Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
narodni muzeum fotografie, depozitar, muzeum jindrichohradecka, fotografie, fotograficky fondKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
301.
Tomešková, Lucie
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Applied Mathematics / Mathematics - Economics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza a komparace výkonnosti fondů kolektivního investování v České republice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Applied Mathematics / Mathematics - Economics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza a komparace výkonnosti fondů kolektivního investování v České republice | Theses on a related topic
302.
Trávníčková, Hana
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Arts Education, Visual Arts
Master's thesis defence: Alenka v říší snů-ilustrace | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Arts Education, Visual Arts
Master's thesis defence: Alenka v říší snů-ilustrace | Theses on a related topic
303.
Trčková, Helena
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Combined Art Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Fotografie a film v díle Dalibora Chatrného | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Combined Art Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Fotografie a film v díle Dalibora Chatrného | Theses on a related topic
304.
Trčková, Lenka
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Arts and Visual Arts for Education / Arts and Visual Arts for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Latence | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Arts and Visual Arts for Education / Arts and Visual Arts for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Latence | Theses on a related topic
305.
Trnková, Petra
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ph.D.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Theory and History of Arts
Doctoral thesis defence: Technický obraz na malířských štaflích. (Česko-němečtí fotoamatéři a umělecká fotografie, 1890-1914). | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ph.D.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Theory and History of Arts
Doctoral thesis defence: Technický obraz na malířských štaflích. (Česko-němečtí fotoamatéři a umělecká fotografie, 1890-1914). | Theses on a related topic
306.
Tunkrová, Žaneta
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary and Lower Secondary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Arts, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Technology and IT Education
Master's thesis defence: Krajina v proměnách bezčasí | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary and Lower Secondary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Arts, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Technology and IT Education
Master's thesis defence: Krajina v proměnách bezčasí | Theses on a related topic
307.
Umová, Kateřina
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / Scandinavian Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Módní fotografie v současné Skandinávii | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Módní fotografie v současné Skandinávii | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / Scandinavian Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Módní fotografie v současné Skandinávii | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Módní fotografie v současné Skandinávii | Theses on a related topic
308.
Vacek, Valentýn
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Sociology / Sociology
Master's thesis defence: Charisma a fotografie | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Sociology / Sociology
Master's thesis defence: Charisma a fotografie | Theses on a related topic
309.
Václavíková, Anna
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Art History / Art History
Master's thesis defence: Alexander Hackenschmied na cestě kolem světa a nezávislý film | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Art History / Art History
Master's thesis defence: Alexander Hackenschmied na cestě kolem světa a nezávislý film | Theses on a related topic
310.
Vaculík, Jakub
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Arts, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Technology and IT Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Grafický návrh kampaně proti kouření | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Arts, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Technology and IT Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Grafický návrh kampaně proti kouření | Theses on a related topic
311.
Vágnerová, Nikol
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Anthropology / Anthropology
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podobnost rodičů a potomků v závislosti na pořadí jejich narození | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Anthropology / Anthropology
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podobnost rodičů a potomků v závislosti na pořadí jejich narození | Theses on a related topic
312.
Vašková, Hana
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / English Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: The Language of Obituaries | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / English Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: The Language of Obituaries | Theses on a related topic
313.
Vávrová, Michaela
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Arts for Education, Czech Language and Literature for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Netradiční fotografické techniky | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Arts for Education, Czech Language and Literature for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Netradiční fotografické techniky | Theses on a related topic
314.
Velebová, Barbora
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Civics, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Žena jako inspirace v dějinách kultury | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Civics, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Žena jako inspirace v dějinách kultury | Theses on a related topic
315.
Veselá, Blanka maiden name: Kotková
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Museology / Museology
Master's thesis defence: Sbírka technických návrhů záclon a vzorníků krajek z Muzea města Letovice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Museology / Museology
Master's thesis defence: Sbírka technických návrhů záclon a vzorníků krajek z Muzea města Letovice | Theses on a related topic
316.
Veselá, Kristýna
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Arts, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Ze tmy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Arts, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Special Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Ze tmy | Theses on a related topic
317.
Vogelová, Pavlína
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Film and Audio-Visual Culture Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Brněnská meziválečná fotografie: Křižovatka v kulturním spektru města | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Film and Audio-Visual Culture Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Brněnská meziválečná fotografie: Křižovatka v kulturním spektru města | Theses on a related topic
318.
Voglová, Miroslava
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2014, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Media and Communication Studies / Gender Studies, Media Studies and Journalism (combination/specialization: Digital Media)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Fotografie jako médium předurčené k manipulaci | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Fotografie jako médium předurčené k manipulaci v českém mediálním prostředí | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2014, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Media and Communication Studies / Gender Studies, Media Studies and Journalism (combination/specialization: Digital Media)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Fotografie jako médium předurčené k manipulaci | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Fotografie jako médium předurčené k manipulaci v českém mediálním prostředí | Theses on a related topic
319.
Vokurková, Jana maiden name: Vančurová
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Combined Art Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Obraz duchovního vývoje v díle Františka Drtikola | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Combined Art Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Obraz duchovního vývoje v díle Františka Drtikola | Theses on a related topic
320.
Votavová, Marie
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Combined Art Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Fotografická tvorba Alfonse Muchy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Combined Art Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Fotografická tvorba Alfonse Muchy | Theses on a related topic
321.
Vránová, Eva
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Civics, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Geography
Master's thesis defence: Geografická charakteristika Peru s důrazem na sociální aspekty země | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Civics, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Geography
Master's thesis defence: Geografická charakteristika Peru s důrazem na sociální aspekty země | Theses on a related topic
322.
Vránová, Marie
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Art, Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Visual Creative Work
Master's thesis defence: Na cestě zpět a tady (malby) | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Art, Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Visual Creative Work
Master's thesis defence: Na cestě zpět a tady (malby) | Theses on a related topic
323.
Vronský, Petr
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Aesthetics, History of Arts
Bachelor's thesis defence: Joel-Peter Witkin: fotografie a mrtvé tělo | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Aesthetics, History of Arts
Bachelor's thesis defence: Joel-Peter Witkin: fotografie a mrtvé tělo | Theses on a related topic
324.
Vrzalová, Nela
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Social pedagogy / Social pedagogy
Bachelor's thesis defence: Pojem domov očima ukrajinských uprchlíku v České republice v rámci fenoménu vizuální analýzy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Social pedagogy / Social pedagogy
Bachelor's thesis defence: Pojem domov očima ukrajinských uprchlíku v České republice v rámci fenoménu vizuální analýzy | Theses on a related topic
325.
Zahradníková, Eva
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / History of Arts
Master's thesis defence: Zdeněk Pluhař Portrét českého fotografa amatéra 30. a 40. let 20. století | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / History of Arts
Master's thesis defence: Zdeněk Pluhař Portrét českého fotografa amatéra 30. a 40. let 20. století | Theses on a related topic
326.
Zálešáková, Romana
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Combined Art Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Ženské tělo jako objekt uměleckého znázorňování. Proměny přístupu v kontextu politiky genderu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Combined Art Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Ženské tělo jako objekt uměleckého znázorňování. Proměny přístupu v kontextu politiky genderu | Theses on a related topic
327.
Zedková, Sára
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Media and Communication Studies / Media Studies and Journalism, Public Policy and Human Resources
Bachelor's thesis defence: Série reportážních fotografií a jejich využití k propagaci na sociálních sítích | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Media and Communication Studies / Media Studies and Journalism, Public Policy and Human Resources
Bachelor's thesis defence: Série reportážních fotografií a jejich využití k propagaci na sociálních sítích | Theses on a related topic
328.
Zelený, Kamil
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Theory of Interactive Media
Bachelor's thesis defence: Fotografické lži: manipulovaná fotografie jako nástroj iluze | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Theory of Interactive Media
Bachelor's thesis defence: Fotografické lži: manipulovaná fotografie jako nástroj iluze | Theses on a related topic
329.
Zemanová, Kateřina
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Theory of Interactive Media
Bachelor's thesis defence: Lidské tělo jako objekt projekční fotografie | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Theory of Interactive Media
Bachelor's thesis defence: Lidské tělo jako objekt projekční fotografie | Theses on a related topic
330.
Zezula, Antonín
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / History of Arts
Master's thesis defence: Fotoskupina pěti v kontextu české fotografie mezi léty 1918 až > 1948. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / History of Arts
Master's thesis defence: Fotoskupina pěti v kontextu české fotografie mezi léty 1918 až > 1948. | Theses on a related topic
331.
Zimková, Andrea
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Theory of Interactive Media
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvůrčí principy Light Art Painting Photography | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Theory of Interactive Media
Bachelor's thesis defence: Tvůrčí principy Light Art Painting Photography | Theses on a related topic
332.
Zouhar, Martin
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Theory of Interactive Media
Bachelor's thesis defence: Reprezentace války v současném umění | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Theory of Interactive Media
Bachelor's thesis defence: Reprezentace války v současném umění | Theses on a related topic
333.
Zpěváková, Simona
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Media and Communication Studies / Media Studies and Journalism, Political Science
Bachelor's thesis defence: Soubor dokumentárních fotografií do brožury Kanceláře architekta města Brna k přestavbě železničního uzlu Brno | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Media and Communication Studies / Media Studies and Journalism, Political Science
Bachelor's thesis defence: Soubor dokumentárních fotografií do brožury Kanceláře architekta města Brna k přestavbě železničního uzlu Brno | Theses on a related topic
334.
Zrůst, Roman
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: History for Education / Geography for Education, History for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Photovoice a jeho využití ve výuce | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití Photovoice ve výuce geografie na základní škole | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: History for Education / Geography for Education, History for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Photovoice a jeho využití ve výuce | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití Photovoice ve výuce geografie na základní škole | Theses on a related topic
335.
Žáková, Kateřina
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Geography and Cartography / English Language and Literature, Geography and Cartography with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Metody aktivní výuky na příkladu fyzické geografie Evropy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Geography and Cartography / English Language and Literature, Geography and Cartography with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Metody aktivní výuky na příkladu fyzické geografie Evropy | Theses on a related topic
336.
Žampachová, Pavla
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary and Lower Secondary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Arts, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Civics
Master's thesis defence: Estetické hodnocení vybraných učebnic občanské výchovy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary and Lower Secondary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Arts, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Civics
Master's thesis defence: Estetické hodnocení vybraných učebnic občanské výchovy | Theses on a related topic
337.
Žemla, Petr
Faculty: Faculty of Informatics
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Applied Informatics / Applied Informatics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Digitalizace barevného negativu a jeho vyhodnocení | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Digitalizace barevného negativu a jeho vyhodnocení | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Informatics
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Applied Informatics / Applied Informatics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Digitalizace barevného negativu a jeho vyhodnocení | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Digitalizace barevného negativu a jeho vyhodnocení | Theses on a related topic
338.
Židková, Klára
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Philosophy / Philosophy
Master's thesis defence: Fotografie. Mezi reprezentací a manipulací | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Philosophy / Philosophy
Master's thesis defence: Fotografie. Mezi reprezentací a manipulací | Theses on a related topic
339.
Žmolík, Jan
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / Auxiliary Historical Sciences
Bachelor's thesis defence: Epigrafické památky Vlastivědného muzea v Šumperku do roku 1900 | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / Auxiliary Historical Sciences
Bachelor's thesis defence: Epigrafické památky Vlastivědného muzea v Šumperku do roku 1900 | Theses on a related topic
340.
Žmolík, Jan
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / Auxiliary Historical Sciences
Master's thesis defence: Katalog epigrafických památek Muzea Zábřeh a Státního zámku Velké Losiny | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / Auxiliary Historical Sciences
Master's thesis defence: Katalog epigrafických památek Muzea Zábřeh a Státního zámku Velké Losiny | Theses on a related topic