.	 In the construction of sub-factor 3.1 "Publicized laws
and government data," eight questions were dropped
and the Open Data Index was added. Sub-factor 3.1 now
has 10 questions, and is broken down into two
components: publicized laws and the Open Data Index.
The Open Data Index is produced by Open Knowledge
International and measures the state of open data
in countries around the world from the perspective of
citizens. In the construction of sub-factor 3.2 "Right
to information," six questions were dropped, two
questions were added, and one question was replaced.
Sub-factor 3.2 now contains 22 questions. In the
construction of sub-factor 3.3 "Civic participation," three
questions were dropped and two questions were added.
Sub-factor 3.3 now contains 30 questions.
2.	 In the construction of sub-factor 5.1 "Crime is effectively
controlled," two questions were dropped.
In addition, the Kidnap Threat Rating, collected by NYA
International, was added to sub-factor 5.1 to replace
the previous kidnapping indicator. Sub-factor 5.1
now contains eight questions.
3.	 In the construction of sub-factor 6.4 "Due process
is respected in administrative proceedings," one
question was dropped. Sub-factor 6.4 now contains
four questions.
This year’s report includes a measure to illustrate whether
the rule of law in a country, as measured through the
factors of the WJP Rule of Law Index, changed over
the course of the past year. This measure is presented
in the form of arrows and represents a summary of rigorous
statistical testing based on the use of bootstrapping
procedures. For each factor, this measure takes the value
of zero (no arrow) if there was no statistically significant
change in the score since last year, a positive value (upward
arrow) if there was a change leading to a statistically
significant improvement in the score, and a negative value
(downward arrow) if there was a change leading to
a statistically significant deterioration in the score. This
measure complements the numerical scores and rankings
presented in this report, which benchmark each country’s
current performance on the factors and sub-factors of
the Index against that of other countries.
The measure of change over time is constructed in three
steps:
1.	 First, last year’s scores are subtracted from this year’s
to obtain, for each country and each factor, the
annual difference in scores.
2.	 To test whether the annual changes are statistically
significant, a bootstrapping procedure is used to
estimate standard errors. To calculate these errors,
100 samples of respondent-level observations (of equal
size to the original sample) are randomly selected
with replacement for each country from the pooled set
of respondents for last year and this year. These samples
are used to produce a set of 100 country-level
scores for each factor and each country, which are
utilized to calculate the final standard errors.
These errors — which measure the uncertainty
associated with picking a particular sample
of respondents — are then employed to conduct pairwise
t-tests for each country and each factor.
3.	 Finally, to illustrate the annual change, a measure of
change over time is produced based on the value
of the annual difference and its statistical significance
(at the 95 percent level).
Methodological Changes to this Year's Report Tracking Changes Over Time
Methodology | 173
The Index methodology displays both strengths and
limitations. Among its strengths is the inclusion of both
expert and household surveys to ensure that the findings
reflect the conditions experienced by the population.
Another strength is that it approaches the measurement
of rule of law from various angles by triangulating
information across data sources and types of questions.
This approach not only enables accounting for different
perspectives on the rule of law, but it also helps
to reduce possible bias that might be introduced by any
other particular data collection method. Finally, it
relies on statistical testing to determine the significance
of the changes in the factor scores over the last year.
With the aforementioned methodological strengths come
a number of limitations. First, the data shed light on
rule of law dimensions that appear comparatively strong or
weak, but are not specific enough to establish causation.
Thus, it will be necessary to use the Index in combination
with other analytical tools to provide a full picture of causes
and possible solutions. Second, the methodology has
been applied only in three major urban areas in each of the
indexed countries. The WJP is therefore piloting the
application of the methodology to rural areas. Third, given
the rapid changes occurring in some countries, scores
for some countries may be sensitive to the specific points
in time when the data were collected. To address this,
the WJP is piloting test methods of moving averages
to account for short-term fluctuations. Fourth, the QRQ
data may be subject to problems of measurement
error due to the limited number of experts in some
countries, resulting in less precise estimates. To address
this, the WJP works constantly to expand its network of
in-country academic and practitioner experts who
contribute their time and expertise to this endeavor.
Finally, due to the limited number of experts in some
countries (which implies higher standard errors) and the
fact that the GPPs are carried out in each country every
other year (which implies that for some countries,
some variables do not change from one year to another).
It is possible that the test described above fails to detect
small changes in a country’s situation over time.
A detailed presentation of the methodology, including a
table and description of the more than 500 variables
used to construct the Index scores is available at
worldjusticeproject.org and in Botero, J. and Ponce, A.
(2011) “Measuring the Rule of Law:” WJP Working Paper
No.1, available at worldjusticeproject.org/publications.
Strengths and Limitations Other Methodological Considerations
Contributing Experts
Contributing Experts176 |
The WJP Rule of Law Index® 2016 was made possible by the generous
contributions of academics and practitioners who contributed their time and
expertise. The names of those experts wishing to be acknowledged individually
are listed in the following pages.
This report was also made possible by the work of the polling companies who
conducted fieldwork, and the thousands of individuals who have responded to the
General Population Poll around the world.
Contributing Experts | 177
A.R. Rahimghiyasa
Law Offices of
A. Rahman Rahimghiyasa
Ahmad Nabil Shariq
Shajjan & Associates
Amanullah Nuristani
Afghan Anti-Corruption
Network
Baryalai Hakimi
Kabul University
Belquis Ahmadi
USIP
Hashmat Khalil Nadirpor
LESPA
Jürgen Baumann
GIZ Strengthening
the Rule of Law
Kai Schwiegelshohn
GIZ German Development
Cooperation
Khalid C. Sekander
International
Legal Consultant
Khalid Massoudi
Masnad Legal Consultancy
Mohammad
Shafiq Hamdam
Afghan Anti-Corruption
Network
Mohammad Tareq Eqtedary
Rahmanullah Shahab
Afghan Anglo Legal
Saeeq Shajjan
Shajjan & Associates
Sanzar Kakar
Afghanistan Holding Group
Sayed Ramiz Husaini
Shamsi Maqsoudi
Shajjan & Associates
Zabihullah
CAHPO
Anonymous Contributors
Alex Cuthbertson
Allens
Breen Creighton
RMIT University
Daniel Williams
Minter Ellison
Esther Stern
Flinders University of
South Australia
Fiona McDonald
Queensland
University of Technology
George Williams
University of
New South Wales
Greg Patmore
University of Sydney
Hedy Cray
Clayton Utz
James A. Gillespie
University of Sydney
John Denton
Corrs Chambers Westgarth
Kate Burns
University of
New South Wales
Kate Eastman
Six St. James Hall Chambers
Manoj Narsey
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Mary Anne Noone
La Trobe University Australia
Mary Crock
University of Sydney
Merrilyn Walton
University of Sydney
Michael Sparks
International Union for Health
Promotion and Education
Nicholas Cowdery
University of Sydney
Nick Boymal
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Peter Cashman
University of Sydney
Peter Sainsbury
Roy Baker
Macquarie University
Sarah Joseph
Monash University
Simon Rice
Australian National University
Sonia Allan
Macquarie University
Thomas Faunce
Australian National University
Anonymous Contributors
Christoph Konrath
Austrian Parliamentary
Administration
Claudia Habl
Austrian Public Health
Institute GÖG
Clemens Egermann
Barnert Egermann Illigasch
Rechtsanwälte
Gerhard Jarosch
International Association
of Prosecutors
Ivo Greiter
Greiter Pegger Kofler &
Partners
Johann Brunner
Johannes Kepler University
Linz
Karl Stöger
University of Graz
Magdalena Ziembicka
Barnert Egermann Illigasch
Rechtsanwälte
Manfred Ketzer
Hausmaninger Kletter
Martin Reinisch
Brauneis Klauser Prändl
Rechtsanwälte
Martin Risak
University of Vienna
Thomas Frad
KWR Karasek Wietrzyk
Rechtsanwälte GmbH
Thomas Hofmann
PALLAS Rechtsanwälte
Partnerschaft
Walter Rabl
Medical University
of Innsbruck
Anonymous Contributors
Adrián Goldin
Facultad de Derecho de la
Universidad de Buenos Aires
Adrián R. Tellas
Alberto F. Garay
Carrió & Garay Abogados
Alberto Gonzalez Torres
Baker & McKenzie
Alberto Justo Giles
Federación de Colegios de
Abogados de la República
Argentina
Analía Durán
Allende & Brea
Carlos Aurelio Cecchetti
Hospital Nacional Prof.
Alejandro Posadas
Carlos María Ferrer Deheza
Estudio Ferrer Deheza
David Dorsett
Watt, Dorsett & Company
Loy L. A. Weste
Thomas, John & Co.
Megan Samuel-Fields
SamuelFields Consulting
Group Ltd
Sandy Khouly
Richards and Company, St.
John’s Antigua
Tracy Benn-Roberts
TBR Conflict Management &
Legal Services
Anonymous Contributors
Gentiana Agim Tirana
Tirana Law Firm
Gjergji Gjika
Gjika & Associates
Jonida Braja Melani
Kristaq Profkola
Wolf Theiss
Mitat Dautaj
Catholic University of Our
Lady of Good Counsel
Oltjan Hoxholli
Legal and Professional
Services Albania
Renan Berati
Legal and Professional
Services Albania
Shirli Gorenca
Kalo & Associates
Anonymous Contributors
Carlos Martínez Sagasta
Universidad del Salvador
Claudio Jesús Santagati
Defensoría General de Lomas
de Zamora,. Buenos Aires
Argentina
Dante Omat Graña
Fundación Avedis
Donabedian Argentina
Diego Silva Ortiz
Silva Ortiz, Alfonso,
Pavic & Louge
Enrique Alberto López
Zamora
Enrique Marian Stile
Marval, O’Farrell & Mairal
Federico A. Borzi Cirilli
Defensas Penales
Federico Morgenstern
Poder Judicial de la Nación
Francisco A. Clucellas
Gabriel Martoglio
Estudio Martoglio &
Asociados
Humberto Federico Rios
Fundación Etica y Economia
Joaquin Emilio Zappa
JP O´Farrell Abogados
José Sebastián Elias
Universidad de San Andrés
Julio Ainstein
Universidad Isalud;
Universidad de Buenos Aires
Luis Daniel Crovi
María Paola Trigiani
Alfaro Abogados
Martin A. Bello
Pirovano & Bello Abogados
Martín Langsam
Universidad Isalud
Matthias Kleinhempel
IAE Business School
Maximo J. Fonrouge
Asociación de Abogados
Sera Justicia
Mercedes Balado
Bevilacqua
MBB Balado Bevilacqua
Abogados
Omar Eidelstein
LKEC
P. Eugenio Aramburu
PAGBAM
Pablo Alejandro Pirovano
Pirovano & Bello Abogados
Pablo Tornielli
Independiente
Sandra Guillan
De Dios & Goyena Abogados
Consultores
Santiago Legarre
Pontificia Universidad
Católica Argentina
Walter Fernando Godoy
Anonymous Contributors
Dorant Ekmekçiu
Hoxha, Memi & Hoxha
Drini Hakorja
Enida Zeneli & Artan Bozo
BOZO & Associates
Eris Hoxha
Hoxha, Memi & Hoxha
Esa Hala
Tonucci & Partners Albania
Flavia Xhafo
Kalo & Associates
Afghanistan
Australia
Austria
Antigua & Barbuda
Argentina
Albania
Contributing Experts178 |
Andrew C. Ferreira
Chancery Chambers LLP
Dale D. Marshall
George Walton Payne & Co.
Jill St. George
University of the West Indies,
Cave Hill Campus
Lalu Hanuman
Synagogue Law Chambers
Tom Durbin
University of the West Indies
Anonymous Contributors
Barbados
Aleksey Daryin
REVERA
Alexander Botian
Borovtsov & Salei
Anastasia Byckowskaya
Stepanovski, Papakul and
Partners
Andrei Famenka
Republic of Belarus State
Service of Legal Medicine
Andrei Vashkevich
Stepanovski, Papakul and
Partners
Artsemyeu Siarhei
Belarusian State University
Dmitry Kovalchik
Stepanovski, Papakul and
Partners
Dmitry Semashko
Stepanovski, Papakul and
Partners
Illia Salei
Borovtsov & Salei
Kirill Tomashevski
International University
“MITSO”
Vadzim Samaryn
Belarusian State University
Valentina Ogarkova
Stepanovski, Papakul and
Partners
Anonymous Contributors
Andrée Puttemans
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Anna Gibello
DBB
Bruno Blanpain
Marx Van Ranst Vermeersch
& Partners
Damien Gerard
Université Catholique de
Louvain
Daniel Cuypers
University of Antwerp
Edoardo Agliata
Henry
Ordre des barreaux
francophones et
germanophones de Belgique
Michel De Wolf
Université Catholique
de Louvain
Michel Leroy
Conseil d’État
Nicolas Cariat
Université Catholique
de Louvain
Olivier de Witte
Hopital Erasme
Papart Patrick
Université de Liège
Patrick Goffaux
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Valerie Flohimont
Université de Namur
Anonymous Contributors
Ariel Morales Vasquez
C.R. & F. Rojas - Abogados
Asdruval Columba Jofré
Asdruval Columba Consultores
Legales
Carlos Gerke Siles
Estudio Jurídico Gerke,
Soc. Civ.
Cesar Burgoa Rodriguez
Bufete Burgoa
Ivan Lima Magne
Tribunal Supremo de Justicia
Jaime Araujo Camacho
& Dafnee Puttkamer
Gutiérrez
Araujo & Forgues S.C.
Javier Mir Peña
Mir & Asociados Abogados
Jorge Luis Inchauste
Guevara & Gutiérrez S.C.
Adis Arapović
Centres for Civic Initiatives
(CCI)
Adisa Omerbegovic
Arapovic
Sarajevo School of Science
and Technology
Adnan Duraković
University of Zenica
Boris Stojanović
Boris Stojanović Law Office
Denis Pajić
University Džemal Bijedić of
Mostar
Esad Oruc
International Burch University
Hajrija Sijercic Colic
University of Sarajevo
Hana Korać
International University of
Novi Pazar
Haris Hojkuric
International University of
Sarajevo
Ame Rebecca Chimbombi
Bonolo Ramadi Dinokopila
University of Botswana
Dick Bayford
Bayford & Associates
Gosego Rockfall Lekgowe
Dinokopila Lekgowe Attorneys
Jaloni Pansiri
University of Botswana
Jeffrey Bookbinder
Bookbinder Business Law
Kagiso Jani
Tshekiso Ditiro & Jani Legal
Practice
Mboki Mbakiso Chilisa
Collins Chilisa Consultants
Motsomi Ndala Marobela
University of Botswana
Munyaka Wadaira
Makuyana
Makuyana Legal Practice
Patrick Akhiwu
Pakmed Pty Ltd.
Piyush Sharma
Piyush Sharma
Attorneys & Co.
Lana Bubalo
University Džemal Bijedić of
Mostar
Law Office Ruzica Topic,
Nebojsa Makaric & Sasa
Topic
Mehmed Ganic
International University of
Sarajevo
Mehmed Spaho
Spaho Law Office
Milorad Sladojevic
Basic Court Bugojno
Miodrag N. Simović
Constitutional Court of
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Mirjana Šarkinović
Natasa Krejic
Law Firm SAJIC
Samil Ramić
Municipal Court of Bugojno
Selma Spaho
Spaho Law Office
Slaven Dizdar
Marić & Co Law Firm LLC
Zijad Dzafic
University of Tuzla
Anonymous Contributors
Juan Carlos Urenda
Urenda Abogados S.C.
Juan José Lima Magne
Lima & Asociados
Juan Pablo Alvarez
Belmonte
Lima & Asociados
Julio Cesar Landivar Castro
Guevara & Gutiérrez S.C.
Manuel Urenda
Urenda Abogados S.C.
Marco P. Lazo de la Vega
Lazo de la Vega - Abogados
S.C.
Mostajo & Toro S.C. Firma
Legal
Nicolas Soliz Peinado
Salazar & Asociados
Raul A. Baldivia
Baldivia Unzaga & Asociados
Rene Soria-Saucedo
University of Florida
Rodrigo Jiménez Cusicanqui
Salazar & Asociados
Rosario Baptista Canedo
Sandra Salinas
C.R. & F. Rojas - Abogados
Victor Hugo Lima Carreño
Victor Vargas Montaño
Herrera & Abogados S.C.
Anonymous Contributors
Anthony G. Sylvestre
Musa & Balderamos LLP,
Belize City
Melissa Balderamos Mahler
Balderamos Arthurs LLP
VMD Lizarraga
Anonymous Contributors
Belarus
Belgium
Bolivia
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Botswana
Belize
A.H.M. Belal Chowdhury
FM Consulting International
Abdul Awal
SUPRO
Al Amin Rahman
FM Associates
Ashraful Hadi
Supreme Court of Bangladesh
ASM Alamgir
Institute of Epidemiology,
Disease Control and Research
Badiul Alam Majumdar
SHUJAN-Citizens for
Good Governance
Bilqis Amin Hoque
Environment and Population
Research Centre
Gazi Md Rokib Bin Hossain
The Legal Circle
Imteaz I. Mannan
Save the Children
K.A.R. Sayeed
Sir Salimullah Medical College
and Hospital
Mir Shamsur Rahman
University of Asia Pacific
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
Chowdhury
M.R.I. Chowdhury &
Associates
Rizwanul Islam
BRAC Univeristy
Saira Rahman Khan
BRAC University
Sayed Rubayet
Save the Children
Sultana Kamal
Tanim Hussain Shawon
Supreme Court of Bangladesh
Taslima Yasmin
University of Dhaka
Anonymous Contributors
Bangladesh
Gavin D. Cassar
Cassar & Co.
Vann P. Gaitor
Higgs & Johnson
Wayne R. Munroe
Munroe & Associates
Anonymous Contributors
Bahamas
Contributing Experts | 179
Assen Vassilev
Center for Economic Strategy
and Competitiveness
Bojidar Danev
Bulgarian Industrial
Association
Darina Baltadjieva
CMS Sofia
Desislava Anastasova
CMS Reich-Rohrwig
Hainz Sofia
Desislava Todorova
CMS Sofia
Gergana Ilieva
Kolcheva, Smilenov,
Koev & Partners
Delchev & Partners
Jean F. Crombois
American University
in Bulgaria
Ali Neya
Cabinet d’Avocat Ali Neya
Belem Soumaïla
Cabinet Oumarou Ouedraogo
Bobson Coulibaly
Boubacar Nacro
Centre Hôspitalier
Universitaire Sourou Sanou
Edasso Rodrigue Bayala
Guitanga Samuel Ibrahim
Barreau du Burkina Faso
Joachimson Kyélem
de Tambèla
Barreau du Burkina Faso
Lalogo Julien
Barreau du Burkina Faso
Maliki Derra
Cabinet d’Avocat Maliki Derra
Toure Boubakar
Université Ouaga I Pr
Joseph Ki-Zerbo
Anonymous Contributors
Abane Stanley
The Abeng Law Firm
Alain Bruno
Woumbou Nzetchie
Cabinet d’Avocats Josette
Kadji
Barthelemy Tchepnang
Centre d’Appui à la
Justice et d’Animation au
Développement
Dorcas Nkongme
Guy Alain Tougoua
Djokouale
Tougoua Law Firm & Co.
Jean Aimé Kounga
The Abeng Law Firm
John Esandua Morfaw
Strategic Development
Initiatives
Joyce Ngwe Nyamboli
Destiny Chambers
Marie-José Essi
University of Yaoundé I
Ngoupayo
HEREG Yaoundé
Njini Futrih N. Rose
Bamenda Regional Hospital
Oscar Alegba
The Abeng Law Firm
Roland Abeng
The Abeng Law Firm
Tanyi Joseph Mbi
Tanyi Mbi & Partners
Tarh Besong Frambo
The Global Citizens’ Initative
Tentienu Njifack Justin
Standard Law Firm
Zakariaou Njoumemi
HEREG Yaoundé; University
of Yaoundé I
Anonymous Contributors
Alex Larkin
DFDL
Billy Chia-Lung Tai
Chak Sopheap
Cambodian Center
for Human Rights
Chum Narin
Community Legal
Education Center
IM Sophea
Jhelum Chowdhury
Crystal Global Holdings Ltd.
Kem Ley
Advance Research
Consultant Team
NY Chandy
Run Saray
Legal Aid of Cambodia (LAC)
Sek Sophorn
Rights & Business Law Office
Thida Khus
SILAKA
Vichuta Ly
LSCW
Anonymous Contributors
Jenia Dimitrova
CMS Sofia
Lachezar Raichev
Penkov, Markov & Partners
Lidia Georgieva
Medical University - Sofia
Momiana Guneva
Burgas Free University
Nikolai Hristov
Medical University - Sofia
Pavel Petkov
Petko Salchev
National Center of Public
Health and Analyses
Stanislav Hristov
Stanislav Hristov and Partners
Anonymous Contributors
André de Melo Ribeiro
Dias Carneiro Advogados
Andre Fonseca
Koury Lopes Advogados
Caio Scheunemann Longhi
Uber
Camila Magalhães Silveira
University of São Paulo
Carlos Ayres
Trench, Rossi e Watanabe
Advogados
Carlos Rebolo
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Carolina G. F. Korbage de
Castro
Korbage de Castro
Clara Iglesias Keller
Universidade do Estado do
Rio de Janeiro
Cynthia Lessa da Costa
Universidade Federal de
Juiz de Fora
Daniel Bushatsky
Advocacia Bushatsky
David Braga Junior
Hospital Premier
Elival da Silva Ramos
Universidade de São Paulo
Fabio Queiroz Pereira
Universidade Federal de
Minas Gerais
Fábio Ulhoa Coelho
Advogados Associados
Felipe Asensi
Universidade do Estado do
Rio de Janeiro
Fernanda Vargas Terrazas
Conselho Nacional de
Secretarias Municipais
de Saúde
Fernando Aith
University of São Paulo
Gabriel Alves da Costa
Shell Brasil
Heloisa Estellita
FGV Direito, Sao Paulo
Igor Parente
Shell Brasil
Isabel Franco
Koury Lopes Advogados
Joaquim Falcão
José Carlos Wahle
Veirano Advogados
José Ricardo dos Santos
Luz Júnior
Duarte Garcia, Caselli
Guimarães e Terra Advogados
Juliana Cesario Alvim
Gomes
Clínica UERJ Direitos
Leandro Bonini Farias
Coutinho e Farias Sociedade
de Advogados
Luciano Feldens
Pontifícia Universidade
Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
Luiz Guilherme Primos
Primos e Primos Advogados
Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro
Augusto
Tribunal Regional do Trabalho
da 2ª Região
Maria Celina Bodin de
Moraes
Pontifical Catholic
University of Rio de Janeiro;
Universidade do Estado do
Rio de Janeiro
Maria Fernanda
Tourinho Peres
University of São Paulo
Maria-Valeria Junho Penna
Universidade Federal do Rio
de Janeiro
Marília Othero
Hospital Premier
Marina Croce
Webedia Group
Matheus Cherulli
Alcantara Viana
Alcantara Viana, Ristow e
Azevedo Advogados
Mauricio Faragone
Faragone Advogados
Associados
Michael Freitas Mohallem
FGV Law School, Rio de
Janeiro
Ordélio Azevedo Sette
Azevedo Sette Advogados
Oscar Vilhena Vieira
FGV Law School, Sao Paulo
Paulo R. Sehn
Trench, Rossi e Watanabe
Advogados
Pedro Augusto
Gravatá Nicoli
Universidade Federal de
Minas Gerais
Rachelle Balbinot
IMED
Rafael Villac Vicente
de Carvalho
Peixoto & Cury Advogados
Renato Poltronieri
Mackenzie University
Rodrigo Giordano de Castro
Peixoto & Cury Advogados
Rodrigo Infantozzi
LTA Advogados
Rogerio Fernando Taffarello
Brazilian Institute
for Criminal Sciences
Sergio Cruz Arenhart
Ministério Público Federal
Sergio Mannheimer
Sueli Gandolfi Dallari
University of São Paulo
Thiago Bottino
FGV Direito, Rio de Janeiro
Thomaz Pereira
FGV Direito, Rio de Janeiro
Ulisses Terto Neto
Order of Brazilian Lawyers
Human Rights Commission
Victor Hugo
Criscuolo Boson
Universidade Federal
de Minas Gerais
Anonymous Contributors
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Cambodia
Brazil
Tshekiso Tshekiso
Tshekiso Ditiro & Jani Legal
Practice
Tumalano Sekoto
Botswana Harvard AIDS
Institute Partnership
Anonymous Contributors
Contributing Experts180 |
Adam Dodek
University of Ottawa
Anne McGillivray
University of Manitoba
Brian Langille
University of Toronto
Chuck Harrison
Fasken Martineau
DuMoulin LLP
Daniel M. Campbell
Cox & Palmer
Del W. Atwood
Provincial Court of Nova
Scotia
Fabien Gélinas
McGill University
Finn Makela
Université de Sherbrooke
Frédéric Bachand
McGill University
Gaynor Roger
Shibley Righton LLP
Glen Luther
University of Saskatchewan
Hoi Kong
McGill University
Jabeur Fathally
University of Ottawa
Jamie Telfer
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Jim Vibert
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
John Buhlman
WeirFoulds LLP
Jula Hughes
University of New Brunswick
Karen Busby
University of Manitoba
Katherine Lippel
University of Ottawa
Lise Desmarais
Université de Sherbrooke
Patrick Essiminy
Stikeman Elliott LLP
Rick Molz
Concordia University
Sonny Goldstein
Goldstein Financial
Consultants
William Goodridge
Supreme Court of
Newfoundland and Labrador
Anonymous Contributors
Jonathan Isaacs
Baker & McKenzie
Liu Kaiming
Institute of Contemporary
Observation
Liu Xin
China University
of Political Science and Law
Matthew Murphy
MMLC Group
Xia Yu
MMLC Group
Anonymous Contributors
Abelardo de la Espriella
De la Espriella Lawyers
Enterprise
Ana Liliana Rios Garcia
Universidad del Norte
Ana María Muñoz S.
Universidad de los Andes
Angela María Ruiz
Sternberg
Universidad del Rosario
Aquiles Arrieta
Corte Constitucional de
Colombia
Alberto Alcalde H.
Puga & Ortiz
Alfonso Canales Undurraga
UH&C Abogados
Andrea Abascal
Jara del Favero Abogados
Andrés Milano García
Casado, Milano &
Zapata Abogados
Carla Robledo M.
RC Abogados
Carlos Maturana T.
Universidad de Concepción
Carlos Ossandon Salas
Eluchans y Compañia
Abogados
Carolina Alliende Kravetz
Estudio Hoyl Alliende &
Abogados
Catalina Salem Gesell
Pontificia Universidad
Católica de Chile
Claudio Feller Schleyer
Grasty Quintana Majlis y Cia.
Cristián Muga Aitken
Universidad Diego Portales,
Escuela Derecho
Cristián Fabres Ruiz
Estudio Jurídico Ried Fabres
Daniela Horvitz Lennon
H&H Abogados; Asociación
de Abogados de Familia
Domingo Eyzaguirre
Della Maggiora
Eyzaguirre Abogados
Ester Valenzuela
Universidad Diego Portales
Fabio Jordan
Poder Judicial Chile
Fernando Lolas
Universidad de Chile
Fernando Maturana Crino
Eyzaguirre & Cía
Germán Ovalle Madrid
Universidad de Chile
Gonzalo Eyzaguirre
Eyzaguirre & Cía
Gonzalo Hoyl Moreno
Hoyl, Alliende & Cía.
Abogados
Humberto Sánchez
Pacheco
Defensoría Penal Pública
Ignacio Rivadeneira H.
Rivadeneira, Colombara y
Zegers Abogados
Irene Rojas Miño
Universidad de Talca
Jorge Bofill
Bofill Escobar Abogados
Jorge Canales G.
Peralta, Gutiérrez
& Asociados
Jorge Wahl
José Luis Lara Arroyo
Philippi, Prietocarrizosa,
Ferrero DU & Uría
Juan Enrique Vargas
Universidad Diego Portales
Juan Pablo Cox Leixelard
Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez
Juan Pablo Olmedo
Fundación Pro Acceso
Lizandro Godoy Araneda
De la Fuente, Godoy y
Abogados
Luis Eugenio
García-Huidobro
Philippi, Prietocarrizosa,
Ferrero DU & Uría
Luis Eugenio Ubilla Grandi
Universidad Católica de la
Santísima Concepción
Luis Felipe Hubner
UH&C Abogados
Luis Parada
Bahamondez,
Alvarez & Zegers
Manuel Jiménez
Pfingsthorn
Jara del Favero Abogados
Marcelo Soto Ulloa
Universidad de los Andes
María Elena
Santibáñez Torres
Pontificia Universidad
Católica de Chile
María Isabel Cornejo Plaza
Universidad de Chile
María Norma Oliva Lagos
Corporación de Asistencia
Judicial del Bio Bio
Mariana Viera
Alessandri Abogados
Martín Besio Hernández
Rivadeneira, Colombara y
Zegers Abogados
Matías Donoso Lamas
Urenda & Cia.
Michele Daroch Sagredo
Abdala & Cia. Abogados
Carlos Álvarez-Moreno
Universidad Nacional de
Colombia
Carlos Andrés
Gómez González
Universidad Jorge Tadeo
Lozano
Carlos Mario
Molina Arrubla
Molina Díaz & Abogados
Carolina Posada Isaacs
Posse Herrera Ruiz
Catalina Herrera
von Norden
ARI Consulting Group SAS
David Fernando Varela S.
Pontificia Universidad
Javeriana
Diego Felipe
Valdivieso Rueda
VS+M Abogados
Eduardo Cárdenas
Dentons Cárdenas &
Cárdenas
Enrique Alvarez
Lloreda Camacho & Co.
Felipe Aristizabal
Nieto & Chalela Abogados
Guillermo Hernando
Bayona Combariza
Ignacio Santamaria
Lloreda Camacho & Co.
Joe Bonilla Gálvez
Muñoz Tamayo & Asociados
Jorge Acosta-Reyes
Universidad del Norte
Jorge Diaz-Cardenas
Diaz-Cardenas Abogados
Jorge Enrique Galvis Tovar
Lloreda Camacho & Co.
Jorge Lara Urbaneja
ALBP Abogados SAS
Juan David Riveros
Barragán
Sampedro & Riveros
Consultores
Lucas Fajardo Gutiérrez
Brigard & Urrutia Abogados
Luis Alberto Tafur Calderón
Universidad del Valle
Luis Fernando Ramírez
Contreras
Tribunal Superior de Bogotá
Manuel Fernando
Quinche Ramírez
Universidad del Rosario
Marcela Castro-Ruiz
Universidad de los Andes
Nicolás Casado Núñez
Casado, Milano &
Zapata Abogados
Omar Morales
Montt y Cía Abogados
Orlando Palominos
Estudio Jurídico - Morales
& Besa
Patricio Morales Aguirre
Estudio Jurídico
Pérez Donoso y Cia.
Paulo Larrain
Noguera Larrain &
Dulanto Abogados
Roberto Guerrero del Río
Guerrero Olivos, Abogados
Roberto Guerrero V.
Guerrero Olivos, Abogados
Rodolfo Fuenzalida S.
GFSU Abogados
Rodrigo Zegers Reyes
Rivadeneira, Colombara y
Zegers Abogados
Zarko Luksic Sandoval
Socio AMLV Abogados
Anonymous Contributors
Canada
China
Colombia
Chile
Contributing Experts | 181
Armando Guardia
Guardia & Cubero Abogados
y Notarios
Arturo Blanco Paez
Jurexlaw
Arturo Herrera Barquero
Caja Costarricense de Seguro
Social
Carlos Góngora Fuentes
Poder Judicial; Universidad
Latina de Costa Rica
Carlos J. Valerio Monge
Asociación de Derecho
Médico de Costa Rica
César Hines Céspedes
Econojuris Abogados
Emilia Saborio Pozuelo
Bufete Soley, Saborio &
Asociados
Equipo de LEXINCORP
Costa Rica
LEXINCORP Bufete
Centroamericano
Fátima Porras Moya
Martínez & Porras Abogados
Francisco José Aguilar
Urbina
Chairman Emeritus, UN
Human Rights Comittee
Gloriana Valladares Navas
Navas & Navas Abogados
Gonzalo Gutierrez A.
AG Legal
Abauleth Raphael
Abbé Yao
SCPA Dogué-Abbé Yao &
Associés; Société d’Avocats
au Barreau de Côte-d’Ivoire
Affoum Armand Lambert
Cabinet d’Avocat Affoum
Alexandre Bairo
KSK Société d’Avocats
Arsene Dable
SCPA Dogué-Abbé Yao &
Associés
Françoise Angeline Assi
Kaudjhis-Offoumou
Association Internationale
pour la Démocratie
Kakou G. Jean
Alan Soric
Law Office Soric &
Tomekovic Dunda
Ana Stavljenic-Rukavina
DIU Libertas International
University
Andrej Matijević
Matijević Law Office
Anita Krizmanic
Macesic & Partners
Law Offices LLC
Arsen Bačić
University of Split
Boris Kozjak
Kozjak Law Firm
Božidar Feldman
Matic, Feldman &
Herman Law Firm
Darko Jurišić
General Hospital “Dr.Josip
Benčević”
Eleonora Katić
Floriana Bulić-Jakuš
University of Zagreb
School of Medicine
Ivan Kos
PETOŠEVIĆ
Ivana Manovelo
Macesic & Partners
Law Offices LLC
Ivo Grga
Jasminka Vrbanović
Law firm Vrbanović & Štefičić
Jelena Zjacic
Macesic & Partners
Law Offices LLC
Višnja Drenški-Lasan
Law Firm Drenski Lasan
Zoran Vujasin
Law Firm Vujasin
Anonymous Contributors
Eva Ondrejova
Jan Hurdík
Okresní soud v Třebíči
Jan Poláček
Lukáš Prudil
AK Prudil a Spol., S.R.O.
Michal Peškar
Ondřej Dušek
Peterka & Partners
Pavel Holec
Holec, Zuska & Partners
Simona Stočesová
University of West Bohemia
Stepan Holub
Holubová Advokáti S.R.O.
Tomas Cihula
Kinstellar
Tomas Matĕjovský
CMS Legal Services
Vojtech Steininger
Hartmanová & Steininger,
Advokáti
Anonymous Contributors
Anette Storgaard
Aarhus University
Anne Brandt Christensen
Advokatfirmaet Brandt
Christensen
Anne Skjold Qvortrup
Gorrissen Federspiel
Arja R. Aro
University of Southern
Denmark
Hans Henrik Edlund
Aarhus University
Jacob Schall Holberg
Bech-Bruun Law Firm
Jakob S. Johnsen
HjulmandKaptain Law Firm
Jens Rye-Andersen
Advokatfirmaet Jens Rye-
Andersen
Lars Lindencrone Petersen
Bech-Bruun Law Firm
Marianne Granhøj
Kromann Reumert
Morten Broberg
University of Copenhagen
Per Andersen
Aarhus University
Ernette C.J. Kangal
Caribbean Commercial &
IP Law Practitioners, LLP
Rose-Anne Charles
Anonymous Contributors
Alfredo Lachapel
Lachapel Toribio - Abogados
Ana Isabel Cáceres
Troncoso y Cáceres
Arturo Figuereo Camarena
Fiallo-Billini Scanlon
Abogados & Consultores
Arturo J. Ramirez
Ibert, Ramirez & Asociados
Camilo A. Caraballo Gómez
Troncoso y Cáceres
Carlos R. Hernández
Hernández Contreras &
Herrera Abogados
Carmen L. Martinez Coss
Espaillat Matos Martinez Coss
Domingo Suzaña Abreu
Abogados Suzaña &
Asociados
Edwin Espinal Hernández
Pontificia Universidad
Católica Madre y Maestra
Edwin Grandel Capellán
Grandel & Asociados
Fabiola Medina Garnes
Medina Garrigó Abogados
Fernando Roedán
Ortíz & Hernández,
Abogados Asociados
Francisco Alvarez Valdez
Participación Ciudadana
Georges Santoni Recio
Russin Vecchi &
Heredia Bonetti
Henry Montás
Templaris Cobranzas, S.R.L.
Jesus Francos Rodriguez
Madeina Garrigo Abogados
José Cruz Campillo
Jiménez Cruz Peña
Juan Carlos Ortiz Abreu
Oficina Ortiz & Comprés
Loraine Maldonado
Mesa & Mesa Abogados
Poul Hvilsted
Horten Law Firm
Anonymous Contributors
J. Federico Campos
Calderón
LEXPENAL Abogados
Juan Marcos Rivero S.
Bufete Rivero & Asociados.
PenalCorp.
Luis Aangel Sanchez
Montero
Bufete Facio & Cañas
Luis-Alberto Cordero
Nassar Abogados
Centroamérica
Marco Durante
BDS Asesores
María del Rocío Quirós
Arroyo
AG Legal
María Paula Solórzano V.
Pacheco Coto Abogados
Melissa Mata A.
AG Legal
Nicholas V. Chen
Pamir Law Group
Rafael Angel Rodriguez
Salazar
La Firma de Abogados
Roger Guevara Vega
Batalla Salto Luna
Sergio Amador
Batalla Salto Luna
Silvia Alvarado Quijano
AG Legal
Thelma Petrucci
BLP
Wilberth Montenegro
Reyes
AG Legal
Anonymous Contributors
Louis Penali
Comité National d’Ethique de
la Recherche
Simone Assa-Akoh
Association des Femmes
Juristes de Côte d’Ivoire
Souleymane Sakho
SCPA Sakho-Yapobi-Fofana
Yabasse Lucien Abouya
Africa Health System
Improvement Organization
Youan G. Joules
ONG Amepouh
Anonymous Contributors
Mario Alonso Pérez T.
Philippi, Prietocarrizosa,
Ferrero DU & Uría
Mauricio A. Bello-Galindo
Baker & McKenzie
Patricia Moncada Roa
Universidad de los Andes
Rafael Tuesca Molina
Universidad del Norte
Raúl Alberto Suárez Arcila
Suárez Arcila & Abogados
Asociados
Ricardo Posada Maya
Universidad de los Andes
Sandra Catalina Charris
Rebellón
Sandra Charris Asesoría Legal
& Solución de Controversias
Santiago Gutiérrez-Borda
Lloreda Camacho & Co.
Anonymous Contributors
Costa Rica
Côte d’Ivoire
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Contributing Experts182 |
Alfredo G. Brito
Brito & Pinto
Ana Belén Posso Fernández
Ontaneda & Posso Abogados
Carlos Carrasco Yepez
A/C Abogados & Consultores
Carlos Solines Coronel
Cesar Coronel Jones
Coronel & Perez Abogados
Ciro Pazmiño Zurita
P&P Abogados Litigantes
Clementina Pomar Anta
Bustamante & Bustamante
Law Firm
David Albarran Pacheco
A/C Abogados & Consultores
Diego Almeida Guzmán
Almeida Guzmán & Asociados
Diego Ordoñez
Edgar Neira Orellana
Gallegos, Valarezo & Neira
Ana Yesenia Granillo de
Tobar
Escuela Superior de Economía
y Negocios
Benjamin Valdez Iraheta
Benjamin Valdez & Asociados
Carlos Enrique Castillo
Romero Pineda & Asociados
Daniel A. Joya
Joya & Asociados, Abogados y
Notarios de El Salvador
David Ernesto Claros Flores
García y Bodán
David Osvaldo Toledo
Universidad Católica
de El Salvador
Delmer Edmundo
Rodríguez Cruz
Escuela Superior de Economía
y Negocios
Guillermo Alexander
Parada Gámez
Universidad Centroamericana
Harold C. Lantan
José Eduardo Barrientos
Aguirre
I&D Consulting
José Eduardo Tomasino
Hurtado
El Salvador Legal Limitada
de Capital Variable Consortium
Legal
José Freddy
Zometa Segovia
Romero Pineda & Asociados
Juan José Planas Carías
Escuela Superior de Economía
y Negocios
Laura Urrutia
Laboratorios Vijosa
Mardoqueo Josafat Tóchez
Molina
Lawyers Corp, Tóchez &
Asociados
Marta Celina de Parada
Oscar Samour
Consortium Legal
Piero Antonio Rusconi
Central Law
Porfirio Diaz Fuentes
DLM, Abogados, Notarios &
Consultores
Aare Märtson
University of Tartu
Andres Parmas
Tallinn Circuit Court
Andres Vutt
University of Tartu
Anneli Soo
University of Tartu
Birgit Sisask
Law Office Valge & Uiga
Gaabriel Tavits
University of Tartu
Kaja Põlluste
University of Tartu
Kari Käsper
Estonian Human
Rights Centre
Maksim Greinoman
Advokaadibüroo
Greinoman & Co
Margit Vutt
Supreme Court of Estonia
Merle Erikson
University of Tartu
Tanel Kerikmäe
Tallinn University of
Technology
Anonymous Contributors
Ari Miettinen
Fimlab Laboratories Ltd.
Hannu Honka
Åbo Akademi University
Iikka Sainio
Eversheds Attorneys Ltd.
Jukka Peltonen
Asianajotoimisto DLA Piper
Finland Oy
Jussi Tapani
University of Turku
Matti Ilmari Niemi
University of Eastern Finland
Matti Tolvanen
University of Eastern Finland
Mika J. Lehtimaki
Attorneys-at-Law Trust
Mika Launiala
University of Eastern Finland
Nina Isokorpi
Roschier, Attorneys Ltd.
Patrick Lindgren
ADVOCARE Law Office
Raimo Isoaho
University of Turku
Sanna Leisti
Rule of Law Finland
Anonymous Contributors
Ibrahim Ahmad Ibrahim
Arab Chamber of Conciliation
and Arbitration
Khaled El Shalakany
Shalakany Law Office
Laila El Baradei
The American University in
Cairo
Mohamed Abdelaal
Alexandria University
Mohamed Hanafi Mahmoud
Egypt High Criminal Court
Aberra Degefa Nagawo
Addis Ababa University
Alemu M. Negash
Endalkachew Geremew
Negash
Girma Kassa Kumsa
Adama University
Guadie Sharew
Wondimagegn
Bahir Dar University
Denfer Samira
Francis Tartour
Conseiller Prud’hommes
Francois Cantier
Avocats sans
Frontières France
Somaya Hosny
Suez Canal University
Anonymous Contributors
Luz Díaz Rodríguez
Medina Garrigó Abogados
María Elena Gratereaux
Gratereaux Delva &
Asociados
María Esther Fernández
Alvarez De Pou
Russin Vecchi & Heredia
Bonetti
Mary Fernández
Headrick, Rizik,
Alvarez & Fernández
Miguel Angel Reyes Taveras
Fundación Justicia y
Transparencia
Richard A. Benoit
Domínguez
Pina Méndez & Asociados
Rodolfo Mesa
Mesa & Mesa Abogados
Rosa Díaz Abreu
Jiménez Cruz Peña
Stalin Ciprian Arriaga
Ciprian Arriaga y Asociados
Ulises Morlas Pérez
Cabral & Díaz Abogados
Vilma Veras-Terrero
Jiménez Cruz Peña
Virgilio A. Mendez Amaro
Mendez & Asociados
Yamil Musri C.
Anonymous Contributors
Edmundo René Bodero Cali
Estudio JurÍdico Bodero &
Bodero
Francisco Dávalos Morán
González Peñaherrera &
Asociados
Gabriel Pinto Navarrete
Estudio JurÍdico Prado
Gerardo Aguirre Vallejo
James Pilco Luzuriaga
Universidad del Azuay
José Luis Tapia
Jose Ontaneda Andrade
Ontaneda & Posso Abogados
Juan Carlos Riofrío
Martínez-Villalba
Universidad
de Los Hemisferios
Juan Jose Campana del
Castillo
Estudio JurÍdico SMARTFLEX
Leonardo
Sempertegui Vallejo
Sempertegui Ontaneda
Abogados
María Lorena
Correa Crespo
ILP, Gallegos, Valarezo &
Neira
María Sol Sevilla
Sempertegui Ontaneda
Abogados
Mario I. Armendáriz Y.
Armendáriz & Asociados
Law Office
Santiago Solines
Solines & Asociados
Sebastian Saa - Tamayo
Almeida Guzmán & Asociados
Simon Davalos Ochoa
González Peñaherrera &
Asociados
Anonymous Contributors
Rebeca Atanacio
de Basagoitia
Escalon & Atanacio
Ricardo A. Cevallos
BLP
Rommell Sandoval
I&D Consulting; SBA Firma
Legal
Teresa Beatriz Merino
Benítez
Romero Pineda & Asociados
Yudy Aracely
Jimenez Rivera
Firma de Abogados Gold
Service
Anonymous Contributors
Hiruy Wubie
Gebreegziabher
Monash University
Mehari Redae
Addis Ababa University
School of Law
Misganaw Gashaw
Debre Markos University
School of Law
Simeneh Kiros Assefa
Addis Ababa Universty
Tameru Wondm Agegnehu
Tamrat Assefa
Tamrat Assefa Liban
Law Office
Zemenu Tarekegn Yimenu
Debre Markos University
Anonymous Contributors
Ecuador
El Salvador
Estonia
Finland
Egypt
Ethiopia
France
Contributing Experts | 183
George Gotsadze
Curatio International
Foundation
George Nanobashvili
Gocha Svanidze
Law Firm Svanidze
and The Partners
Grigol Gagnidze
Georgian Barristers & Lawyers
International Observatory
Imeda Dvalidze
Ivdity Chikovani
Curatio International
Foundation
Ketevan Krialashvili
Economic Education and
Strategic Research Center
Ketevan Sakhiashvili
Legal Room LLC
Lasha Gogiberidze
BGI Legal
Revaz Beridze
Eristavi & Partners, LLC
Vera Doborjginidze
Lexpert Group Law Firm
Abena Ntrakwah-Mensah
Ntrakwah & Co.
Azanne Kofi Akainyah
A & A Law Consult
Clement Kojo Akapame
Ghana Institute of
Management and Public
Administration
Dinah Baah-Odoom
Ghana Health Service
Emmanuel Maurice Ankrah
Ghana Health Service
Felix Ntrakwah
Ntrakwah & Co.
Kwame Owusu Agyeman
University of Cape Coast
Nana Tawiah Okyir
Ghana Institute of
Management and Public
Administration
Nii Nortey Hanson-Nortey
Ghana Health Service
Reuben Kwasi Esena
University of Ghana School of
Public Health
Richmond Aryeetey
University of Ghana School of
Public Health
Sam Okudzeto
Sam Okudzeto & Associates
Sam Poku
Business Council for Africa;
IMANI Ghana
Ada Alamanou
KLIMAKA NGO
Anna Damaskou
Transparency International
Greece
Anthony Mavrides
Ballas, Pelecanos &
Associates LPC
Avagianou Melina
KLIMAKA NGO
Christina Papadopoulou
IRCT
Dionysia Kallinikou
National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens Law
School
Dionyssis Balourdos
Fotini N. Skopouli
Harokopio University
George Ballas
Ballas, Pelecanos &
Associates LPC
Grace Katsoulis
Ballas, Pelecanos &
Associates LPC
Ilias Anagnostopoulos
Anagnostopoulos Law Firm
Ioanna Argyraki
Rokas Law Firm
Konstantinos
Apostolopoulos
Apostolopoulos Patras
Limassol Law
Konstantinos Valmas-
Vloutis
Kostoula Mazaraki
Nomos Law Firm
Magda Kapoti-Tazedaki
Moratis Passas Law Firm
Nigel Bowen-Morris
Stephenson Harwood
Nikolaos Kondylis
N. Kondylis & Partners Law
Office
Panagiotis Gioulakos
Panayotis Karydakis
P.N. Karydakis Law Firm
Stavros Karageorgiou
Karageorgiou & Associates
Law Firm
Alexander Putz
Steuerberater & Rechtsanwalt
Andreas M. Michaeli
Rechtsanwaltssozietät BORN
Anna Lindenberg
Annegret Berne
Annette Krause
Rechtsanwälte Krause &
Krause
Baur
Bernhard Trappehl
Baker & McKenzie
Burkhard Hess
Max Planck Institute for
Procedural Law
Burkhard Klüver
Ahlers & Vogel Rechtsanwälte
PartG mbB
Carsten Momsen
Freie Universität Berlin
Christian Wolff
Schock Rechtsanwälte
Christof Kerwer
Universität Würzburg
Christoph Hexel
Heuking Kühn Lüer Wojtek
PartGmbB
Christoph Lindner
Dirk Vielhuber
BG BAU Munich
Dominik Steiger
Universität Leipzig
Friederike Lemme
Gernot A. Warmuth
Scheiber & Partners
Gregor Dornbusch
Baker & McKenzie
Hauke Hagena
Helmuth Jordan
Jordan & Wagner
Rechtsanwalts-GmbH
Hermann Bietz
Ingo Friedrich
International Understanding
and Peace
Ingo Klaus Wamser
Rechtsanwälte Wamser
Jessica Jacobi
Kliemt & Vollstaedt
Juergen Nazarek
Kathrein Knetsch
Advovox Rechtsanwalts
GmbH
Lars Nitzsche
Kanzlei Lederle, Kehl,
Germany
Lars Rieck
IPCL Rieck & Partner
Rechtsanwälte
Markus Eric Allner
ALLNER MENGES
Rechtsanwälte
Martin Reufels
Heuking Kühn Lüer Wojtek
Martin Sträßer
Sträßer Rehm Barfield,
Chemnitz
Matthias Nodorf
Michael Zoebisch
rwzh Rechtsanwälte
Oliver Bolthausen
DWF Germany
Oliver Schellbach
Schellbach Rechtsanwälte
Othmar K. Traber
Ahlers & Vogel Rechtsanwälte
PartG mbB
R. Kunz-Hallstein
Rain Sabine Barth
Dostal & Sozien Rechtsanwalt
Rainer M. Hofmann
Kanzlei im Hofhaus
Reinhard Arndts
Mittelstein Rechtsanwälte
Roland Gross
Gross::Rechtsanwaelte
Rudolf du Mesnil de
Rochemont
S. Beckmann-Koßmann
Sebastian Reinsch
Janke & Reinsch
Rechtsanwälte
Stefan Huster
Ruhr-University Bochum
Stefan Sasse
Rechtsanwälte Göhmann
Stephan Sander
Kanzlei Sander Berlin
Thomas Feltes
Ruhr-University Bochum
Thomas Jürgens
Jürgens
Rechtsanwaltsgesellschaft
mbH
Tobias Singelnstein
Freie Universität Berlin
Tobias Thiedemann
HP Deutschland GmbH
Ulrich Keil
Westfälische Wilhelms
Universität Münster
Ulrike Köllner
Werner Kessing
Kessing - Hespe - Dr.
Steenken
Wibke Köppler
Oelmüller & Partner
Rechtsanwälte
Wolf Stahl
Kanzlei fuer Wirtschaftsrecht
Wolfgang Hau
University of Passau
Anonymous Contributors
Shirley Somuah
Ntrakwah & Co.
Anonymous Contributors
Gauthier Chassang
Inserm
Grabli Elisabeth
Jacques Delga
ESSEC
Levy David
Barreau de Paris
Mahir Idris Albana
American University
in the Emirates
Marie-Christine Cimadevilla
Cimadevilla Avocats
Nataline Fleury
Ashurst LLP
Nicolas Mathieu
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher
and Flom LLP
Nicole Stolowy
HEC Paris
Patrice Le Maigat
Université de Rennes
Philippe Marin
Société IMAVOCATS
SCPA IKT et Associés
Sébastien Ducamp
Winston & Strawn
Thierry Berland
Berland & Sevin Avocats
Anonymous Contributors
Zurab Makhuradze
Legal and Business
Consulting LLC
Anonymous Contributors
Georgia
Ghana
Greece
Germany
Contributing Experts184 |
IP Shing Hing
James A. Rice
Lingnan University
James L.W. Wong
Century Chambers
Michael Chai
Bernacchi Chambers
Michael Vidler
Vidler & Co. Solicitors
Navin Babani
Pui Yin Lo
Gilt Chambers
Rick Glofcheski
University of Hong Kong
Susan Kendall
Baker & McKenzie
Tam Yat Hung
University of Hong Kong
Yun Zhao
University of Hong Kong
Anonymous Contributors
E. N. Thambi Durai
I. C. Dwivedi
National Election Watch
J. L. N. Murthy
Jonnalagadda LLP
Lalit Bhasin
Bhasin & Co., Advocates
Nirmal Kanti Chakrabarti
KIIT University School of Law
Pramod Singh
Lux Veritas, Advocates &
Solicitors
Puneet Misra
AIIMS
Rajas Kasbekar
Little & Co., Advocates and
Solicitors
Ruchi Sinha
TISS
Sankaran Ramakrishnan
Saurabh Misra
Saurabh Misra & Associates
Shankar Das
Tata Institute of Social
Sciences, Mumbai
Shivani Bhardwaj
Sathi All For Partnerships
Subhash Bhatnagar
Indian Institute of
Management
Vipender Mann
KNM & Partners
Yadlapalli S. Kusuma
All India Institute of
Medical Sciences
Yashomati Ghosh
National Law School of
India University
Anonymous Contributors
Afi Ventour & Co.
Darshan Ramdhani
Law Offices of Ramdhani &
Associates
Karen M. Samuel
Samuel Phillip & Associates
Yurana Phillip
Afi Ventour & Co.
Anonymous Contributors
Esther Sam
Attorney General’s Chambers
Eusi Anderson
Law Office of Eusi
Anderson Esq.
Joann Alexis Bond
Attorney General’s Chambers
Kelly-Ann Payne-Hercules
Ministry of Education
Mirza Ahmad Sahadat
Sahadat Law Office
Stephen Roberts
Hughes, Fields and Stoby
Vonetta Atwell-Singh
Attorney General’s Chambers
Anonymous Contributors
Jose Alvarez
BLP
Juan Diego
Lacayo González
Aguilar Castillo Love
Juan José Alcerro Milla
Aguilar Castillo Love
Leobildo Cabrera Cabrera
Colegio de Abogados de
Honduras
Miguel Joaquín
Melgar Guevara
García y Bodán
Milton Carcamo
Ruben A. Rodezno Sandoval
Bufete Danzilo & Asociados
(HONDURASLAW)
Vanessa Oquelí
García y Bodán
Anonymous Contributors
András Jakab
Pázmány Péter Catholic
University
Daniel Szabo
Hewlett Packard
Enterprise Hungary
Gábor Baruch
Baruch Law Firm
Gabor Papp
Papp D Gabor Ugyvedi iroda
Petra Bárd
National Institute of
Criminology
Viktor Lorincz
Hungarian Academy of
Sciences
Zsolt Zengodi
Anonymous Contributors
Charles Kwong
The Open University of Hong
Kong
David C. Donald
The Chinese University of
Hong Kong
Farzana Aslam
University of Hong Kong
Ho Lok Sang
Lingnan University
Ho Sai Yin Daniel
University of Hong Kong
A. Nagarathna
National Law School of
India University
Abhimanyu Shandilya
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Anil Paleri
Institute of Palliative Medicine
Ashok Ramgir
Harsh Impex
Bontha Veerraju Babu
Indian Council of Medical
Research
Damodhar Padmanabha
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Alamo D. Laiman
Legisperitus Lawyers
Andrew I. Sriro
Dyah Ersita & Partners
Anne Hyre
Johns Hopkins University/
Jhpiego
Erpan Faryadi
ILC Asia
Hanim Hamzah
Roosdiono & Partners
(ZICOlaw)
Immanuel A. Indrawan
Indrawan Darsyah Santoso
Attorneys at Law
Alfredo Rodríguez Mahuad
Consortium Legal -
Guatemala
Alvaro Castellanos Howell
Consortium Legal -
Guatemala
Alvaro R. Cordon
Cordón, Ovalle & Asociados
Ana Gisela Castillo A.
Saravia y Muñoz
Andrés Dubón Ruiz
Comte & Font - Legalsa
Astrid Carolina Domínguez
Méndez
Consortium Legal -
Guatemala
Carlos A. Flores Cano
Despacho Flores Cano
Carlos Roberto
Cordón Krumme
Cordón, Ovalle & Asociados
David Erales Jop
Consortium Legal -
Guatemala
David Ernesto Chacón
Estrada
Universidad de San Carlos
de Guatemala
Diana Paola De Mata Ruiz
Consortium Legal -
Guatemala
Diego Alejos Rivera
Consortium Legal -
Guatemala
Stefanos Tsimikalis
Tsimikalis Kalonarou Law Firm
Themis Tosounidis
KPAG Law Firm
Theodoropoulou Virgninia
Panteion University
Yota Kremmida
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Anonymous Contributors
Edson López
Integrum Law Firm
Elías Arriaza
Consortium Legal -
Guatemala
Emanuel Callejas A.
Carrillo & Asociados
Enrique Möller
EY Law
Erick Wong
Cordón, Ovalle & Asociados
Estuardo Mata Palmieri
QIL+4 Abogados
Gabriel Arturo
Muadi Garcia
Muadi, Murga y Jimenez
Harvey Pacay
Jesse Omar García Muñoz
Grupo Interamericana
Juan José Porras Castillo
Palomo & Porras
Julio Roberto GarcíaMerlos
García
Universidad Francisco
Marroquín
Luis Pablo Cóbar Benard
Integrum Law Firm
Marco Antonio
Palacios López
Palacios & Asociados
Marcos Palma
Integrum Law Firm
Mario Roberto
Guadrón Rouanet
Palomo & Porras
Ninoshka Urrutia
Consortium Legal -
Guatemala
Pedro Mendoza Montano
Iurisconsulti Abogados y
Notarios
Rafael Fernando
Mendizábal de la Riva
Universidad de San Carlos
de Guatemala
Rodolfo Alegría
Carrillo & Asociados
Rodolfo Estuardo Salazar
Arenales & Skinner Klee
Rodrigo Callejas
Carrillo & Asociados
Ruby María
Asturias Castillo
Pacheco Coto Abogados
Tanya Fernández Batres
Vilma Judith Chavez
Universidad Galileo
Anonymous Contributors
Grenada
Guyana
Honduras
Hungary
Hong Kong SAR, China
India
Indonesia
Guatemala
Contributing Experts | 185
Mardjono Reksodiputro
University of Indonesia
Sartono
Hanafiah Ponggawa &
Partners
Sianti Candra
Roosdiono & Partners
(ZICOlaw)
Sunardjo Sumargono
Law Office of Semar
Suryakencana Cipta
Justiceindo
Tauvik M. Soeherman
Paramadina Graduate School
of Diplomacy and Strategic
International Policies
Todung Mulya Lubis
Lubis, Santosa & Maramis
Law Firm
Tony Budidjaja
Budidjaja & Associates
Tristam Pascal Moeliono
Catholic University of
Parahyangan
Anonymous Contributors
Alberto Fantini
Studio Legale Tonucci &
Partners
Alessio Di Amato
Astolfo Di Amato e Associati
Anna Mastromarino
University of Turin
Anna Simonati
University of Trento
Antonella Antonucci
Università degli Studi di Bari
Aldo Moro
Antonio Cassatella
University of Trento
Antonio Viscomi
Università Magna Grecia di
Catanzaro
Astolfo di Amato
Astolfo Di Amato e Associati
Daniele Geronzi & Chiara
Lunetti
Legance - Avvocati Associati
Davide Cacchioli
Pedersoli e Associati
Emanele Cortesi
CMA Law Firm
Emanuele Scafato
Società Italiana di Alcologia
Enrico Maria Mancuso
Università Cattolica del sacro
Cuore, Milano
Enzo Balboni
Università Cattolica del sacro
Cuore, Milano
Francesco Maria Avato
University of Ferrara
Gian Luigi Gatta
Università degli Studi di
Milano
Giuseppe Lorenzo Rosa
Giuseppe Scassellati
Sforzolini
Lorenzo Zoppoli
University of
Naples Federico II
Luigi Mori
Biolato, Longo, Ridola & Mori
Manuela Cavallo
Portolano Cavallo
Marco Esposito
Parthenope
University of Naples
Mariano Cingolani
University of Macerata
Massimiliano Delfino
University of Naples
Federico II
Patrizio Ivo D’Andrea
University of Ferrara
Pauline R. Rosa
Pierpaolo Martucci
University of Trieste
Pietro Faraguna
LUISS Guido Carli University
Riccardo Del Punta
University of Florence
Roberto Caranta
University of Turin
Roberto Rosapepe
Roberto Toniatti
University of Trento
Rocchina Staiano
Università di Teramo
Serena Forlati
University of Ferrara
Valerio De Stefano
Bocconi University
Anonymous Contributors
Nicola Satchell
University of the West Indies
Paul D. Brown
University of the West Indies
Rachael Irving
University of the West Indies
Samantha Burke
Lex Caribbean,
Attorneys-at-Law
Sharon Neil Smith
Patterson Mair Hamilton
Sharon White
University of the West Indies
Sonia D. Gatchair
University of the West Indies
Sylvia Mitchell
University of the West Indies
Verona Henry Ferguson
University of the West Indies
Anonymous Contributors
Thaer Najdawi
A & T Najdawi Law Office
Anonymous Contributors
Abolfazl Shirazi
Avicenna Research Institute
Arash Izadi
Izadi Law Firm
Ehsan Hosseinzadeh
Educated Lawyers Law Firm
Encyeh Seyed Sadr
Bayan Emrooz Law Firm
Hamid Bagherzadeh
Iranian Bar Assosiation
Mohammad Rahmani
Bayan Emrooz Law Firm
Nasim Gheidi &
Amirhossein Tanhaei
Gheidi & Associates Law
Office
Nima Nasrollahi Shahri
APP Lawfirm (Dentons)
Parviz Azadfallah
Tarbiat Modares University
Soroosh Falahati
Bayan Emrooz Law Firm
Yahya Rayegani
PraeLegal Iran
Anonymous Contributors
Althea Bailey
Community Health &
Psychiatry
Anthony Clayton
University of the West Indies
Antoinette Barton-Gooden
University of the West Indies
Audrey Brown
Cynthia Pearl Pitter
University of the West Indies
David Smith
University of the West Indies
Emile G.R. Leiba
DunnCox, Attorneys-at-law
Eris Schoburgh
University of the West Indies
J. Peter Figueroa
University of the West Indies
Joanne Wood Rattray
DunnCox, Attorneys-at-law
Kevin O. Powell
Hylton Powell,
Attorneys-at-Law
Lester O. Shields
University of the West Indies
Marie Freckleton
University of the West Indies
Narda Graham
DunnCox, Attorneys-at-law
Hiroshi Nishihara
Waseda University
Masanori Iwasa
The Law Office of
Takashi Takano
Masanori Tanabe
Sakai Law Office
Naohiro Yashiro
Showa Women’s University
Shigeji Ishiguro
Oguri & Ishiguro Law Office
Toshiaki Higashi
University of Occupational
and Environmental Health
Yasuhiro Fujii
Law Office of Yasuhiro Fujii
Anonymous Contributors
Aidos Kussainov
Sayat Zholshy & Partners
Law Firm
Assel Kulisheva
Michael Wilson &
Partners Ltd.
Dmitriy Chumakov
Sayat Zholshy & Partners
Law Firm
Larissa Orlova
Michael Wilson &
Partners Ltd.
Nurzhan Albanov
Dentons Kazakhstan
Sergei Vataev
Dechert Kazakhstan Ltd.
Sofia Zhylkaidarova
SIGNUM Law Firm
Yerjanov Timur
Kazakh National University
Yerzhan Yessimkhanov
GRATA International
Zhanat Alimanov
KIMEP University
Anonymous Contributors
Angela Waweru
Kaplan & Stratton Advocates
Dennis Mung’ata
Gichimu Mung’ata Advocates
Edward Bett
D.K Korir & Associates
Advocates
Jacqueline Kamau
James Mang’erere
Mang’erere J. and Co.,
Advocates
John Mudegu Vulule
Kenya Medical Research
Institute
Kamau Karori
IKM Advocates
Kiingati Ndirangu
Kairu Mbuthia & Kiingati
Advocates
Laila Abdul Latif
George & Lydeen Advocates
Leonard Samson Opundo
Milly Odongo
Al-Nawayseh Abdulellah
Mutah University
Anwar Mahmoud Batieha
Jordan University of
Science and Technology
George Hazboun
International Consolidated for
Legal Consultations
Mahmoud Ali Quteishat
Rasha Laswi
Zalloum and Laswi Law Firm
Tamara Al Rawwad
University of Houston
Iran
Jamaica
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Jordan
Italy
Contributing Experts186 |
Alfred Hill
International Development
Law Organization
Cecil Griffiths
Liberia National Law
Enforcement Association
Hannan J. Karnley-Bestman
James C.R. Flomo
Public Defenders’ Program
of Liberia
Kula L. Jackson
Heritage Partners &
Associates Inc.
Lorma Baysah
Rural Human Rights Activists
Programme
Robert N. Gbarbea
The Carter Center
T. Debey Sayndee
Kofi Annan Institute,
University of Liberia
Anonymous Contributors
Andry Michaël Rajaoharison
Etude Rajaoharison Andry
Michaël
Antsa L. Ramiakajato
Cabinet d’Avocats Willy
Razafinjatovo
Bakoly Razaiarisolo
Rakotomalala
Ketakandriana Rafitoson
Wake Up Madagascar
Lala Ratsiharovala
Léonard Velozandry
Barreau de Madagascar
Njara Andrianasoavina
Cabinet d’Avocats
Rajerison Alexandra
Barreau de Madagascar
Adamson S. Muula
University of Malawi
Allan Hans Muhome
Malawi Law Society
Annabel Mtalimanja
High Court of Malawi
Charles Mangani
Malawi College of Medicine
Gabriel Kambale
G.K. Associates
George Naphambo
Naphambo and Company
Gift Nankhuni
G. Nankhuni & Partners
Jack N’riva
Malawi Judiciary
James A.P. Mwaisemba
Sanctuary Dental Clinic
Jean Kayira
Malawi Judiciary
Madalitso M’meta
M&M Global Law Consultants
Martha Kaukonde
Competition and
Fair Trading Commission
Patrice C. Nkhono
Mbendera & Nkhono
Associates
Remmie Ng’omba
Wilson and Morgan
Sosten Chilumpha
Anonymous Contributors
Alejandra Moreno
Altamirano
Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México
Alfonso Rodriguez Arana
Legalmex S.C.
Alfredo Kupfer-Domínguez
Sanchez Devanny,
Eseverri, S.C.
Alonso González-Villalobos
Aurea Esther
Grijalva Eternod
Universidad de Guadalajara
Carlos de Buen Unna
Bufete de Buen, S.C.
Carlos Enrique
Burguete Medina
Lazo, Villa, Moel y García, S.C.
Cinthya Castillero Vera
Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México;
Gerbera Capital
Asesores, S.C.
Daniel Carrancá de la Mora
Instituto Mexicano para la
Justicia
Elias Huerta Psihas
Asociación Nacional de
Doctores en Derecho
Emiliano Baidenbaum
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Enrique Camarena
Domínguez
Maqueo, De Garay y
Aguilar, S.C.
Aleksandar Godjo
Godzo, Kiceec & Novakovski
Aleksandar Ickovski
Aleksandra Baleva
Grozdanova
Godzo, Kiceec & Novakovski
Besa Arifi
South East European
University
Biljana Chavkoska
Aikanysh Jeenbaeva
Academy of Public
Administration
Akbar Suvanbekov
Ministry of Health
Albanova Aizhan
Azamat Kerimbaev
ABA ROLI
Elena Babitskaya
VERITAS Law Agency
Ermek Mamaev
Kalikova & Associates
Law Firm
Jenishbek Arzymatov
Jyldyz Tagaeva
Kalikova & Associates
Law Firm
Nadejda Prigoda
Kyrgyz-Russian
Slavic University
Saltanat Moldoisaeva
Ministry of Health
Zhanyl Abdrakhmanova
Centil Law
Anonymous Contributors
Abel F. Mourad
Al-Manar University of Tripoli
Antoine G. Ghafari
Elias Chalhoub
Arab Center for the
Development of the Rule of
Law and Integrity
Elias Matar
Abou Jaoude & Associates
Law Firm
Jean E. Akl
Akl Law Practice
Jihad Irani
University of Balamand
Joelle Choueifati
Khatoun Haidar
Synergy - Takamol
Mohamad Ramadan
Elaref International Law
Office
Thomas N. Maosa
Maosa & Co., Advocates
and Attorneys
Wilfred Nderitu
Nderitu & Partners Advocates
Anonymous Contributors
Pierre Obeid
University of Balamand
Rany Sader
Sader Legal Publishing
Roula Zayat
Arab Center for the
Development of the Rule of
Law and Integrity
Salah Mattar
Mattar Law Firm
Souraya Machnouk
Abou Jaoude & Associates
Law Firm
Tony Zreik
Lebanese American University
Wissam Kabbara
Lebanese American University
Anonymous Contributors
Dance Gudeva Nikovska
Ss. Cyril and
Methodius University
Darko Nikodinovski
Trpenoski Law Firm
Deljo Kadiev
Doncho Donev
Ss. Cyril and Methodius
University
Dori Kimova
Kimova Law Office
Ilija Nedelkoski
Cakmakova Advocates
Katerina Lazareska
Leonid Trpenoski
Trpenoski Law Firm
Ljupka Noveska Andonova
Maja Jakimovska
Cakmakova Advocates
Maja Risteska
AD Insurance Policy
Neda Milevska Kostova
Studiorum Centre for
Regional Policy Research
and Cooperation
Sinisha Dimitrovski
Law Firm TEMIS SB
Stefan Chichevaliev
Studiorum Centre for
Regional Policy Research
and Cooperation
Strashko Stojanovski
Goce Delchev University
Svetlana Veljanovska
Anonymous Contributors
Rajerison Olivia Alberte
Cabinet Rajerison
Rakotomanantsoa
John W Ffooks & Co.
Law Firm
Ralambondrainy
Rakotobe Nelly
Cour Suprême de Madagascar
Rapelanoro Rabenja
Fahafahantsoa
Université Antananrivo
Rasolonanahary
Vololoniaina
Raymond Rakotomanga
Jhpiego Maternal and
Childhood Survival Program
Riki Joselito Rakotobe
Cabinet d’Avocat Associés
Anonymous Contributors
Ashgar Ali Ali Mohamed
Chew Phye Keat
Raja, Darryl & Loh
Dato’ Azmi Mohd Ali
Azmi & Associates
Faridah Jalil
Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia
Loong Caesar
Raslan Loong
Rizal Rahman
Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia
S. B. Cheah
S. B. Cheah & Associates
Sharon Kaur
University of Malaya
Vijayan Venugopal
Shearn Delamore & Co.
Anonymous Contributors
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mexico
Macedonia
Malaysia
Kyrgyzstan
Lebanon
Contributing Experts | 187
Adrian Belii
Nicolae Testemitanu State
University of
Medicine and Pharmacy
Alexandru Cuznetov
Moldova State University
Alexei Croitor
Daniel Martin
BAA ACI Partners
Graur Eugeniu
NGO Certitudine
Iulia Furtuna
Turcan Cazac Law Firm
Marica Dumitrasco
Academy of Sciences of
Moldova
Vitalie Zama
Anonymous Contributors
Abdelaziz Amraoui
Abdellah Bakkali
Bakkali Law Firm
Ali Lachgar Essahili
Lachgar Essahili Law Firm
Azzedine Kettani
Kettani Law Firm
Badi Ali
Centre Marocain des Droits
de l’Homme
Lhassan M’Barki
Southern for Studies and
Sustainable Development
M. S. Briou
BriouLaw
Mimoun Charqi
Charqi Lex Consulting
Mohamed Aakinou
Mohamed Baske Manar
Université Cadi Ayyad
Mohamed El Mernissi
FIGES
Mohamed Salmi
Comité des droits de l’Homme
Nesrine Roudane
NERO Boutique Law Firm
Richard D. Cantin
NERO Boutique Law Firm
S. Fenjiro
Saad Moummi
Tarik Mossadek
Université Hassan I. Settat
B. Enkhbat
MDS & KhanLex LLP
Badamragchaa Purevdorj
Open Society
Forum of Mongolia
Batbayar Ganbayar
Batbayar and Partners LLP
Bayar Budragchaa
ELC Advocates LLP
David C. Buxbaum
Anderson & Anderson LLP
Erdenebalsuren Damdin
Supreme Court of Mongolia
Erdenebat Ganbat
General Prosecutors Office
G. Batjargal
MDS & KhanLex LLP
Esteban Maqueo Barnetche
Maqueo, De Garay y
Aguilar, S.C.
Franz Oberarzbacher
ITAM
Gilberto Miguel
Valle Zulbarán
Basham Ringe & Correa, S.C.
Guillermo A. Gatt Corona
ITESO y Universidad
Panamericana
Guillermo Piecarchic
PMC GROUP
Héctor González Schmal
Hugo Hernández-Ojeda
Alvírez
Hogan Lovells BSTL, S.C.
Iván García Gárate
Borde Jurídico
Jorge Luis Silva Méndez
Banco Mundial
José Alberto
Campos Vargas
Sanchez Devanny,
Eseverri, S.C.
José Antonio
Sadurní González
AA&R
José Arturo
Granados Cosme
Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana
José Fernández de
Cevallos y Torres
Asociación Nacional de
Doctores en Derecho
José Rodrigo Moreno
Rodríguez
Medina y Rodríguez
Abogados, S.C.
Juan Carlos Tornel
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Juan Francisco Torres
Landa R.
Hogan Lovells
Juan Manuel Juarez Mesa
Contramar Abogados
L. Alberto
Balderas Fernández
Jáuregui y Del Valle, S.C.
Luciano Mendoza Cruz
Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México
Mario Alberto Rocha
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Monica Schiaffino
Littler Mexico
Oliva López Arellano
Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana
Pablo Medina Magallanes
Medina y Rodríguez
Abogados, S.C.
Rodrigo Lazo
Lazo, Villa, Moel y García, S.C.
Sergio López Moreno
Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana
Teresa Carmona
Victor Manuel
Ortega Gonzalez
Fundación Civitas Firma, A.C.
Anonymous Contributors
Ganbat Byambaa
Ulaanbaatar City Health
Department
Indermohan S. Narula
Global Fund
Khishigsaikhan Batchuluun
Open Society Forum of
Mongolia
Munkhdorj Badral
Mongol Advocates LLP
Munkhjargal Ragchaakhuu
BNP LLP
Nomingerel Khuyag
Saranchimeg Byamba
National Registration and
Statistical Office
Sunjid Dugar
Civic Engagement Project
Zanaa Jurmed
Center for Citizens’ Alliance
Anonymous Contributors
Zineb Idrissia Hamzi
Hamzi Law Firm
Anonymous Contributors
Shiva Prasad Rijal
Pioneer Law Associates Ltd.
Subarna K. Khatry
Nepal Nutrition
Intervention Project - Sarlahi
Sudeep Gautam
Center for Legal Research and
Resource Development
Sudha Kafle
Anonymous Contributors
Cho Cho Myint
Interactive Co., Ltd.
Kyaw Kyaw Han
Min Thein
Rajah & Tann NK
Legal Co. Ltd.
Myint Aung
Aids Support Group
Nickey Diamond
Fortify Rights
Tin Sein
Polastri Wint & Partners
Legal Services Ltd.
U Mya Thein
U Mya Thein & Legal Group
Win Naing
Supreme Court of Myanmar
Wint Thandar Oo
Polastri Wint & Partners
Legal Services Ltd.
Anonymous Contributors
Bijaya Prasad Mishra
Kalyan Law Firm
Bishnu Luitel
BG Law Foundation
Budhi Karki
Constitutional Litigation &
Consultancy Services
Gourish K. Kharel
Kto Inc.
Madhab Raj Ghimire
PSM Global
Consultants P. Ltd
Narayan P. Ghimire
Pradhan, Ghimire &
Associates
Nil Mani Upadhyay
Rabin Subedi
Public Interest Law, Advocacy
and Litigation Nepal
Rup Narayan Shrestha
Avenue Law Firm
Sangha Ratna Bajracharya
Institute of Medicine
Shankar Limbu
Lawyers’ Association for
Human Rights of Nepalese
Indigenous Peoples
A.A. Bloemberg
Mesland & Vroegh Advocaten
Agnes C. Gebhard
KNCV TB Foundation
Arnold Versteeg
Macro & Versteeg Advocaten
Eugenie Nunes
Boekel
G. den Hertog
Galavazi Den Hertog
Hans J. Hoegen Dijkhof
Hoegen Dijkhof Attorneys &
Tax Counsellors
Hansko Broeksteeg
Radboud University
JAC Meeuwissen
Trimbos Institute, Institute of
Mental Health and Addiction
Jacqueline van den Bosch
IVY Corporate
Defence & Investigations
Jasper van Hulst
Höcker Advocaten
Joost Italianer
NautaDutilh N.V.
M.E. van den Akker
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
M.J. de Heer
Vakbond De Unie
Marcel Willems
Kennedy Van der Laan NV
Petrus C. van Duyne
Tilburg University
S.F.H. Jellinghaus
Tilburg University; De Voort
Advocaten
Theo de Roos
Tilburg University
Anonymous Contributors
Moldova
Morocco
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Netherlands
Contributing Experts188 |
Dolapo Akinrele
F.O. Akinrele & Co.
Eno Ebong
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Enoch Mozong Azariah
Legal Aid Council of Nigeria
Felicia Nwanne Monye
University of Nigeria
Festus Okechukwu
Ukwueze
University of Nigeria
Festus Onyia
Udo Udoma & Belo-Osagie
Funmilola OlaOlorun
University of Ibadan
College of Medecine
Gbenga Odusola
Gbenga Odusola & Co.
Godwin Etim
AELEX
Godwin O. Obla
Innocent Abidoye
Nnenna Ejekam Associates
Joseph E. O. Abugu
Abugu & Co.
Jumoke Fajemirokun
Advisory Legal Consultants
Michael Abayomi
Bisade Alliyu
Chief Yomi Alliyu & Co.
Michael C. Asuzu
University of Ibadan
College of Medecine
Morenikeji Osilaja
Sofunde Osakwe
Ogundipe & Belgore
Nelson Ogbuanya
Nocs Consults
Nkadi Anthony
F.O. Akinrele & Co.
Obiajulu Nnamuchi
University of Nigeria
Oghogho Makinde
Aluko & Oyebode
Oladejo Justus Olowu
American University of
Nigeria School of Law
Olasupo Olaibi
Supo Olaibi & Company
Olubunmi Fayokun
Aluko & Oyebode
Olumide Aju
F.O. Akinrele & Co.
Olumide Ekisola
Adejumo & Ekisola: Legal
Practitioners
Oluwadamilare Yomi-Alliyu
Chief Yomi Alliyu & Co.
Onjefu Adoga
Brooke Chambers Law Firm
Ozofu Olatunde Ogiemudia
Udo Udoma & Belo-Osagie
Pontian N. Okoli
University of Dundee
Precious Aderemi
Babalakin & Co., Nigeria
Terrumun Z. Swende
Benue State University
College of Health Sciences
Yomi Dare
Yomi Dare & Co.
Yusuf Ali San
Yusuf Ali & Co.
Anonymous Contributors
Aaron Lloyd
Minter Ellison Rudd Watts
Alan Knowsley
Rainey Collins Lawyers
Alberto Costi
Victoria University of
Wellington
Andrew Geddis
University of Otago
Andrew Schulte
Cavell Leitch
Austin Forbes
Brian Keene
Campbell Roberts
The Salvation Army Social
Policy and Parliamentary Unit
Cheryl Simes
Kiwilaw
Chris Noonan
University of Auckland
D. J. Lyon
Lyon O’Neale Arnold
Danny Jacobson
D. Jacobson & T. Marshall
Employment Lawyers
David V. Williams
University of Auckland
Dean Kilpatrick
Anthony Harper Lawyers
Denise Arnold
Lyon O’Neale Arnold
Erich Bachmann
Hesketh Henry
Gay Morgan
University of Waikato
Geoff Hall
University of Otago
Gordon Anderson
Victoria University of
Wellington
Grace Haden
Transparency
New Zealand, Ltd.
Jyostana Haria
Justitia Chambers
Kathryn Guise
Brown Partners Lawyers
Kevin J. Riordan
Office of the Judge
Advocate General
M. B. Rodriguez Ferrere
University of Otago
Malcolm Rabson
Ana Carolina Álvarez Gil
Consortium Legal - Nicaragua
Angélica María
Toruño García
Universidad Evangélica
Martin Luther King Jr.
David José Sánchez Soza
Consortium Legal - Nicaragua
John L. Minnella
Minnella Romano y Asociados
Luis Manuel
Perezalonso Lanzas
Bufete Jurídico Perezalonso
Ramiro Rodríguez Urcuyo
INTERPROLAW
Samantha Aguilar Beteta
Consortium Legal - Nicaragua
Urania Ruiz Condega
Víctor Jesús
Méndez Dussán
Asociación Nicaragüense
de Salud Pública
Anonymous Contributors
Abdulfattah Adewale Bakre
Legal Aid Council of Nigeria
Abdulhamid
Abdullahi Bagara
Community Health and
Research Initiative - Kano
Adamu M. Usman
F.O. Akinrele & Co.
Adedolapo Akinrele
F.O. Akinrele & Co.
Adewale Akande
Auxilium Attorneys
Agu Ezetah
Law Agu Ezetah & Co.
Aniekan Ukpanah
Udo Udoma & Belo-Osagie
Bisi Bright
LiveWell Initiative
Bolanle O. Jibogun
Legal Aid Council of Nigeria
Chioma Kanu Agomo
University of Lagos
Chudi Nelson Ojukwu
LC&N
Chukwuemeka
Castro Nwabuzor
Nigerian Institute of
Advanced Legal Studies
Chukwunweike Ogbuabor
University of Nigeria
Arild Vaktskjold
Sjukehuset i Innlandet og
Høgskulen i Hedmark
Bent Endresen
EBT Advocates
Erik Keiserud
Advokatfirmaet Hjort DA
Erlig Lind
Advokatfirmaet Wiersholm
Harald B. Ciarlo
Ivar Alvik
University of Oslo
Jan Frich
University of Oslo
Jan Fridthjof Bernt
University of Bergen
Jon T. Johnsen
University of Oslo
Karl Harald Søvig
University of Bergen
Magne Strandberg
University of Bergen
Magnus Ødegaard
Bing Hodneland
Advokatselskap DA
Niels R. Kiær
Rime Advokatfirma DA
Stella M. Tuft
Microsoft
Terje Einarsen
University of Bergen
Tor Vale
Ulf Stridbeck
University of Oslo
Anonymous Contributors
Marie Bismark
University of Melbourne
Marie Grills
RPB Law
Mark Bennett
Victoria University of
Wellington
Mark Winger
Holmden Horrocks
Mary-Rose Russell
Matt Berkahn
Massey University
Michael Bott
Mike French
Auckland University of
Technology
Nick Crang
Duncan Cotterill
Nicola Wheen
University of Otago
Nigel Hampton
Paul Michalik
Paul Roth
University of Otago
Penny Bright
Peter Watts
University of Auckland
Petra Butler
Victoria University of
Wellington
Simon Ladd
Bell Gully
Sonja M. Cooper
Cooper Legal
Stephen Eliot Smith
University of Otago
Stephen Franks
Franks Ogilvie
Steven Zindel
Zindels
Trevor Daya-Winterbottom
University of Waikato
W. John Hopkins
University of Canterbury
W. M. Thomson
University of Otago
William Akel
Simpson Grierson
Anonymous Contributors
New Zealand Nicaragua
Nigeria
Norway
Contributing Experts | 189
Marcos Ricardo
Revatta Salas
Universidad Nacional San Luis
Gonzaga de Ica
María del Pilar Pozo García
Hospital Central Fuerza
Aérea del Perú
Nelson Ramirez Jiménez
Orlando De Las Casas
Estudio Yori Abogados
Raquel Cancino
Universidad Peruana
Cayetano Heredia
Ricardo Antonio
Pauli Montewnegro
Rosa Maria
Velasco Valderas
Instituto Nacional de
Ciencias Neurológicas
Rossana Maccera
Anonymous Contributors
Maita Chan-Gonzaga
Ateneo de Manila University
School of Law
Marizen Santos
Commission on Human Rights
of the Philippines
Nancy Joan Javier
Javier Law
Oliver Pantaleon
ACCRALAW
Reginald A. Tongol
Regie Tongol Law and
Communications Firm
Reynald Trillana
Philippine Center for Civic
Education and Democracy
Ronahlee A. Asuncion
SOLAIR, University of the
Philippines Diliman
Anonymous Contributors
Stefan Jaworski
Tomasz Trojanowski
Przychodnia Wassowskiego
Anonymous Contributors
Tomás Humberto
Herrera Díaz
Movimiento I
nstitucionalidad y Justicia
Anonymous Contributors
Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Fazleghani Advocates
Asma Balal
Marie Stopes Society
Asma Jahangir
AGHS Legal Aid Cell
Faiza Muzaffar
Legis Inn Attorneys &
Corporate Consultants
Hasan Hameed Bhatti
Lahore Waste
Management Company
Iftikhar Ahmad Tarar
Punjab University Law College
Karamat Ali
PILER
Kausar S. Khan
Aga Khan University
Mohammad Akmal Wasim
Legal Rights Forum
Mohammad Zakaria
Muhammad Nouman Shams
Qazi Law Associates,
Advocates &
Legal Consultants
Muzaffar Islam
Legis Inn Attorneys &
Corporate Consultants
Qasim Ali Bhatti
Rubina Ali
Saqib Jillani
Jillani & Co.
Shams ul Haque Joiya
Right Law Company
Sohail Bawani
Aga Khan University
Tariq Rahim
Tariq Rahim Law Associates
Umer Farooq
Ayub Medical College
Xaher Gul
Marie Stopes Society
Anonymous Contributors
Afdal B. Kunting
Zamboanga City
Medical Center
Carmelita Gopez Nuqui
Development Action for
Women Network
Cesar L. Villanueva
Governance Commission
for GOCCs
Emerico O. De Guzman
ACCRALAW
Enriquito J. Mendoza
Romulo Mabanta
Buenaventura Sayoc & de los
Angeles
Francis Tom Temprosa
Ateneo de Manila University
School of Law
Jesusito G. Morallos
Follosco Morallos & Herce
Joanna Maries Narvaez
Joanne B. Babon
Follosco Morallos & Herce
Jonathan Sale
Jose Cochingyan III
Cochingyan & Peralta
Law Offices
Karen Gomez Dumpit
Commission on Human Rights
of the Philippines
Ma. Louisa Viloria-Yap
The Law Firm of Garcia Inigo
& Partners
Adam Morawski
Morawski & Partners
Law Firm
Agnieszka Helsztyńska
Kancelaria Adwokacka
Agnieszka Helsztyńska
Andrzej Brodziak
Institute of
Occupational Medicine and
Environmental Health
Jacek Wierciński
Warsaw University
Janusz Bojarski
Nicolaus Copernicus
University
Joanna
Kosińska-Wiercińska
Krzysztof Kowalczyk
BSJP
Krzysztof Rastawicki
Rastawicki Mianowski
Sawicki sp.k.
Krzysztof Wierzbowski
Wierzbowski Eversheds
Małgorzata Grzelak
Squire Patton Boggs
Paweł Lipski
Wierzbowski Eversheds
Piotr Jakub Rastawicki
Rastawicki Mianowski
Sawicki sp.k.
Piotr Sadownik
Gide Loyrette Nouel
Radoslaw T. Skowron
KKPW Law Office
Alcides Gabriel
Castillo Rivera
Acabogadopty
Ibis Sánchez-Serrano
The Core Model
Corporation, SA
Mario A. Rognoni H.
Arosemena, Noriega &
Contreras
Alberto Varillas C.
García Sayán Abogados
Alfredo Gastañeta Alayza
García Sayán Abogados
Arturo Gárate Salazar
Universidad Federico
Villarreal
Cecilia Ma Cardenas
César Puntriano Rosas
Pontificia Universidad
Católica del Perú
Danilo Sanchez Coronel
Universidad Cesar Vallejo
Dennis Oswaldo
Vílchez Ramírez
Estudio Ghersi Abogados
Elena Timoteo Quispe
German Jimenez Borra
Estudio Muñiz, Ramirez, Perez
Taiman & Olaya Abogados
Glenn Alberto
Lozano Zanelly
Universidad Inca Garcilaso
de la Vega
Gonzalo Garcia
Calderon Moreyra
Estudio Garcia Calderon
Grover Jonny
Arangurí Carranza
Seguro Social del Perú
Gustavo de los Ríos Woolls
Rey & de los Ríos - Abogados
Ismael Cornejo-Rosello
Dianderas
Gerencia Regional
de Salud Arequipa
Jean Paul Borit
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
José Luis Velarde Lazarte
Estudio Olaechea
Julio Espinoza Jiménez
Universidad Federico
Villarreal
Karla Zuta Palacios
Marco Alarcon
Estudio Echecopar
Anja Bothe
Universidade Autónoma
Lisbon
António José Casa Nova
Escola Superior de Saúde de
Portalegre
Carlos Lopes Ribeiro
CR - Advogados
Carolina Boullosa Gonzalez
ACE - Sociedade de
Advogados, RL
Eduardo Buisson Loureiro
Eduardo Correia
de Azevedo
Chaves, Roquette, Matos,
Azevedo & Asociados
Fernando Antas da Cunha
Antas da Cunha & Asociados
Inês Reis
PBBR - Sociedade de
Advogados
Joana Barrilaro Ruas
Ferreira da Conceição,
Menezes & Associados
José Alves do Carmo
AVM Advogados
Libertário Teixeira
LTCF Law Firm
Luis Brito Correia
Luis Brito Correia, Advogados
Luis Miguel Amaral
Luis Miguel Amaral -
Advogados
Margarida Lucas Rodrigues
ACE - Sociedade de
Advogados
Maria do Rosário Anjos
Anjos, Martins & Asociados
Miguel Andrade
Miguel Andrade Lawyers
Miguel Reis
MRA Lawyers
Pedro Pinto
PBBR - Sociedade de
Advogados
Rui Tavares Correia
Abreu & Marques
Sandrine Bisson Marvao
Bisson Marvao
Pakistan
Philippines
Poland
Panama
Peru
Portugal
Contributing Experts190 |
Teresa Anselmo Vaz
Anselmo Vaz, Afra &
Asociados
Tiago Melo Alves
Melo Alves - Advogados
Anonymous Contributors
Bogdan C. Stoica
Popovici Nitu Stoica &
Asociatii
Catalin Micu
Zamfirescu Racoti & Partners
Christian Bogaru
Bogaru, Braun Noviello &
Associates
Cornescu Oana Lucia
Țuca Zbârcea & Asociații
Cosmin Flavius Costaş
Costaş, Negru & Asociaţii Societate
Civilă de Avocaţi
Cristina Alexe
ACEADVISOR,
Attorneys at Law
Dan Curiciuc
SCA Zamfirescu
Racoti & Partners
Dan Oancea
Dan Oancea Law Office
Daniel Nitu
Babes-Bolyai University;
Iordachescu & Associates
Law Firm
Dariescu Cosmin
Alexandru Ioan Cuza
University of Iaşi
Diana Botau
Babes-Bolyai University
Dragos Daghie
Daghie & Asociatii
Felicia Rosioru
Babes-Bolyai University
Flavius A. Baias
University of Bucharest
Gheorghe Piperea
Piperea & Asociatii
Gherdan Sergiu
Gherdan Law Office
Iulian Patrascanu
Fine Law Patrascanu
& Associates
Larion Alina Paula
Stefan cel Mare University
Lazăr Ioan
Baroul Alba
Lazar Laura
Babes-Bolyai University
Lucian Bondoc
Bondoc & Asociatii, SCA
Marius Balan
Alexandru Ioan Cuza
University of Iaşi
Maxim Mihaela Liliana
Țuca Zbârcea & Asociații
Mihai Dunea
Alexandru Ioan Cuza
University of Iaşi
Mihail Romeo Nicolescu
Romeo Nicolescu Law Office
Miloiu Ciprian
Nicolae-Bogdan Bulai
University of Bucharest
Ovidiu Podaru
Babes-Bolyai University
Panainte Vasile Septimiu
Alexandru Ioan Cuza
University of Iaşi
Radu Rizoiu
Rizoiu & Asociatii, SCA
Roxana Iordachescu
Iordachescu & Associates
Law Firm
Serban Paslaru
Țuca Zbârcea & Asociații
Sergiu Golub
Babes-Bolyai University
Stoia Iulian Aleander
Bucharest Bar Association
Valeriu M. Ciuca
Alexandru Ioan Cuza
University of Iaşi
Veronica Dobozi
Stoica & Asociatii
Anonymous Contributors
Charles Wilkin
Kelsick, Wilkin, and Ferdinand
Dia Forrester
Daniel Brantley
Attorneys at Law
Gyan Robinson
Daniel Brantley
Attorneys at Law
Jan Dash
Liburd and Dash, LP
Lenora Walwyn
WalwynLaw
Michella Adrien
Michella Adrien Law Offices
Rayana Dowden
WEBSTER
Anonymous Contributors
Akanni
Université Cheikh Anta Diop
de Dakar
Ameth Ba
SCP Ba & Tandian
Bocar Balde
GENI & KEBE Law Firm
Boubacar Borgho Diakite
GENI & KEBE Law Firm
Christian Faye
Christian Faye & Associés
Cire Cledor Ly
Avocat du Barreau de Dakar
Diène Kolly
Ousseynou Diouf
Université Assane Seck
de Ziguinchor
El Hadji Mame Gning
EMG-Avocats Sénégal
Ibrahima-Baidy Niane
Avocats Sans
Frontières Sénégal
Mamadou Ba
USADF Sénégal
Mansour Gningue
GENI & KEBE Law Firm
Moussa Mbacke
Moussa Sarr
SCP Mame Adama
Gueye et Associés
Moustapha Ndoye et ses
collaborateurs
Ndiaye Semou
Université Cheikh Anta Diop
de Dakar
Samba Cor Sarr
Ministère de la Santé et de
l’Action sociale
Anonymous Contributors
Leandra Gabrielle Verneuil
Jennifer Remy & Associates
Paulette Francis
Paulette Francis Chambers
Trudy O. Glasgow
Trudy O. Glasgow &
Associates
Virginia Joseph
Spartan Health Science
University
Anonymous Contributors
Heidi Badenock
UNILAC
Israel R. Bruce
Bruce Law Chambers
Michaela Ambrose
Baptiste & Co. Law Firm, Inc.
Mikhail Charles
Baptiste & Co. Law Firm, Inc.
Moureeze Franklyn
Baptiste & Co. Law Firm, Inc.
Patricia P. Marks-Minors
The Law Firm of
Marks & Marks
S. C. Fraser
Sentinel Law
Shirlan Barnwell
LegalEase SVG Inc.
Anonymous Contributors
Alexander Romanov
RANEPA
Andrey Neznamov
Dentons
Anton Iuzhanin
Russin & Vecchi, LLC
Eduard Margulyan
Moscow Legal Bureau of
Margulyan & Kovalev
Natalia G. Prisekina
Russin & Vecchi, LLC
Natalya Morozova
Vinson & Elkins, LLP
Nikolai Kostenko
Moscow Helsinki Group
Vladimir Yarkov
Urals State Law University
Zhanna Iosivna Ovsepyan
South Federal University
Anonymous Contributors
Danilo Curcic
YUCOM Lawyers’
Committee for Human Rights
Djordje Djurisic
Law Office of Djordje Djurisic
Dragan Psodorov
Joksovic, Stojanovic &
Partners
Dusan S. Dimitrijevic
Dimitrijevic Law Office
Dušan Stojković
Stojković Law Office
Ivan Kovacevic
Lalin Law Office
Nadica Figar
Bok Ki Hong
Yonsei University
School of Law
Charles Choo
Jehyun Law
Duk Yeon Lee
Yonsei University
School of Law
Haksoo Ko
Seoul National University
School of Law
Hwang Lee
Korea University
School of Law
Jaeseop Song
Shin & Kim
Jeongeun Choi
Yoon & Yang
Jeongoh Kim
Yonsei University
Jiyong Park
Yonsei University
Junsok Yang
The Catholic
University of Korea
Sang Won Lee
Seoul National University
Sangbong Lee
Hwang Mok Park, PC
Seungwoo Lee
Kim & Chang
Anonymous Contributors
Alexandru Moldoveanu
Țuca Zbârcea & Asociații
Anca Albulescu
bpv Grigorescu Stefanica
Andrei Danciu
SCA Cataniciu & Asociatii
Andrei Mircea Zamfirescu
Gilescu, Valeanu, Nathanzon
& Partners - CHSH
Aura Campeanu
PETOŠEVIĆ
Aurora Ciuca
Iasi Bar of Barristers; Stefan
cel Mare University
Saint Kitts & Nevis Senegal
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent &
the Grenadines
Russia
Serbia
Republic of Korea
Romania
Contributing Experts | 191
Nebojsa Stankovic
Stankovic & Partners
Petar Stojanovic
Joksovic, Stojanovic &
Partners
Simonida
Sladojevic-Stanimirovic
Vladimir Marinkov
Guberina-Marinkov
Law Office
Zeljko Kuvizic
Kuvizic & Tadic Law Office
Anonymous Contributors
Gusha Xolani Ngantweni
University of South Africa
Hanneretha Kruger
University of South Africa
Henry Ngcobo
Bowmans
Johann Kriegler
Freedom UnderLaw
John Ataguba
University of Cape Town
School of Public Health &
Family Medicine
John Brand
Bowman Gilfillan
John Faris
Institute for Dispute
Resolution in Africa,
University of South Africa
Jonathan Klaaren
University of the
Witwatersrand
Kelly Phelps
University of Cape Town
Leon M. Louw
Free Market Foundation
Lindiwe Maqutu
University of KwaZulu-Natal
M. A. Du Plessis
University of the
Witwatersrand
M. Budeli-Nemakonde
University of South Africa
Mark Lazarus
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Marlize I. van Jaarsveld
Fairleigh Dickinson University
Martin Brassey
Michael Evans
Webber Wentzel
Milton Seligson
Cape Bar
N. A. Cameron
Stellenbosch University
N. G. Mtshali
University of KwaZulu-Natal
Peter Jordi
Wits Law Clinic
Pieter du Toit
North-West University
R. S. Green
Cox Yeats
Rolien Roos
North-West University
Rudolph Zinn
University of South Africa
Diego Gómez Iniesta
Universidad de
Castilla-La Mancha
Elena Espinosa
Servicio Canario de Salud
Emilio Díaz Ruiz
Universidad Complutense
de Madrid
Esther Fernández Molina
Universidad de
Castilla-La Mancha
Esther Mercado Garcia
Universidad de
Castilla-La Mancha
Federico Durán López
Catedráticos Universidad
de Córdoba
Federico Rodríguez Morata
Universidad de
Castilla-La Mancha
Fernando Alberich Arjona
De Castro Gabinete Jurídico
Fernando Bondía Román
Universidad Carlos III
de Madrid
Fernando Escorza Muñoz
Dirección General de Salud
Pública y Consumo
Gustavo de las Heras
Universidad de
Castilla-La Mancha
Gustavo LópezMuñoz
Larraz
López-Muñoz y Larraz &
Associados
Jacobo Dopico Gómez-Aller
Universidad Carlos III
de Madrid
Javier Melero
Melero & Gené Advocats
Javier Ramirez Iglesias
Hewlett Packard;
IE Law School
Jesús Padilla Gálvez
Universidad de
Castilla-La Mancha
Joan R. Villalbí
Agència de Salut Pública
de Barcelona
Jorge Sirvent García
Universidad Carlos III
de Madrid
José Cid
Universidad Autónoma
de Barcelona
S. S. Terblanche
University of South Africa
Tamara Cohen
University of KwaZulu-Natal
Tana Pistorius
University of South Africa
Thulani Nkosi
Wits Law Clinic
Victoria Bronstein
University of the
Witwatersrand
Yousuf A. Vawda
University of KwaZulu-Natal
School of Law
Anonymous Contributors
Andrej Bukovnik
PETOŠEVIĆ
Anton Gradišek
Dagra D.O.O.
Grega Strban
University of Ljubljana
Jorg Sladič
University of Maribor
Josip Sever
Matija Repolusk
Repolusk Law Firm
Matjaz Jan
ODI Law Firm
Peter Kos
Primož Rožman
Blood Transfusion
Centre of Slovenia
Suzana Kraljić
University of Maribor
Tilen Tacol
Law Firm Ilić & Partners LLP
Tine Mišic
ODI Law Firm
Anonymous Contributors
Africanus Sorie Sesay
Tanner Legal Advisory
Augustine
Sorie-Sengbe Marrah
Yada Williams and Associates
Editayo Pabs-Garnon
Lornard Taylor
Taylor & Associates
Anonymous Contributors
Alfonso Pedrajas Herrero
Abdón Pedrajas & Molero
Abogados & Asesores
Tributarios
Alfonso Trallero
Bajo & Trallero Abogados
Álvaro Torres Lana
Universidad de La Laguna
Andrea Macía Morillo
Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid
Antonio Pedrajas Quiles
Abdón Pedrajas
Abogados, SLP
Araceli Peláez
De Castro Gabinete Jurídico
AuxMundus
AuxMundus Abogados
Internacionales
Carles García Roqueta
Mallart & Garcia
Roqueta Abogados
Carlos Alvarez Dardet
Universidad de Alicante
Carlos Campillo-Artero
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Carlos Gómez
de la Escalera
Carmen Sáez Lara
Universidad de Córdoba
César Aguado Renedo
Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid
Christian Herrera Petrus
Herrera Advocats
Daniel Marín Moreno
Gómez-Acebo & Pombo
Chia Boon Teck
Chia Wong LLP
Dan W. Puchniak
National University of
Singapore
Elizabeth Siew-Kuan Ng
National University of
Singapore
Eric Tin Keng Seng
Donaldson & Burkinshaw LLP
Foo Cheow Ming
Gregory Chan C.T.
The Occupational and Diving
Medicine Centre
Jaclyn L. Neo
National University of
Singapore
K.H. Mak
Gleneagles Medical Centre
Michael Ewing-Chow
National University of
Singapore
Simon Chesterman
National University of
Singapore
Stefanie Yuen Thio
TSMP Law Corporation
Anonymous Contributors
Altair Richards
ENSafrica
Bart Willems
Stellenbosch University
Bernadine Benson
University of South Africa
Boitumelo Mmusinyane
University of South Africa
Chantelle Feldhaus
North-West University
Christa Rautenbach
North-West University
D. A. Hellenberg
University of Cape Town
School of Public Health &
Family Medicine
Fawzia Cassim
University of South Africa
Francois Venter
North-West University
Funmilola Abioye
University of South Africa
Gerhard Kemp
Stellenbosch University
Graham Damant
Bowman Gilfillan
Slovenia
Sierra Leone
Spain
Singapore
South Africa
Contributing Experts192 |
Jose Dominguez Ortega
Cremades y Calvo Sotelo
Abogados
José Fernández-Rañada
J & A Garrigues, SLP
Jose Luis Cebrian Gutierrez
J & A Garrigues, SLP
José Luis Cembrano Reder
Asociación Española de
Abogados de Familia (AEAFA)
Jose Luis de Peray
Fundación de Religiosos
para la Salud
José Luis Goñi Sein
Catedrático de Derecho del
Trabajo de la Universidad
Pública de Navarra
José Mª Ordóñez Iriarte
Sociedad Española de
Sanidad Ambiental
José María Labeaga Azcona
Universidad Nacional de
Educación a Distancia
José Vte. Martí-Boscà
Universitat de Valencia
Josefa Cantero Martinez
Universidad de
Castilla-La Mancha
Juan Alberto Díaz López
J. A. Díaz - Litigación Penal
Juan Antonio Lascuraín
Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid
Juan Francisco
Aguiar Rodriguez
Servicio Canario de Salud
Juan Ignacio
Marcos González
Despacho de abogados
Marcos Abogados Bilbao
Juan M. Terradillos
Universidad de Cádiz
Juan Oliva
Universidad de
Castilla-La Mancha
Juana María Serrano García
Universidad de
Castilla-La Mancha
Luis Gaite
Hospital Universitario
Marques de Valdecilla
Manuel Alvarez Feijoo
Uría Ménendez
Abogados, SLP
Manuel Ángel
De las Heras García
Universidad de Alicante
Manuel García-Villarrubia
Uría Menéndez Abogados
Mar Carrasco Andrino
Universidad de Alicante
Margarita Isabel
Ramos Quintana
Universidad de La Laguna
María Acale Sánchez
Universidad de Cádiz
María Barberá Riera
Sociedad Española de
Sanidad Ambiental
María Cristina Pumar Atrio
Rambla Abogados & Asesores
Marina Lorente Lara
J & A Garrigues, SLP
Mario Ibáñez López
Martín Godino
Asociación Nacional
de Laboralistas
Mercedes Pérez Manzano
Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid
Orlanda Díaz-García
Universidad de
Castilla-La Mancha
Paz Mercedes
de la Cuesta Aguado
Universidad de Cantabria
Rafael Ortiz Cervello
Garrigues Abogados
Rebeca Benarroch
Benarroch
Remedios Menéndez Calvo
Universidad de Alcalá
Roberto Mazorriaga
Las Hayas
Rambla Abogados & Asesores
Rosa Zarza Jimeno
Garrigues Abogados
Rosario Vicente Martínez
Universidad de
Castilla-La Mancha
Santiago Fernández
Redondo
Hospital Universitario
La Princesa
Teresa Martín Zuriaga
Gobierno de Aragon
Teresa Rodriguez Montañés
Universidad de Alcalá
Anonymous Contributors
Gustaf Sjöberg
Stockholm University
Jack Ågren
Stockholm University
Jessika van der Sluijs
Stockholm University
Johan Sangborn
Swedish Bar Association
Karl-Arne Olsson
Wesslau Söderqvist
Advokatbyrå
Karol Nowak
Lund University
Katrin Lainpelto
Stockholm University
Laura Carlson
Stockholm University
Magnus Stenbeck
Karolinska Institutet
Mats Hellström
Hellström Law Firm
Mauro Zamboni
Stockholm University
Mikael Johansson
Raoul Wallenberg Institute
of Human Rights and
Humanitarian Law
Nils Gottfries
University of Uppsala
Ola Zetterquist
Gothenburg University
Olle Mårsäter
University of Uppsala
Petter Holm
Front Advokater
Reinhold Fahlbeck
Lund University
Sverker Jönsson
Lund University
Ulf Maunsbach
Lund University
Vilhelm Persson
Lund University
Anonymous Contributors
Eliud Kitime
The Open
Univeristy of Tanzania
Eliud Wandwalo
MUKIKUTE
Emmanuel C. Moshi
University of Dodoma
Eustard Athance Ngatale
Ngatale &
Company Advocates
Gervas E. Yeyeye
The Open
Univeristy of Tanzania
Grace Kamugisha Kazoba
Institute of
Finance Management
Patricia Boshe
The Open
Univeristy of Tanzania
Samuel V. G. Karua
Karua and
Company Advocates
Anonymous Contributors
Anusha Wickramasinghe
Chrishantha Abeysena
University of Kelaniya
Gamini Perera
International Law Chambers
John Wilson
John Wilson Partners
Kandiah Neelakandan
Neelakandan & Neelakandan
Madhawa Lokusooriya
N. Sivarajah
University of Jaffna
Savantha De Saram
D. L. & F. De Saram
Anonymous Contributors
Anne-Marel M. Linger
4 Justice Advocaten
Eloa Fanita van der Hilst
4 Justice Advocaten
Humphrey Richinel
Schurman
Schurman Advocaten
Susil G. R. Khoenkhoen
S.G.R. Khoenkhoen Law Firm
Anonymous Contributors
Anant Akanisthaphichat
Thai Law Firm
Chanvit Tharathep
Thailand Ministry of
Public Health
Chulapong Yukate
ZICOlaw
Jeeranun Klaewkla
Mahidol University
Premprecha Dibbayawan
Jural Law Office
Ugrid Milintangkul
Thailand National Health
Commission
Wonpen Kaewpan
Anonymous Contributors
Afiya B. France
University of the West Indies
Asaf Hosein
Bellina Barrow
Christopher Sieuchand
M.G. Daly & Partners
Gerard Hutchinson
University of the West Indies
Glenn Hamel-Smith
M. Hamel-Smith & Co.
Gregory Pantin
M. Hamel-Smith & Co.
Hasine Shaikh
Regius Chambers
Abdallah Juma
AJM Solicitors and
Advocates Chambers
Anne H. Outwater
Muhimbili University of
Health and Allied Sciences
Asina-Emmy Omari
University of Dar es Salaam
Doreen Fariji Mwamlangala
The Open
Univeristy of Tanzania
Amanda Humell
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Åsa Esbjörnson Carlberg
HP PPS Sverige AB
Bengt Lundell
Lund University
Birgitta Nyström
Lund University
Björn Ohde
Advokataktiebolaget Roslagen
Boel Flodgren
Lund University
Catherine Lions
Umea University
Christer Thordson
Legal Edge
Christian Diesen
Stockholm University
Claes Sandgren
Stockholm University
Göran Millqvist
Stockholm University
Gunilla Lindmark
University of Uppsala
Sri Lanka
Suriname
Thailand
Trinidad & Tobago
Tanzania
Sweden
Contributing Experts | 193
Keri A. Kitson
Linda A. Greene
Penco Courts Law Chambers
Mark Ramkerrysingh
Fitzwilliam, Stone,
Furness-Smith, and Morgan
Martin Anthony George
Martin Anthony George & Co.
Matthew Gayle
University of Birmingham
Michelle T. Ramnarine
Nisha K. Persad
N. K. Persad & Co.
Rishi P. A. Dass
Victoria Chambers
Rose-Marie Belle Antoine
University of the West Indies
Tamara Avita Jackson
Timothy Hamel-Smith
M. Hamel-Smith & Co.
Anonymous Contributors
Eser Tekeli Soylu
Fatih Selim Yurdakul
Yurdakul Law Office
Levent Aydaş
Aydas Liman Kurman
Attorneys at Law
Mahmut Kaçan
MK Law Firm
Murat Volkan Dülger
Dulger Law Office
Nuray Gökçek Karaca
Anadolu University
Onur Demirci
Osman Hayran
Istanbul Medipol University
R. Murat Önok
Koç University;
Turkish Press Council
Sinan Aslan
Aslan Hukuk
Danışmanlık Bürosu
Teoman Akünal
Akunal Law Office
Ufuk Aydin
Anadolu University
Anonymous Contributors
Laura Nyirinkindi
Pro Initiatives Agency
Lilian Keene-Mugerwa
Platform for Labour Action
Monica T. Kirya
Independent Law &
Development Specialist
Mulalira Faisal Umar
Nabukenya,
Mulalira & Co. Advocates
Namusobya Salima
Initiative for Social and
Economic Rights
Nicholas Opiyo
Chapter Four Uganda
Ronald Mutalya
Mutalya & Co. Advocates
Anonymous Contributors
Sergei Konnov
Konnov & Sozanovsky
Sergiy Oberkovych
GOLAW
Taras Tsymbrivskyy
Ukrainian Catholic University
Valentyn Gvozdiy
GOLAW
Valeriia Gudiy
Ilyashev & Partners Law Firm
Yaroslav Ognevyuk
Doubinsky & Osharova
Anonymous Contributors
Abdelwahab Hechiche
University of South Florida
Amel Gorbej
Amine Hamdi
Zaanouni & Associates
Law Firm
Hamza Wajdi
Hamza Wajdi Avocats
Imed Oussaifi
Cabinet Maître Oussaifi
Karim Ben Hamida
Karim Ben Hamida Law Firm
Nadhir Ben Ammou
Radhouane Elaiba
Elaiba & Associés
Ridha Mezghani
R. Mezghani Law Office
Zied Lejmi
Zaanouni & Associates
Law Firm
Anonymous Contributors
Andrey Tarasov
Tarasov & Partners
Andrii Gorbatenko
Legal Alliance Law Company
Gatseliuk Vitalii
Koretsky Institute of
State and Law
Igor Svechkar
Asters Law Firm
Iryna Kalnytska
GOLAW
Iryna Shevchuk
EnGarde Attorneys
at Law, LLC
Ivan Horodyskyy
Ukrainian Catholic University
Karchevskiy Nikolay
Lugansk State University of
Internal Affairs
Lyubomyr Drozdovskyy
Khasin & Drozdovskyy
Barristers Association
Mariia Taras
Ukrainian Catholic University
Rule of Law Center
Markian Malskyy
Arzinger Law Firm
Oleksandr Bodnaruk
Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi
National University
Oleksandr Skliarenko
Skliarenko,
Sydorenko and Partners
Pavlo Lukomskyi
Salkom Law Firm
Scott E. Brown
Frishberg & Partners
Amer Saadeddin
Health Bay Holistic Center
Christopher Williams
Bracewell LLP
Eman Al Amari
Art of Marriage and Family
Therapy Center
Ibrahim Elsadig
Dentons
Mirza R. Baig
Dubai Pharmacy College
Mohammed R. Alsuwaidi
Alsuwaidi and Company
Nazanin Aleyaseen
K & L Gates LLP
Rami Olwan
University of Sharjah
Stuart Paterson
Tarek Nakkach
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Zeyad Jaffal
Al Ain University of
Science and Technology
Anonymous Contributors
Eleanor Kearon
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Fernne Brennan
University of Essex
Georgina Firth
Lancaster University
J. S. Nguyen-Van-Tam
University of Nottingham
James Bell
Slater and Gordon LLP
Jan van Zyl Smit
Bingham Centre for
the Rule of Law
Jill Stavert
Edinburgh Napier University
Julian Cox
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Kiron Reid
University of Liverpool
Lawrence McNamara
Bingham Centre for
the Rule of Law
Lord Woolf
House of Lords
Mark Lubbock
Ashurst LLP
Michael Jefferson
University of Sheffield
School of Law
Nigel Duncan
City Law School
Peter Hungerford-Welch
City, University of London
Peter McTigue
Nottingham Trent University
Richard Ashcroft
Queen Mary University of
London School of Law
Richard W. Whitecross
Edinburgh Napier University
Sara Fovargue
Lancaster University
Law School
Simon Honeyball
University of Exeter
Tony Ward
Northumbria University
Anonymous Contributors
Adam Winchester
Lancaster University
Alan J. Masson W.S.
Anderson Strathern LLP
Amy Holcroft
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Anne Bradshaw
Imperial College
Healthcare NHS Trust
Charlotte Peterson
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Christopher May
Lancaster University
Altan Liman
Aydas Liman Kurman
Attorneys at Law
Berrin Gökçek Yılmaz
Anadolu University
Cagatay Yilmaz
Yilmaz Law Offices
Esenyel Barak Bal
Cailliau & Colakel Law Firm
A. Renee Pobjecky
Pobjecky & Pobjecky, LLP
Alan Houseman
National Equal Justice Library
Augustine Kaheeru
Bahemuka
Kahuma, Khalayi &
Kaheeru Advocates
Birungyi Cephas Kagyenda
Birungyi, Barata & Associates
Brigitte Kusiima
Byarugaba Sendi
Shonubi,
Musoke & Co. Advocates
Busingye Kabumba
Development Law Associates;
Makerere University
School of Law
Charles Kallu Kalumiya
Kampala
Associated Advocates
Diana Prida Praff
Platform for Labour Action
Emmanuel Luyirika
African Palliative
Care Association
Francis Opedun
EVAMOR
International Limited
George Omunyokol
GP Advocates and Solicitors
J. B. Rwakimari
Abt Associates, Inc.
Tunisia
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
Turkey
United States
Uganda
Contributing Experts194 |
Kent Wong
VCI Legal
Kieu Anh Vu
Le Nguyen Law Office
Ngo Huu Nhi
Thien An Law Office
Nguyen Huu Phuoc
Phuoc & Partners Law Firm
Nguyen Thu Hang
VN CONSULT Law Firm
Pham Tri Dung
Hanoi School of Public Health
Pham Van Phat
An Phat Pham Law Firm
Quang Nguyen Nhan
Vo Dinh Duc
P&P Law Firm
Vu Dzung
YKVN
Anonymous Contributors
Anne Namakando-Phiri
University of Zambia
Arthur Mazimba
Fares Florence Phiri
Nodi Trust School
Melvin L. M. Mbao
North-West University
Mulopa Ndalameta
Musa Dudhia & Co.
Naomy Lintini
RayBeam Enterprises
Pamela Sibanda Mumbi
Tiziana Marietta
Sharpe & Howard
Legal Practitioners
Anonymous Contributors
Scott Radnitz
University of Washington
Shukhrat Khudayshukurov
Advokat-Himoya Law Office
Anonymous Contributors
Amalia Laborde
Andrés Fuentes
Arcia Storace Fuentes
Medina Abogados
Beatriz Murguía
Murguía - Aguirre
Camilo Martínez Blanco
Universidad de Montevideo
Enrique Moller Mendez
ALS Global Law & Accounting
Escandor El Ters
Hospital Público, Jefe de
Cirugía Oncológica
Gonzalo Gari
Irureta Goyena
Posadas, Posadas & Vecino
Héctor Ferreira
Hughes & Hughes
Julio Iribarne Pla
Ferrere Abogados
Martín Fridman
Ferrere Abogados
Martín Risso Ferrand
Universidad
Católica del Uruguay
Ricardo Mezzera
Mezzera Abogados
Santiago Pereira Campos
Rueda Abadi Pereira
Anonymous Contributors
Vietnam
Zambia
Uzbekistan
Venezuela
Uruguay
Andrew D. Kaizer
Calhoun & Lawrence, LLP
Arthur Hunter, Jr.
Orleans Parish Criminal
District Court
Barbara J. Fick
University of Notre Dame
Law School
Bruce P. Frohnen
Ohio Northern University
College of Law
Bryan A. Liang
University of California
San Diego - Global Health
Policy Institute
Christopher R. Kelley
University of Arkansas
School of Law
Claudia Rast
Butzel Long
David Birenbaum
Fried Frank
Deborah Klein Walker
Abt Associates
Earl Johnson, Jr.
Western Center on
Law and Poverty
Earl V. Brown Jr.
AFL-CIO Solidarity Center
Elise Groulx Diggs
Doughty Street Chambers
H. David Kelly, Jr.
Beins, Axelrod, P.C.
Ian Gray
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
James H. Pietsch
University of Hawaii
Jason Coates
American Public
Health Association
Jeffrey Aresty
InternetBar.org Institute, Inc.
John Hummel
Deschutes County Oregon
District Attorney
John Pollock
National Coalition for a Civil
Right to Counsel
John R. LaBar
Henry, McCord, Bean, Miller,
Gabriel & LaBar, P.L.L.C.
Ken Scott
Stanford University
Kenneth W. Goodman
University of Miami Miller
School of Medicine
Kepler B. Funk
Funk, Szachacz &
Diamond, LLC
Kevin D. Williams
Berkeley Youth Alternatives
Laurel Bellows
Len Sandler
University of Iowa
College of Law
Leslie L. Davidson
Columbia University Mailman
School of Public Health
Mark Hauswald
University of New Mexico
Mary A. Carnell
John Snow Inc.
Maryellen Reynolds
Attorneys Judicial Mediation
Consulting Team
Matthew Keck
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Michael A. Lodzinski
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Michele Forzley
Forzley & Associates
Patrick Del Duca
Zuber Lawler & Del Duca LLP
Paul Bender
Arizona State University
Peter Edelman
Georgetown University
Law Center
Peter W. Zinober
Greenberg Traurig, PA
Rayford H. Taylor
Gilson Athans PC
Renaldy J. Gutierrez
Gutierrez & Associates
Renee M. Landers
Suffolk University Law School
Reynolds, Johnson, Crouse,
Anderson, Arnld
Attorneys Judicial Military
Consulting Team
Ricks Frazier
Robert Brown
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Robert J. Collins
University of Pennsylvania
Sherman L. Cohn
Georgetown University
Law Center
Sonia Srivastava
Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Stephen A. Saltzburg
The George Washington
University Law School
Thomas Y. Mandler
Hinshaw & Culbertson
Timothy E. Dolan
Policy Foresight
Timothy Mackey
University of California San
Diego - School of Medicine
Vernellia Randall
University of Dayton School
of Law
Anonymous Contributors
Alberto Jurado
ALC Penal
Alexis E. Aguirre S.
ARAQEREYNA
Álvaro Badell Madrid
Badell & Grau
Andreina Peláez Escalante
Badell & Grau
Andres Hernandez Lossada
Andrés L. Halvorssen
Raffalli, de Lemos, Halvorssen,
Ortega y Ortiz Abogados
Antonio Canova
Un Estado de Derecho
Carlos Alberto
Henríquez Salazar
Carlos H. Ramones Noriega
Global Criminal Law Office
Carlos Simón Bello Rengifo
Universidad
Central de Venezuela
Catherina Gallardo
Gallardo Vaudo & Asociados
Fernando M. Fernández
Universidad
Central de Venezuela
Gilberto A. Guerrero-Rocca
Florida International
University College of Law
Gonzalo Himiob Santomé
Foro Penal Venezolano
Jaime Martínez Estévez
Rodner, Martínez & Asociados
Jesus Escudero
Torres, Plaz & Araujo
José Alberto Ramirez
Hoet, Pelaez,
Castillo & Duque
José Manuel Ortega P.
Palacios, Ortega y Asociados
Juan Carlos
Garantón-Blanco
Universidad Católica
Andrés Bello
Juan Carlos Torcat
ONG Orpanac
Juan Korody
Juan M. Raffalli
Raffalli, de Lemos, Halvorssen,
Ortega y Ortiz Abogados
Luis Gonzalo Monteverde
Torres, Plaz & Araujo
Luis Ortiz Alvarez
Manuel A. Gomez
Florida International
University College of Law
Nathalie Emperatriz
González Pérez
Rodriguez & Mendoza
Ramon Jose Medina
Torres, Plaz & Araujo
Ricardo J. Cruz Rincón
Escritorio ChumaceiroGonzález
Rubio
Rosa Virginia Superlano
Anonymous Contributors
Contributing Experts | 195
Andrew Makoni
Mbidzo, Muchadehama &
Makoni Legal Practitioners
Bellinda Chinowawa
Zimbabwe Lawyers for
Human Rights
Brighton Mahuni
Scanlen &
Holderness Solicitors
Casper Pound
Family Aids Support
Organisation
Chido Mashanyare
Dube, Manikai & Hwacha
Legal Practitioners
Godman Chingoma
Dube, Manikai & Hwacha
Legal Practitioners
Isiah Mureriwa
Scanlen &
Holderness Solicitors
John T. Burombo
Maja & Associates
Mordecai Pilate Mahlangu
Gill, Godlonton & Gerrans
Simplicio Bhebhe
Kantor & Immerman
Legal Practitioners
Tawanda Tandi
Kantor & Immerman
Legal Practitioners
Tendai F. Mataba
Wintertons Legal Practitioners
Tinoziva Bere
Bere Brothers
Legal Practitioners
Wadzanai Vudzijena
Coghlan, Welsh &
Guest Legal Practitioners
Zanudeen Makorie
Coghlan, Welsh &
Guest Legal Practitioners
Anonymous Contributors
Zimbabwe
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements198 |
Acknowledgements
The World Justice Project’s Honorary Chairs, Directors, Officers, Staff,
Financial Supporters, and Sponsoring Organizations are listed in the last
section of this report.
Polling companies, research organizations, and contributing experts are listed in
the "Methodology" section of this report.
Mark David Agrast, American Society of International
Law; Jose M. Alonso, World Wide Web Foundation;
Rolf Alter, OECD; Eduardo Barajas, Universidad del Rosario;
Maurits Barendrecht, Tilburg University; Tonu Basu,
Open Government Partnership; Christina Biebesheimer,
The World Bank; Tim Besley, London School of Economics;
Paul Brest, Stanford University; Jose Caballero, IMD
Business School; David Caron, Kings College, London;
Thomas Carothers, Carnegie Endowment; Marcela
Castro, Universidad de los Andes; Peter Chapman, Open
Society Justice Initiative (OSJI); Eduardo Cifuentes,
Universidad de los Andes; Sherman Cohn, Georgetown
University; Christine M. Cole, Crime & Justice Institute;
Mariano-Florentino Cuellar, Stanford University; Helen
Darbishire, Access Info Europe; Nicolas Dassen, InterAmerican
Development Bank; Larry Diamond, Stanford
University; Claudia J. Dumas, Transparency International
USA; Sandra Elena, Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos
Humanos; Brad Epperly, University of South Carolina; Julio
Faundez, Warwick University; Hazel Feigenblatt, Global
Integrity; Todd Foglesong, Munk School of Global Affairs
at the University of Toronto; Tom Ginsburg, University
of Chicago; Joseph Foti, Open Government Partnership;
James Goldston, Open Society Justice Initiative (OSJI);
Jorge Gonzalez, Universidad Javeriana; Alejandro GonzalezArriola,
Open Government Partnership; Jon Gould,
American University; Martin Gramatikov, HiiL; Brendan
Halloran, Transparency and Accountability Initiative; Linn
Hammergren; Tim Hanstad, Landesa; Wassim Harb,
Arab Center for the Development of Rule of Law and
Integrity; Nathaniel Heller, Open Government Partnership;
Vanessa Herringshaw, Transparency and Accountability
Initiative; Susan Hirsch, George Mason University;
Ronald Janse, University of Amsterdam Law School;
Erik G. Jensen, Stanford University; Haroon Khadim, PAE;
Rachel Kleinfeld, Carnegie Endowment; Jack Knight, Duke
University; Harold H. Koh, Yale University; Margaret Levi,
Stanford University; Iris Litt, Stanford University; Clare
Lockhart, The Institute for State Effectiveness; Zsuzsanna
Lonti, OECD; Diego Lopez, Universidad de los Andes;
William T. Loris, Loyola University; Lauren E. Loveland,
National Democratic Institute (NDI); Paul Maassen, Open
Government Partnership; Beatriz Magaloni, Stanford
University; Jenny S. Martinez, Stanford University; Toby
McIntosh, FreedomInfo.org; Toby Mendel, Centre for
Law and Democracy; Nicholas Menzies, The World Bank;
Ghada Moussa, Cairo University; Sam Muller, HiiL; Robert
L. Nelson, American Bar Foundation and Northwestern
University; Alfonsina Peñaloza, Hewlett Foundation; Harris
Pastides, University of South Carolina; Randal Peerenboom,
La Trobe University and Oxford University; Angela Pinzon,
Universidad del Rosario; Shannon Portillo, George Mason
University; Michael H. Posner, New York University;
Roy L. Prosterman, University of Washington; Anita
Ramasastry, University of Washington; Mor Rubinstein,
Open Knowledge Foundation; Angela Ruiz, Universidad
del Rosario; Audrey Sacks, The World Bank; Lutforahman
Saeed, Kabul University; Michaela Saisana, EU-JRC; Andrea
Saltelli, EU-JRC; Moises Sanchez, Alianza Regional por la
Libertad de Expresion; Andrei Shleifer, Harvard University;
Jorge Luis Silva, The World Bank; Gordon Smith, University
of South Carolina; Christopher Stone, Open Society
Foundations; Rene Uruena, Universidad de los Andes;
Stefan Voigt, University of Hamburg; Barry Weingast,
Stanford University; Michael Woolcock, The World Bank.
Roland Abeng; Lukman Abdul-Rahim; Mame Adjei; Priya
Agarwal-Harding; Mariam Ahmed; Lina Alameddine;
Sarah Alexander; Erica Jaye Ames; Rose Karikari Anang;
Evelyn Ankumah; Jassim Alshamsi; Ekaterina Baksanova;
Academic Advisors
Acknowledgements | 199
Hamud M. Balfas; Laila El Baradei; Sophie Barral; April
Baskin; Ivan Batishchev; Rachael Beitler; Laurel Bellows;
Ayzada Bengel; Dounia Bennani; Clever Bere; Rindala
Beydoun; Karan K. Bhatia; Eric C. Black; Cherie Blair;
Rob Boone; Juan Manuel Botero; Oussama Bouchebti;
Raúl Izurieta Mora Bowen; Ariel Braunstein; Kathleen
A. Bresnahan; Michael Brown; Susanna Brown; William
R. Brownfield; David Bruscino; Carolina Cabrera; Ted
Carrol; Javier Castro De León; John Catalfamo; Fahima
Charaffeddine; David Cheyette; Nabiha Chowdhury; Jose
Cochingyan, III; Kate Coffey; Sonkita Conteh; Barbara
Cooperman; Hans Corell; Adriana Cosgriff; Ana Victoria
Cruz; Alexander E. Davis; Beth Davis; Bryce de Flamand;
James P. DeHart; Brackett B. Denniston, III; Russell C.
Deyo; Surya Dhungel; Adama Dieng; Andrew Domingoes;
Killian Dorier; Alyssa Dougherty; Sandra Elena; Roger El
Khoury; Sanal Enkhbaatar; Adele Ewan; Fatima Fettar;
Steve Fisher; Eric Florenz; Abderrahim Foukara; Kristina
Fridman; Morly Frishman; Viorel Furdui; Minoru Furuyama;
William H. Gates, Sr.; Anna Gardner; Dorothy Garcia;
Sophie Gebreselassie; Dwight Gee; Sujith George; Adam
Gerstenmier; Jacqueline Gichinga; Suzanne E. Gilbert; Brian
Gitau; Travis Glynn; Arturo Gomez; Nengak Daniel Gondyi;
Lindsey Graham; Deweh Gray; Michael S. Greco; Elise
Groulx; Paula F. Guevara; Heena Gupta; Arkady Gutnikov;
Karen Hall; Margaret Halpin; Kunio Hamada; Leila Hanafi;
Sana Hawamdeh; Kate Helms; Alvaro Herrero; Sheila
Hollis; Michael Holston; R. William Ide, III; Murtaza Jaffer;
Chelsea Jaeztold; Hassan Bubacar Jallow; Sunil Kumar Joshi;
Marie-Therese Julita; Megan Kabre; Jessica Kane; Rashvin
Kaur; Anne Kelley; Howard Kenison; Junaid Khalid; Elsa
Khwaja; Se Hwan Kim; Stuti Kokkalera; Laurie Kontopidis;
Simeon Koroma; Steven H. Kraft; Larry D. Kramer; Jack
Krumholtz; Lianne Labossiere; Samantha Liberman; Joanna
Lim; Deborah Lindholm; Hongxia Liu; Annie Livingston;
Jeanne L. Long; Clarissa Lopez-Diarte; Stephen Lurie; Biola
Macaulay; Ahna B. Machan; Maha Mahmoud; Biawakant
Mainali; Andrew Makoni; Dijana Malbaša; Frank Mantero;
Madison Marks; Roger Martella; Vivek Maru; John Mason;
Elisa Massimino; Hiroshi Matsuo; Michael Maya; Bethany
McGann; Matthew Mead; Sindi Medar-Gould; Nathan
Menon; Ellen Mignoni; Aisha Minhas; Claros Morean; Liliana
Moreno; Junichi Morioka; Carrie Moore; Katrina Moore;
Marion Muller; Xavier Muller; Jenny Murphy; Rose Murray;
Norhayati Mustapha; Reinford Mwangonde; Doreen
Ndishabandi; Ilija Nedelkoski; Layda Negrete; Patricia van
Nispen; Daniel Nitu; Elida Nogoibaeva; Victoria Norelid;
Justin Nyekan; Sean O’Brien; Peggy Ochanderena; Bolaji
Olaniran; Joy Olson; Mohamed Olwan; Gustavo Alanis
Ortega; Bolaji Owasanoye; Kedar Patel; Angeles Melano
Paz; Karina Pena; Valentina Pérez Botero;
Ronen Plechnin; Kamal Pokhrel; John Pollock; Cynthia
Powell; Nathalie Rakotomalia; Javier Ramirez; Eduardo
Ramos-Gómez; Daniela Rampani; Richard Randerson;
Claudia Rast; Yahya Rayegani; Nick Rehmus; Adrian F.
Revilla; Ludmila Mendonça; Lopes Ribeiro; Kelly Roberts;
Nigel H. Roberts; Amir Ron; Maria Rosales; Liz Ross; Steve
Ross; Patricia Ruiz de Vergara; Irma Russell; Bruce Sewell;
Humberto Prado Sifontes; Uli Parmlian Sihombing; Hajrija
Sijerčić-Čolić; William Sinnott; Lumba Siyanga; Brad Smith;
Leslie Solís; Joshua Steele; Lourdes Stein; Thomas M.
Susman; Elizabeth Thomas-Hope; Jinni Tran; Laurence
Tribe; Christina Vachon; Robert Varenik; Jessica Villegas;
Maria Vinot; Raymond Webster; Robin Weiss; Dorothee
Wildt; Jennifer Wilmore; Jason Wilks; Malin Winbom;
Russom Woldezghi; Stephen Zack; Keyvan Zamani; Jorge
Zapp-Glauser; Roula Zayat; Fanny Zhao.
Altus Global Alliance; APCO Worldwide; FleishmanHillard;
The Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral
Sciences, Stanford University; The Center on Democracy,
Development, and the Rule of Law, Stanford University;
The German Bar Association in Brussels; Governance
Data Alliance; Google Inc.; The Hague Institute for the
Internationalisation of Law (HiiL); The Legal Department
of Hewlett-Packard Limited; The Legal Department of
Microsoft Corporation; The Whitney and Betty MacMillan
Center for International and Area Studies, Yale University;
Rule of Law Collaborative, University of South Carolina; The
University of Chicago Law School; Vera Institute of Justice.
About the World Justice Project
About the World Justice Project202 |
About the World Justice Project
The World Justice Project® (WJP) is an independent, multidisciplinary
organization working to advance the rule of law around the world.
The World Justice Project (WJP) engages citizens and
leaders from across the globe and from multiple work
disciplines to advance the rule of law. Our work is founded
on two premises: 1) the rule of law is the foundation
of communities of peace, opportunity, and equity, and
2) multidisciplinary collaboration is the most effective way
to advance the rule of law. Based on this, WJP’s mutuallyreinforcing
lines of business employ a multidisciplinary,
multi-layered approach through original research
and data, an active and global network, and practical,
on-the-ground programs to advance the rule of law.
Effective rule of law reduces corruption, combats
poverty and disease, and protects people from injustices
large and small. It is the foundation for communities
of peace, opportunity, and equity—underpinning
development, accountable government, and respect
for fundamental rights.
Founded by William H. Neukom in 2006 as a presidential
initiative of the American Bar Association (ABA), and
with the initial support of 21 other strategic partners, the
World Justice Project transitioned into an independent
501(c)(3) non-profit organization in 2009. Its offices
are located in Washington, DC, and Seattle, WA, USA.
Research and Scholarship
The WJP’s Research & Scholarship work supports research
about the meaning and measurement of the rule of law,
and how it matters for economic, socio-political, and human
development. The Rule of Law Research Consortium (RLRC)
is a community of leading scholars from a variety of fields
harnessing diverse methods and approaches to produce
research on the rule of law and its effects on society.
WJP Rule of Law Index®
The WJP Rule of Law Index provides original, impartial
data on how the rule of law is experienced in everyday life
in 113 countries around the globe. It is the most
comprehensive index of its kind. To date, more than
270,000 citizens and experts have been interviewed
worldwide. Index findings have been referenced
by heads of state, chief justices, business leaders, public
officials, and the press, including media outlets in over
125 countries worldwide.
Engagement
Engagement efforts include connecting and developing a
global network, organizing strategic convenings, and
fostering practical, on-the-ground programs. At our biennial
World Justice Forum, regional conferences, and singlecountry
engagements, citizens and leaders come together
to learn about the rule of law, build their networks, and
design pragmatic solutions to local rule of law challenges.
In addition, the World Justice Challenge provides seed
grants to support practical, on-the-ground programs
addressing discrimination, corruption, violence, and more.
Our Approach
About the World Justice Project | 203
Foundations: Allen & Overy Foundation; Bill & Melinda
Gates Foundation; Carnegie Corporation of New York;
Chase Family Philanthropic Fund; The Edward John
and Patricia Rosenwald Foundation; Ewing Marion
Kauffman Foundation; Ford Foundation; GE Foundation;
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Endowment
for Democracy; Neukom Family Foundation; North Ridge
Foundation; Oak Foundation; Pinnacle Gardens Foundation;
Salesforce Foundation; The Stanley S. Langendorf
Foundation Judson Family Fund at The Seattle Foundation;
The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.
Corporations: AmazonSmile; Anonymous, Apple, Inc.;
The Boeing Company; E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Company;
Google, Inc.; General Electric Company; Hewlett-Packard
Company; Intel Corporation; Invest In Law Ltd;
Johnson & Johnson; LexisNexis; McKinsey & Company,
Inc.; Merck & Co., Inc.; Microsoft Corporation; Nike, Inc.;
PepsiCo; Texas Instruments, Inc.; Viacom International, Inc.;
WalMart Stores, Inc.
Law Firms: Allen & Overy LLP; Boies, Schiller & Flexner,
LLP; Cochingyan & Peralta Law Offices; Drinker Biddle &
Reath LLP; Fulbright & Jaworski; Garrigues LLP;
Gómez-Acebo & Pombo; Haynes and Boone, LLP; Holland
& Knight LLP; Hunton & Williams; K&L Gates; Mason,
Hayes+Curran; Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP;
Roca Junyent; Sullivan & Cromwell LLP; SyCip Salazar
Hernandez & Gatmaitan; Troutman Sanders LLP; Turner
Freeman Lawyers; Uría Menéndez; White & Case LLP;
Winston & Strawn LLP.
Governments: Irish Aid; Singapore Ministry of Law;
U.S. Department of State.
Professional Firms and Trade Associations: American
Bar Association (ABA); ABA Section of Administrative Law
and Regulatory Practice; ABA Section of Antitrust Law;
ABA Business Law Section; ABA Criminal Justice Section;
ABA Section of Dispute Resolution; ABA Section of
Environment, Energy, and Resources;
The World Justice Project has the support of
outstanding leaders representing a range of disciplines
around the world. The Honorary Chairs of the
World Justice Project are:
Madeleine Albright; Giuliano Amato; Robert Badinter; James
A. Baker III; Cherie Blair; Stephen G. Breyer; Sharan Burrow;
David Byrne; Jimmy Carter; Maria Livanos Cattaui; Arthur
Chaskalson;* Hans Corell; Hilario G. Davide, Jr.; Hernando
de Soto; Adama Dieng; William H. Gates, Sr.; Ruth Bader
Ginsburg; Richard J. Goldstone; Kunio Hamada; Lee H.
Hamilton; Mohamed Ibrahim; Hassan Bubacar Jallow;
Tassaduq Hussain Jillani; Anthony M. Kennedy; Beverley
McLachlin; George J. Mitchell; John Edwin Mroz;* Indra
Nooyi; Sandra Day O’Connor; Ana Palacio; Colin L. Powell;
Roy L. Prosterman; Richard W. Riley; Mary Robinson;
Petar Stoyanov; Richard Trumka; Desmond Tutu; Antonio
Vitorino; Paul A. Volcker; Harold Woolf; Andrew Young;
Zhelyu Zhelev.*
Sarah Chamness Long; Debby Manley; Joel Martinez;
Nikki Ngbichi-Moore; Afua Ofosu-Barko; Christine Pratt;
Gerard Vinluan; Nancy Ward; Hunter Zachwieja.
William C. Hubbard, Chairman of the Board; William H.
Neukom, Founder and CEO; Deborah Enix-Ross, Vice
President; James R. Silkenat, Director and Vice President;
Lawrence B. Bailey, Treasurer; Gerold W. Libby, General
Counsel and Secretary.
Staff: Juan Carlos Botero, Executive Director; Alejandro
Ponce, Chief Research Officer; Rebecca Billings; Josiah Byers;
Alicia Evangelides; Radha Friedman; Amy Gryskiewicz;
Camilo Gutiérrez Patiño; Matthew Harman;
Roberto Hernández; Clara Jiang; Jeremy Levine-Drizin;
Sheikha Abdulla Al-Misnad; Emil Constantinescu; William
C. Hubbard; Suet-Fern Lee; Mondli Makhanya; William H.
Neukom; Ellen Grace Northfleet; James R. Silkenat.
President Dr. Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai
Honorary Chairs
Financial Supporters
Officers and Staff
Board of Directors
Directors Emeritus
* Deceased
About the World Justice Project204 |
ABA Health Law Section; ABA Section of Individual Rights
& Responsibilities; ABA Section of Intellectual Property
Law; ABA Section of International Law; ABA Judicial
Division; ABA Section of Labor and Employment Law;
ABA Section of Litigation; ABA Section of Real Property,
Trust and Estate Law; ABA Section of State and Local
Government Law; ABA Section of Taxation; Major,
Lindsey & Africa; Union of Turkish Bar Associations;
United States Chamber of Commerce & Related Entities;
Welsh, Carson, Andersen & Stowe.
Institutions: Eastminister Presbyterian Church;
Society of the Cincinnati.
Individual Donors: Mark Agrast; Randy J. Aliment;
H. William Allen; William and Kay Allen; David and Helen
Andrews; Anonymous; Keith A. Ashmus; Kirk Baert;
Robert Badinter; Lawrence B. Bailey; Martha Barnett;
Richard R. Barnett, Sr.; Jonathan Barstow; April Baskin;
David Billings; Juan Carlos Botero; Pamela A. Bresnahan;
Toby Bright; Colin Brooks; Jack Brooms; Richard D.
Catenacci; Maren Christensen; Valerie Colb; Lee and Joy
Cooper; Russell C. Deyo; Sandra Disner; Mark S. Ellis;
Deborah Enix-Ross; Matthew and Valerie Evans; William
and Janet Falsgraf; Jonathan Fine; Malcolm Fleming;
William Forney; Steven Fredman; Phillip Galgiani;
Suzanne Gilbert; Tom Ginsberg; Jamie S. Gorelick; Lynn T.
Gunnoe; Margaret Halpin; Harry Hardin; Joshua
Harkins-Finn; Norman E. Harned; Albert C. Harvey; Judith
Hatcher; Thomas Z. Hayward, Jr.; Benjamin H. Hill, III;
|Claire Suzanne Holland; Kathleen Hopkins; Avery Horne;
R. Thomas Howell, Jr.; William C. and Kappy Hubbard;
R. William Ide; Marina Jacks; Patricia Jarman; Elias Jonsson;
George E. Kapke; Peter E. Halle and Carolyn Lamm; Suet
Fern Lee; Myron and Renee Leskiw; Margaret Levi; Gerold
Libby; Paul M. Liebenson; Iris Litt; Hongxia Liu; Roderick
and Karla Mathews; Lucile and Gerald McCarthy; Sandy
McDade; Brian McDonald; M. Margaret McKeown; James
Michel; Leslie Miller; William R. Moller; Liliana Moreno;
Nelson Murphy; Justin Nelson; Robert Nelson; William
H. Neukom; Jitesh Parikh; Scott Partridge; J. Anthony
Patterson Jr.; Lucian T. Pera; Maury and Lorraine Poscover;
David Price; Llewelyn G. Pritchard; Michael Reed; Joan and
Wm. T Robinson III; Daniel Rockmore; Rachel Rose; Robert
Sampson; Erik A. Schilbred; Judy Schulze; James R. Silkenat;
Rhonda Singer; Thomas Smegal; Ann and Ted Swett;
Joan Phillips Timbers; Kathleen Vermillion; Nancy Ward;
H. Thomas Wells; Dwight Gee and Barbara Wright.
American Bar Association; American Public Health
Association; American Society of Civil Engineers;
Arab Center for the Development of the Rule of Law
and Integrity; Avocats Sans Frontières; Canadian Bar
Association; Club of Madrid; Hague Institute for the
Internationalisation of Law; Human Rights First; Human
Rights Watch; Inter-American Bar Association; International
Bar Association; International Chamber of Commerce;
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis;
International Organization of Employers; International
Trade Union Confederation; Inter-Pacific Bar Association;
Karamah: Muslim Women Lawyers for Human Rights;
Landesa; NAFSA: Association of International Educators;
Norwegian Bar Association; People to People International;
Transparency International USA; Union Internationale des
Avocats; Union of Turkish Bar Associations; U.S. Chamber
of Commerce; The World Council of Religious Leaders;
World Federation of Engineering Organisations; World
Federation of Public Health Associations.
Strategic Partners
“Laws of justice which Hammurabi, the wise king,
established… That the strong might not injure the weak,
in order to protect the widows and orphans..., in order
to declare justice in the land, to settle all disputes,
and heal all injuries.”
-Codex Hammurabi
“I could adjudicate lawsuits as well as anyone. But I would
prefer to make lawsuits unnecessary.”
-Analects of Confucius
“It is more proper that law should govern than any one
of the citizens.”
- Aristotle, Politics (350 BCE)
“If someone disobeys the law, even if he is (otherwise)
worthy, he must be punished. If someone meets the
standard, even if he is (otherwise) unworthy, he must be
found innocent. Thus the Way of the public good will be
opened up, and that of private interest will be blocked.”
- The Huainanzi 139 BCE (Han Dynasty, China)
“We are all servants of the laws in order that we
may be free.”
- Cicero (106 BCE - 43 BCE)
“The Law of Nations, however, is common to the entire
human race, for all nations have established for
themselves certain regulations exacted by custom
and human necessity.”
-Corpus Juris Civilis
“Treat the people equally in your court and give them
equal attention, so that the noble shall not aspire
to your partiality, nor the humble despair of your justice.”
-Judicial Guidelines from ‘Umar Bin Al-Khattab, The
Second Khalifa of Islam’
“No freeman is to be taken or imprisoned or disseised of
his free tenement or of his liberties or free customs,
or outlawed or exiled or in any way ruined, nor will we
go against such a man or send against him save by lawful
judgement of his peers or by the law of the land. To
no-one will we sell or deny or delay right or justice.”
-Magna Carta
“Where-ever law ends, tyranny begins.”
- John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (1689)
“Good civil laws are the greatest good that men can give
and receive. They are the source of morals, the palladium of
property, and the guarantee of all public and private
peace. If they are not the foundation of government, they
are its supports; they moderate power and help ensure
respect for it, as though power were justice itself.”
-Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis. Discours Préliminaire du
Premier Projet de Code Civil
“All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and
rights… Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms
set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any
kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political
or other opinion, national or social origin, property,
birth or other status.”
-Universal Declaration of Human Rights