The Ph.D. thesis is focused on three problems related to deep brain stimulation (DBS). The first topic is the anatomo – electrophysiological correlation in bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation, or the relationship of the target structure determined using neuroradiological techniques compared with the results of intraoperative electrophysiology. The second topic is the incidence and potential risk factor of early postoperative mental changes after bilateral STN electrodes implantation. The third study aim is the experimental study of the anterior thalamic nucleus (ATN) electrode implanted in patients with refractory epilepsy related to vascular structures.