Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
nezadouci ucinky lecby, informacni letaky. education, educations aktivity of nurses, edukace, edukace pacientek, lecba karcinomu prsu, edukacni cinnost sester, averse events of treatment, informative pamflet, karcinom prsu, breast carcinoma, breast cancer therapy, education of patientKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
551.
Veselý, Josef
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Dopady ústavní výchovy na psychiku jedince se syptomy ADHD | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Dopady ústavní výchovy na psychiku jedince se syptomy ADHD | Theses on a related topic
552.
Videnská, Magda
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education (combination/specialization: Logopedy)
Master's thesis defence: Alternativy logopedické intervence u žáků s narušenou komunikační schopností v běžné třídě základní školy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education (combination/specialization: Logopedy)
Master's thesis defence: Alternativy logopedické intervence u žáků s narušenou komunikační schopností v běžné třídě základní školy | Theses on a related topic
553.
Vilímek, Roman
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Teacher Training of Specialized Subjects for Secondary Schools – Specialisation Commerce and Services
Master's thesis defence: Využití základních služeb internetu v edukačním procesu učiteli středních škol | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Teacher Training of Specialized Subjects for Secondary Schools – Specialisation Commerce and Services
Master's thesis defence: Využití základních služeb internetu v edukačním procesu učiteli středních škol | Theses on a related topic
554.
Vincourová, Simona
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Paramedic practice / Paramedic practice
Bachelor's thesis defence: Edukační činnost studentů Zdravotnického záchranářství na Lékařské fakultě | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Paramedic practice / Paramedic practice
Bachelor's thesis defence: Edukační činnost studentů Zdravotnického záchranářství na Lékařské fakultě | Theses on a related topic
555.
Viznerová, Ludmila
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Integrovaný žák na základní škole praktické | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Integrovaný žák na základní škole praktické | Theses on a related topic
556.
Vlachová, Lucie maiden name: Slezáčková
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Midwifery / Midwife
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv močové inkontinence na kvalitu života žen | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Midwifery / Midwife
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv močové inkontinence na kvalitu života žen | Theses on a related topic
557.
Vlčková, Jana
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Teacher Education - Vocational Training
Bachelor's thesis defence: Osvojování pracovních dovedností u jedince s kombinovaným postižením | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Teacher Education - Vocational Training
Bachelor's thesis defence: Osvojování pracovních dovedností u jedince s kombinovaným postižením | Theses on a related topic
558.
Vobůrková, Michaela
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Estetic Education
Master's thesis defence: Muzeum Vysočiny Třebíč se zaměřením na vzdělávací programy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Estetic Education
Master's thesis defence: Muzeum Vysočiny Třebíč se zaměřením na vzdělávací programy | Theses on a related topic
559.
Vojáčková, Lenka
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Nursing / General Nurse
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv edukace na vývoj nemoci Diabetes mellitus | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Nursing / General Nurse
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv edukace na vývoj nemoci Diabetes mellitus | Theses on a related topic
560.
Vojancová, Jiřina maiden name: Konečná
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Intensive Care / Intensive Care
Master's thesis defence: Komplexní ošetřovatelská péče o pacienta s akutní pankreatitidou | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Intensive Care / Intensive Care
Master's thesis defence: Komplexní ošetřovatelská péče o pacienta s akutní pankreatitidou | Theses on a related topic
561.
Vojtíšková, Ľubica
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Education / Education
Master's thesis defence: Motivace učitelů k využívání edukačních programů kulturních institucí. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Education / Education
Master's thesis defence: Motivace učitelů k využívání edukačních programů kulturních institucí. | Theses on a related topic
562.
Vokurková, Vladimíra maiden name: Pavlíčková
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Teacher Education - Vocational Training
Bachelor's thesis defence: Uplatňování nových přístupů při výuce praktického vyučování. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Teacher Education - Vocational Training
Bachelor's thesis defence: Uplatňování nových přístupů při výuce praktického vyučování. | Theses on a related topic
563.
Volková, Markéta
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Specifika v edukaci žáka s Aspergerovým syndromem na běžné mateřské škole | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Specifika v edukaci žáka s Aspergerovým syndromem na běžné mateřské škole | Theses on a related topic
564.
Vondrušková, Iveta
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vývoj jedince s kombinovaným postižením | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vývoj jedince s kombinovaným postižením | Theses on a related topic
565.
Vostrčilová, Jana
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Bazální stimulace jako vzdělávací metoda v Rehabilitační třídě | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Bazální stimulace jako vzdělávací metoda v Rehabilitační třídě | Theses on a related topic
566.
Vostrčilová, Jana
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education for Teachers
Master's thesis defence: Rozvoj alternativní komunikace u žáků s poruchou autistického spektra | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education for Teachers
Master's thesis defence: Rozvoj alternativní komunikace u žáků s poruchou autistického spektra | Theses on a related topic
567.
Vránová, Miroslava maiden name: Janíčková
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Integrace žáků s lehkým mentálním postižením v běžné základní škole a rozvoj jejich komunikačních schopností | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Integrace žáků s lehkým mentálním postižením v běžné základní škole a rozvoj jejich komunikačních schopností | Theses on a related topic
568.
Vymazalová, Milada
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary and Lower Secondary Schools / Special Education for Teachers
Master's thesis defence: Integrace žáků se speciálními vzdělávacími potřebami na základní škole | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary and Lower Secondary Schools / Special Education for Teachers
Master's thesis defence: Integrace žáků se speciálními vzdělávacími potřebami na základní škole | Theses on a related topic
569.
Vymětalová, Lenka
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Možnosti nápravy dyslexie a dysortografie na běžné ZŠ | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Možnosti nápravy dyslexie a dysortografie na běžné ZŠ | Theses on a related topic
570.
Vymětalová, Lenka
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education for Teachers
Master's thesis defence: Specifické poruchy učení a chování a jejich vliv na neúspěšnost ve škole, v rodině a kolektivu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education for Teachers
Master's thesis defence: Specifické poruchy učení a chování a jejich vliv na neúspěšnost ve škole, v rodině a kolektivu | Theses on a related topic
571.
Vysloužil, Miloš
Faculty: Faculty of Sports Studies
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Physical Education and Sport / Applied Sport Education of Security Bodies
Master's thesis defence: Současný stav výuky úpolů v povinné školní tělesné výchově v okrese Kutná Hora | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Sports Studies
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Physical Education and Sport / Applied Sport Education of Security Bodies
Master's thesis defence: Současný stav výuky úpolů v povinné školní tělesné výchově v okrese Kutná Hora | Theses on a related topic
572.
Vyziblová, Simona
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education for Education / Health Education, Special Education for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Specifika v edukaci žáka s Aspergerovým syndromem na běžné mateřské škole | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education for Education / Health Education, Special Education for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Specifika v edukaci žáka s Aspergerovým syndromem na běžné mateřské škole | Theses on a related topic
573.
Willmannová, Hana
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Mozková obrna versus Cockayne syndrome | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Mozková obrna versus Cockayne syndrome | Theses on a related topic
574.
Wolná, Marcela
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Master's thesis defence: Srovnání výchovně vzdělávacích postupů u jedince s mentální retardací a mentálně postiženého jedince s autistickými rysy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Master's thesis defence: Srovnání výchovně vzdělávacích postupů u jedince s mentální retardací a mentálně postiženého jedince s autistickými rysy | Theses on a related topic
575.
Zálešáková, Gabriela
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specializations in Health Science / Dental Hygienist
Bachelor's thesis defence: Edukační činnost dentální hygienistky na školách pro zrakově postižené | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specializations in Health Science / Dental Hygienist
Bachelor's thesis defence: Edukační činnost dentální hygienistky na školách pro zrakově postižené | Theses on a related topic
576.
Zamazalová, Lucie
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Gallery Education and Arts Facilitation, Secondary School Teacher Training in Arts
Master's thesis defence: (Per aspera) Ad astra nebo muzeum, tvorba edukačních programů v prostorách zámku Kuřim | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Gallery Education and Arts Facilitation, Secondary School Teacher Training in Arts
Master's thesis defence: (Per aspera) Ad astra nebo muzeum, tvorba edukačních programů v prostorách zámku Kuřim | Theses on a related topic
577.
Zámečníková, Marcela
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Problematika výchovy dítěte s poruchou chování v dětském domově | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Problematika výchovy dítěte s poruchou chování v dětském domově | Theses on a related topic
578.
Zapletalová, Markéta
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education for Teachers
Master's thesis defence: Edukace žáků s těžkým a kombinovaným postižením | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education for Teachers
Master's thesis defence: Edukace žáků s těžkým a kombinovaným postižením | Theses on a related topic
579.
Záškoda, Michal
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Chemistry / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Biology, Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Chemistry
Master's thesis defence: Zpracování výukového materiálu z imunologie pro střední a vyšší odborné školy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Chemistry / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Biology, Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Chemistry
Master's thesis defence: Zpracování výukového materiálu z imunologie pro střední a vyšší odborné školy | Theses on a related topic
580.
Zatloukal, Hynek
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education for Teachers
Master's thesis defence: Etopedická dimenze edukačního procesu u ohrožených dětí | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education for Teachers
Master's thesis defence: Etopedická dimenze edukačního procesu u ohrožených dětí | Theses on a related topic
581.
Závacká, Katarína
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Social Education Teacher Training
Bachelor's thesis defence: Aspekty integrace mentálně postižených jedinců na základní školu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Social Education Teacher Training
Bachelor's thesis defence: Aspekty integrace mentálně postižených jedinců na základní školu | Theses on a related topic
582.
Zemánková, Drahomíra
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education for Teachers
Master's thesis defence: Integrace žáka s mentálním postižením do základní školy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education for Teachers
Master's thesis defence: Integrace žáka s mentálním postižením do základní školy | Theses on a related topic
583.
Zemanová, Barbara
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Výtvarný projev jedinců s poruchou autistického spektra | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Výtvarný projev jedinců s poruchou autistického spektra | Theses on a related topic
584.
Zezulová, Hana
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Secondary School Teacher Training in Czech Language, Secondary School Teacher Training in Music
Master's thesis defence: Playback divadlo v edukačním procesu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Secondary School Teacher Training in Czech Language, Secondary School Teacher Training in Music
Master's thesis defence: Playback divadlo v edukačním procesu | Theses on a related topic
585.
Zlatníková, Martina
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Kvalita života jedince s poruchou chování | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Kvalita života jedince s poruchou chování | Theses on a related topic
586.
Zmrzlík, Vojtěch
Faculty: Faculty of Sports Studies
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Applied Sports Education of Security Bodies / Applied Sport Education of Security Bodies
Master's thesis defence: Současný stav výuky úpolů na základních školách v Jihomoravském kraji | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Sports Studies
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Applied Sports Education of Security Bodies / Applied Sport Education of Security Bodies
Master's thesis defence: Současný stav výuky úpolů na základních školách v Jihomoravském kraji | Theses on a related topic
587.
Žáčková, Adéla
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Edukace jedinců se souběžným postižením více vadami ve školských zařízeních | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Edukace jedinců se souběžným postižením více vadami ve školských zařízeních | Theses on a related topic
588.
Žalud, Petr
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza edukační cesty jedinců ve výkonu trestu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza edukační cesty jedinců ve výkonu trestu | Theses on a related topic
589.
Ždánská, Magdalena
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Problematika zneužívání návykových látek u žáků Výchovného ústavu Střílky | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Problematika zneužívání návykových látek u žáků Výchovného ústavu Střílky | Theses on a related topic
590.
Ždánská, Stanislava
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Nursing / General Nurse
Bachelor's thesis defence: Astmatický pacient a význam edukace | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Nursing / General Nurse
Bachelor's thesis defence: Astmatický pacient a význam edukace | Theses on a related topic
591.
Židková, Helena
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Master's thesis defence: Specifika edukace dětí se zrakovým postižením se zaměřením na sociální a personální kompetence | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education
Master's thesis defence: Specifika edukace dětí se zrakovým postižením se zaměřením na sociální a personální kompetence | Theses on a related topic
592.
Žoudlíková, Lucie
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education for Teachers
Master's thesis defence: Integrace žáka s autismem do základní školy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Special Education / Special Education for Teachers
Master's thesis defence: Integrace žáka s autismem do základní školy | Theses on a related topic
593.
Župková, Marcela
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Biochemistry / Biochemistry
Bachelor's thesis defence: Buněčná a molekulární podstata metastazování | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Biochemistry / Biochemistry
Bachelor's thesis defence: Buněčná a molekulární podstata metastazování | Theses on a related topic