Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
nabozenstvi, historie, interrupce, questionnaire survey, potrat, abortion, miscarriage, religion, samovolny potrat, history, dotaznikove setreniKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
1951.
Vrtíková, Monika
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Public Policy / Public Administration
Master's thesis defence: Informovaný souhlas k umělému přerušení těhotenství | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Public Policy / Public Administration
Master's thesis defence: Informovaný souhlas k umělému přerušení těhotenství | Theses on a related topic
1952.
Vrubel, Petr
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Humanities / History, Norwegian Language and Literature
Master's thesis defence: Einar Gerhardsen a jeho doba | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Humanities / History, Norwegian Language and Literature
Master's thesis defence: Einar Gerhardsen a jeho doba | Theses on a related topic
1953.
Vrzal, Miroslav
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Sociology / Sociology
Master's thesis defence: Křesťanství na cestě duchovního hledání: Pojetí víry u spirituálně orientovaných křesťanů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Sociology / Sociology
Master's thesis defence: Křesťanství na cestě duchovního hledání: Pojetí víry u spirituálně orientovaných křesťanů | Theses on a related topic
1954.
Všetička, Jiří
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Technical Education
Master's thesis defence: Funkce ve školské matematice - historický vývoj a didaktické aspekty | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Technical Education
Master's thesis defence: Funkce ve školské matematice - historický vývoj a didaktické aspekty | Theses on a related topic
1955.
Vyhňák, Pavel
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: PhDr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in History
Advanced Master's thesis defence: Příspěvek k nejstarší historii jihomoravského vinohradnictví a možnostem jejího využití ve výuce dějepisu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: PhDr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in History
Advanced Master's thesis defence: Příspěvek k nejstarší historii jihomoravského vinohradnictví a možnostem jejího využití ve výuce dějepisu | Theses on a related topic
1956.
Výkruta, Luděk
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / Museology
Master's thesis defence: Muzeum Uničov | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / Museology
Master's thesis defence: Muzeum Uničov | Theses on a related topic
1957.
Vyletělová, Kristina
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2015, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Combined Art Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Historie výroby koberců v Náměšti nad Oslavou | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2015, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Combined Art Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Historie výroby koberců v Náměšti nad Oslavou | Theses on a related topic
1958.
Vystrčil, Štěpán
Faculty: Faculty of Sports Studies
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physical Education and Sport / Physical Education and Sport (combination/specialization: Coaching)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Historie a vývoj aerobních cvičení | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Sports Studies
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physical Education and Sport / Physical Education and Sport (combination/specialization: Coaching)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Historie a vývoj aerobních cvičení | Theses on a related topic
1959.
Wanderburgová, Lucie
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / English Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: William Shakespeare's Second Historical Tetralogy: A Study | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / English Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: William Shakespeare's Second Historical Tetralogy: A Study | Theses on a related topic
1960.
Weiglová, Nikola
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / English Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: Religion and Life after Death in J. K. Rowling and J. R. R. Tolkien: A Comparison | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / English Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: Religion and Life after Death in J. K. Rowling and J. R. R. Tolkien: A Comparison | Theses on a related topic
1961.
Werner, Jan
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Humanities / Philosophy, Political Science
Bachelor's thesis defence: Nový ateismus: kritika náboženství (R. Dawkins a Ch. Hitchens) | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Humanities / Philosophy, Political Science
Bachelor's thesis defence: Nový ateismus: kritika náboženství (R. Dawkins a Ch. Hitchens) | Theses on a related topic
1962.
Wolf, Jan
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Art, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Civics
Master's thesis defence: Kontinuita | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Art, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Civics
Master's thesis defence: Kontinuita | Theses on a related topic
1963.
Zábojníková, Katarína
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Nursing / General Nurse
Bachelor's thesis defence: Cizinec na našem lůžkovém oddělení | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Nursing / General Nurse
Bachelor's thesis defence: Cizinec na našem lůžkovém oddělení | Theses on a related topic
1964.
Zahnaš, Miroslav
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / History
Bachelor's thesis defence: Parlamentní volby v roce 1946 v okrese Hodonín | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Parlamentní volby v roce 1946 v okrese Hodonín | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / History
Bachelor's thesis defence: Parlamentní volby v roce 1946 v okrese Hodonín | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Parlamentní volby v roce 1946 v okrese Hodonín | Theses on a related topic
1965.
Zachovalová, Monika
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary and Lower Secondary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in History, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Christian Education
Master's thesis defence: Dějiny Židů v Boskovicích ve 20. století | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary and Lower Secondary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in History, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Christian Education
Master's thesis defence: Dějiny Židů v Boskovicích ve 20. století | Theses on a related topic
1966.
Zajícová, Veronika
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary and Lower Secondary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Civics, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics
Master's thesis defence: Náboženství Asie - Využití ve výuce občanské výchovy na základní škole | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary and Lower Secondary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Civics, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics
Master's thesis defence: Náboženství Asie - Využití ve výuce občanské výchovy na základní škole | Theses on a related topic
1967.
Zán, Vladimír
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / English Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: Native American's Use of Mass Media | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / English Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: Native American's Use of Mass Media | Theses on a related topic
1968.
Záplatová, Markéta
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Teacher Training of Specialized Subjects for Secondary Schools – Specialisation Commerce and Services
Master's thesis defence: Problematika materiálních výukových prostředků v odborném vzděláváním v oboru kadeřnice | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Problematika materiálních výukových prostředků v odborném vzděláváním v oboru kadeřnice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Teacher Training of Specialized Subjects for Secondary Schools – Specialisation Commerce and Services
Master's thesis defence: Problematika materiálních výukových prostředků v odborném vzděláváním v oboru kadeřnice | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Problematika materiálních výukových prostředků v odborném vzděláváním v oboru kadeřnice | Theses on a related topic
1969.
Zapletalová, Eva
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / German Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: Kultur der Germanen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Runen | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / German Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: Kultur der Germanen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Runen | Theses on a related topic
1970.
Zapletalová, Martina
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Culture Management / Culture Management
Master's thesis defence: Analýza kulturního prostředí města Holešova | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Culture Management / Culture Management
Master's thesis defence: Analýza kulturního prostředí města Holešova | Theses on a related topic
1971.
Zářecká, Petra
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / History
Master's thesis defence: Ženy v Československém parlamentu 1918 - 1938 | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / History
Master's thesis defence: Ženy v Československém parlamentu 1918 - 1938 | Theses on a related topic
1972.
Zavadil, Nikola maiden name: Rumanová
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in History
Master's thesis defence: Nástup Habsburků na český trůn jako téma českých a rakouských školních učebnic dějepisu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in History
Master's thesis defence: Nástup Habsburků na český trůn jako téma českých a rakouských školních učebnic dějepisu | Theses on a related topic
1973.
Zavadilová, Helena
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in English Language and Literature, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in History
Master's thesis defence: Didaktické využití hraného historického filmu Pianista | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in English Language and Literature, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in History
Master's thesis defence: Didaktické využití hraného historického filmu Pianista | Theses on a related topic
1974.
Závodná, Michaela
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Media and Communication Studies / Media Studies and Journalism (combination/specialization: Journalism), Sociology
Bachelor's thesis defence: Náboženství v postmodernitě očima Z. Baumana a A. Giddense | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Media and Communication Studies / Media Studies and Journalism (combination/specialization: Journalism), Sociology
Bachelor's thesis defence: Náboženství v postmodernitě očima Z. Baumana a A. Giddense | Theses on a related topic
1975.
Závodný, Michal
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in French Language and Literature, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics
Master's thesis defence: Využití historie matematiky při výuce na základní škole | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in French Language and Literature, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics
Master's thesis defence: Využití historie matematiky při výuce na základní škole | Theses on a related topic
1976.
Zdeněk, Robin
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Vězeňství v první ČSR | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Vězeňství v první ČSR | Theses on a related topic
1977.
Zec, Ivan
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / English Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: Japanese American Internment during the Second World War | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / English Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: Japanese American Internment during the Second World War | Theses on a related topic
1978.
Zelenková, Kateřina
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Culture Management
Master's thesis defence: Festival Tomáškova a Novákova hudební Skuteč | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Culture Management
Master's thesis defence: Festival Tomáškova a Novákova hudební Skuteč | Theses on a related topic
1979.
Zemandlová, Anna maiden name: Hořínová
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ph.D.
Programme/field: Theoretical Legal Sciences (4-years) / Civil Law
Doctoral thesis defence: Bioetika - vybrané otázky z pohledu práva | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ph.D.
Programme/field: Theoretical Legal Sciences (4-years) / Civil Law
Doctoral thesis defence: Bioetika - vybrané otázky z pohledu práva | Theses on a related topic
1980.
Zemen, Jan
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Estetic Education
Master's thesis defence: Tělesné modifikace | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Secondary Schools / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Estetic Education
Master's thesis defence: Tělesné modifikace | Theses on a related topic
1981.
Zpěváčková, Michaela
Faculty: Faculty of Sports Studies
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physical Education and Sport / Regeneration and Nutrition in Sport
Bachelor's thesis defence: Srdeční frekvence jako odraz zatížení v různých formách powerkitingu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Sports Studies
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physical Education and Sport / Regeneration and Nutrition in Sport
Bachelor's thesis defence: Srdeční frekvence jako odraz zatížení v různých formách powerkitingu | Theses on a related topic
1982.
Zrůst, Roman
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2024, studies under way
Programme/field: History for Education / Geography for Education, History for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Photovoice a jeho využití ve výuce | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití Photovoice ve výuce geografie na základní škole | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2024, studies under way
Programme/field: History for Education / Geography for Education, History for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Photovoice a jeho využití ve výuce | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Využití Photovoice ve výuce geografie na základní škole | Theses on a related topic
1983.
Zrůstová, Barbora
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Teacher Education - Vocational Training
Bachelor's thesis defence: Jak předejít trapným až nebezpečným situacím při návštěvě cizích zemí? Kurz pro průvodce | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Teacher Education - Vocational Training
Bachelor's thesis defence: Jak předejít trapným až nebezpečným situacím při návštěvě cizích zemí? Kurz pro průvodce | Theses on a related topic
1984.
Zrůstová, Lucie
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: RNDr.
Programme/field: Mathematics / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Descriptive Geometry
Advanced Master's thesis defence: Historie výuky deskriptivní geometrie na českých vysokých školách technických do roku 1945 | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: RNDr.
Programme/field: Mathematics / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Descriptive Geometry
Advanced Master's thesis defence: Historie výuky deskriptivní geometrie na českých vysokých školách technických do roku 1945 | Theses on a related topic
1985.
Žáčková, Eva
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Philology / Czech Language and Literature
Master's thesis defence: Reprezentace města ve vybraných textech doby husitské | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Philology / Czech Language and Literature
Master's thesis defence: Reprezentace města ve vybraných textech doby husitské | Theses on a related topic
1986.
Žák, David
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Okrajové sociální skupiny (kultury) | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Okrajové sociální skupiny (kultury) | Theses on a related topic
1987.
Žáková, Lucie maiden name: Pojetová
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / English Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: The Influence of British Colonization on Nigerian Literature: The Case Study of Chinua Achebe | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Philology / English Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: The Influence of British Colonization on Nigerian Literature: The Case Study of Chinua Achebe | Theses on a related topic
1988.
Žákovská, Markéta
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Theory of Interactive Media
Bachelor's thesis defence: Srovnání vzniku světového a českého videoartu a analýza uměleckých prací Nam June Paika a Petra Skaly | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Theory of Interactive Media
Bachelor's thesis defence: Srovnání vzniku světového a českého videoartu a analýza uměleckých prací Nam June Paika a Petra Skaly | Theses on a related topic
1989.
Ždánský, Robert
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specializations in Health Science / Optics and Optometry
Bachelor's thesis defence: Materiály brýlových obrub | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specializations in Health Science / Optics and Optometry
Bachelor's thesis defence: Materiály brýlových obrub | Theses on a related topic
1990.
Žebrakovská, Eva
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Nursing / Midwife
Bachelor's thesis defence: Interupce z pohledu porodní asistentky | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Nursing / Midwife
Bachelor's thesis defence: Interupce z pohledu porodní asistentky | Theses on a related topic
1991.
Žížková, Kateřina
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / Museology
Bachelor's thesis defence: Muzeum Litovel - marketingová strategie malého muzea | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / Museology
Bachelor's thesis defence: Muzeum Litovel - marketingová strategie malého muzea | Theses on a related topic