Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
biopaliva, udrzitelnost, udrzitelny rozvoj, kriteria udrzitelnosti, certifikace biopaliv, sustainability, zivotni prostredi, biofuels, biomass, sustainable development, environment, sustainability criteria, biomasa, biofuel certificationKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
851.
Vaňková, Miloslava
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Ochrana území při investiční výstavbě | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Ochrana území při investiční výstavbě | Theses on a related topic
852.
Vávra, Miloslav
Faculty: Faculty of Informatics
Year: 2005, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Applied Informatics / Applied Informatics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Intranetový informační systém pro odpadové hospodářství
Faculty: Faculty of Informatics
Year: 2005, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Applied Informatics / Applied Informatics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Intranetový informační systém pro odpadové hospodářství
853.
Vavřinová, Zuzana
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Právo na příznivé životní prostředí v právním řádu ČR | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Právo na příznivé životní prostředí v právním řádu ČR | Theses on a related topic
854.
Večeřová, Michaela
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: International Territorial Studies / European Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv malého státu na environmentální politiku EU: Dánsko | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: International Territorial Studies / European Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv malého státu na environmentální politiku EU: Dánsko | Theses on a related topic
855.
Velevová, Klára
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Geography, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in History
Bachelor's thesis defence: Srovnání vyučovacích prostředků, metod a forem alternativní předškolní výchovy metody Montessori a klasické mateřské školy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Geography, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in History
Bachelor's thesis defence: Srovnání vyučovacích prostředků, metod a forem alternativní předškolní výchovy metody Montessori a klasické mateřské školy | Theses on a related topic
856.
Venhuda, Jan
Faculty: Faculty of Informatics
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Applied Informatics / Applied Informatics
Master's thesis defence: Informační systém v ochraně ovzduší | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Informatics
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Applied Informatics / Applied Informatics
Master's thesis defence: Informační systém v ochraně ovzduší | Theses on a related topic
857.
Veselá, Gabriela
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Education / Social and Free Time Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Sociálni klima školní třídy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Education / Social and Free Time Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Sociálni klima školní třídy | Theses on a related topic
858.
Veselý, Jiří
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Teacher Education - Vocational Training
Bachelor's thesis defence: Těžba zemního plynu hydraulickým štěpením – studijní opora pro SOŠ a SOU | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Teacher Education - Vocational Training
Bachelor's thesis defence: Těžba zemního plynu hydraulickým štěpením – studijní opora pro SOŠ a SOU | Theses on a related topic
859.
Vidrmanová, Martina
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Chemistry / Environmental Chemistry
Master's thesis defence: Metody izolace a detekce látek použitelných jako náhrada bojových chemických látek (BCHL) | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Chemistry / Environmental Chemistry
Master's thesis defence: Metody izolace a detekce látek použitelných jako náhrada bojových chemických látek (BCHL) | Theses on a related topic
860.
Villínová, Katarína
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Management
Master's thesis defence: Možnosti zpracování průmyslových odpadů v podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Management
Master's thesis defence: Možnosti zpracování průmyslových odpadů v podniku | Theses on a related topic
861.
Vladařová, Natálie
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: European Governance / European Governance
Master's thesis defence: Opportunities and Challenges of EU Sustainability Reporting Legislation for Large Companies | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: European Governance / European Governance
Master's thesis defence: Opportunities and Challenges of EU Sustainability Reporting Legislation for Large Companies | Theses on a related topic
862.
Vlašín Johanisová, Naděžda
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Ph.D.
Programme/field: Sociology / Environmental Humanities
Doctoral thesis defence: A Comparison of Rural Social Enterprises in Britain and the Czech Republic | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Ph.D.
Programme/field: Sociology / Environmental Humanities
Doctoral thesis defence: A Comparison of Rural Social Enterprises in Britain and the Czech Republic | Theses on a related topic
863.
Vlč, Adam
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Environmental Humanities / Environmental Studies
Master's thesis defence: Kritiky ekonomické integrace zemí globálního Jihu s důrazem na environmentální hledisko | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Kritiky ekonomické integrace zemí globálního Jihu s důrazem na environmentální hledisko | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Environmental Humanities / Environmental Studies
Master's thesis defence: Kritiky ekonomické integrace zemí globálního Jihu s důrazem na environmentální hledisko | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Kritiky ekonomické integrace zemí globálního Jihu s důrazem na environmentální hledisko | Theses on a related topic
864.
Vlček, Ondřej
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / English Language for Education, Geography for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Doprava žáků do základních škol ve Zlíně | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / English Language for Education, Geography for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Doprava žáků do základních škol ve Zlíně | Theses on a related topic
865.
Vlková, Markéta
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Experimental Biology / Special Biology (combination/specialization: Mikrobiologie a molekulární biotechnologie)
Master's thesis defence: Klasifikace psychrotrofnich pseudomonád | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Experimental Biology / Special Biology (combination/specialization: Mikrobiologie a molekulární biotechnologie)
Master's thesis defence: Klasifikace psychrotrofnich pseudomonád | Theses on a related topic
866.
Vodičková, Aneta
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Pedagogy / Pedagogy
Bachelor's thesis defence: Seberegulované učení u vysokoškolských studentů během zkouškového období | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Pedagogy / Pedagogy
Bachelor's thesis defence: Seberegulované učení u vysokoškolských studentů během zkouškového období | Theses on a related topic
867.
Vojtěchová, Sabina
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Environmental Studies / Environmental Studies
Master's thesis defence: Nepodmíněné základní služby jako nerůstová politika pro udržitelnou a sociálně spravedlivou společnost? | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Environmental Studies / Environmental Studies
Master's thesis defence: Nepodmíněné základní služby jako nerůstová politika pro udržitelnou a sociálně spravedlivou společnost? | Theses on a related topic
868.
Vojtěšková, Veronika
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Public Economics and Administration (combination/specialization: Public Economy and Administration)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Ekonomické nástroje politiky životního prostředí a jejich využití ve vybrané oblasti ochrany ŽP - ochrana vod | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Public Economics and Administration (combination/specialization: Public Economy and Administration)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Ekonomické nástroje politiky životního prostředí a jejich využití ve vybrané oblasti ochrany ŽP - ochrana vod | Theses on a related topic
869.
Vokáčová, Jitka maiden name: Knotková
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / Archaeology
Bachelor's thesis defence: Kultura s lineární keramikou v Pooslaví a Pojihlaví na Třebíčsku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / Archaeology
Bachelor's thesis defence: Kultura s lineární keramikou v Pooslaví a Pojihlaví na Třebíčsku | Theses on a related topic
870.
Vozárová, Magdalena
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Regional Development and Administration
Master's thesis defence: Kvantifikace ekonomických dopadů regionálních rozvojových projektů - Životní prostředí | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Regional Development and Administration
Master's thesis defence: Kvantifikace ekonomických dopadů regionálních rozvojových projektů - Životní prostředí | Theses on a related topic
871.
Vyhnánková, Eva
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Environmental Humanities / Environmental Studies
Master's thesis defence: Přímé zahraniční investice v ČR a jejich environmentální dopady | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Environmental Humanities / Environmental Studies
Master's thesis defence: Přímé zahraniční investice v ČR a jejich environmentální dopady | Theses on a related topic
872.
Vykydalová, Pavlína
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Management
Master's thesis defence: Podmínky a motivace pro zajištění dlouhodobě udržitelného rozvoje organizace | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Management
Master's thesis defence: Podmínky a motivace pro zajištění dlouhodobě udržitelného rozvoje organizace | Theses on a related topic
873.
Vystrčilová, Karolína
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Applied Geography / Applied Geography and Geoinformatics (combination/specialization: Geoinformatics and Sustainable Development)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zhodnocení vybraných aspektů turismu v CHKO Bílé Karpaty s důrazem na kontext udržitelnosti | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zhodnocení vybraných aspektů turismu v CHKO Bílé Karpaty s důrazem na kontext udržitelnosti | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Applied Geography / Applied Geography and Geoinformatics (combination/specialization: Geoinformatics and Sustainable Development)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zhodnocení vybraných aspektů turismu v CHKO Bílé Karpaty s důrazem na kontext udržitelnosti | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zhodnocení vybraných aspektů turismu v CHKO Bílé Karpaty s důrazem na kontext udržitelnosti | Theses on a related topic
874.
Vyvijalová, Barbora
Faculty: Faculty of Sports Studies
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Physical Education and Sport / Lower and Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Physical Education (combination/specialization: Sports Education)
Master's thesis defence: Vztah k přírodě budoucích učitelů tělesné výchovy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Sports Studies
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Physical Education and Sport / Lower and Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Physical Education (combination/specialization: Sports Education)
Master's thesis defence: Vztah k přírodě budoucích učitelů tělesné výchovy | Theses on a related topic
875.
Yurchuk, Anastasiia
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Finance / Finance
Master's thesis defence: Sustainability and insurance | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Finance / Finance
Master's thesis defence: Sustainability and insurance | Theses on a related topic
876.
Zacharová, Niké
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Evidence jako nástroj ochrany životního prostředí | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Evidence jako nástroj ochrany životního prostředí | Theses on a related topic
877.
Zámečníková, Karolína
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Pre-school and After-school Education / Pre-school Teacher Training
Bachelor's thesis defence: Environmentální tematický plán zaměřený na vedení dětí předškolního věku k zodpovědnému nakládání s odpady | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Pre-school and After-school Education / Pre-school Teacher Training
Bachelor's thesis defence: Environmentální tematický plán zaměřený na vedení dětí předškolního věku k zodpovědnému nakládání s odpady | Theses on a related topic
878.
Zelená, Petra
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / Archaeology
Master's thesis defence: Neolitické osídlení horního Polabí | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Historical Sciences / Archaeology
Master's thesis defence: Neolitické osídlení horního Polabí | Theses on a related topic
879.
Zelený, Michal
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Ochrana veřejného zdraví před environmentálními vlivy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Ochrana veřejného zdraví před environmentálními vlivy | Theses on a related topic
880.
Zemancová, Jana
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Social Policy and Social Work / Social Policy and Social Work
Master's thesis defence: Srovnávací analýza důchodového systému České republiky a Švédska | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Social Policy and Social Work / Social Policy and Social Work
Master's thesis defence: Srovnávací analýza důchodového systému České republiky a Švédska | Theses on a related topic
881.
Zemánková, Eliška
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary and Lower Secondary Schools / Lower Secondary and Language School Teacher Training in German Language
Master's thesis defence: Iva Procházková und ihre jugendliterarischen Werke | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary and Lower Secondary Schools / Lower Secondary and Language School Teacher Training in German Language
Master's thesis defence: Iva Procházková und ihre jugendliterarischen Werke | Theses on a related topic
882.
Zemanová, Vendula
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Deliktní odpovědnost v právu životního prostředí | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Deliktní odpovědnost v právu životního prostředí | Theses on a related topic
883.
Zikmundová, Michaela
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Philology / English Language and Literature, Russian Language and Literature
Master's thesis defence: Translation of the Names of Ecological and Environmental Organisations | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Philology / English Language and Literature, Russian Language and Literature
Master's thesis defence: Translation of the Names of Ecological and Environmental Organisations | Theses on a related topic
884.
Zimmermannová, Lucie maiden name: Bořilová
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Legal Specializations / Public Administration
Bachelor's thesis defence: Správní trestání v oblasti ochrany životního prostředí | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Správní trestání v oblasti ochrany životního prostředí | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Správní trestání v oblasti ochrany životního prostředí | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Legal Specializations / Public Administration
Bachelor's thesis defence: Správní trestání v oblasti ochrany životního prostředí | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Správní trestání v oblasti ochrany životního prostředí | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Správní trestání v oblasti ochrany životního prostředí | Theses on a related topic
885.
Zouhar, Petr
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Regional Development and Tourism / Regional Development and Tourism
Bachelor's thesis defence: Aplikace Place Standard tool na vybrané město | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2024, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Regional Development and Tourism / Regional Development and Tourism
Bachelor's thesis defence: Aplikace Place Standard tool na vybrané město | Theses on a related topic
886.
Zrníková, Adéla
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Information and Library Studies / Information and Library Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Aspekty kritického posthumanismu v metodách transition designu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Information and Library Studies / Information and Library Studies
Bachelor's thesis defence: Aspekty kritického posthumanismu v metodách transition designu | Theses on a related topic
887.
Zvelebil, Roman
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2024, studies under way
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Environmentální spravedlnost | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Law
Year: 2024, studies under way
Programme/field: Law and Legal Science / Law
Master's thesis defence: Environmentální spravedlnost | Theses on a related topic
888.
Žáková Talpová, Sylva
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ph.D.
Programme/field: Economy and Management (4-years) / Business Economy and Management
Doctoral thesis defence: Strategies of Multinational and Domestic Companies in the Czech Republic | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ph.D.
Programme/field: Economy and Management (4-years) / Business Economy and Management
Doctoral thesis defence: Strategies of Multinational and Domestic Companies in the Czech Republic | Theses on a related topic
889.
Žampová, Eva
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Management
Master's thesis defence: Aplikace ISO norem a jejich ekonomické ukazatele v konkrétním podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economy and Management / Business Management
Master's thesis defence: Aplikace ISO norem a jejich ekonomické ukazatele v konkrétním podniku | Theses on a related topic
890.
Žárská, Mariana
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2024, studies under way
Programme/field: Czech Language and Literature for Education / Arts and Visual Arts for Education, Czech Language and Literature for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Lehkost v těžkosti | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2024, studies under way
Programme/field: Czech Language and Literature for Education / Arts and Visual Arts for Education, Czech Language and Literature for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Lehkost v těžkosti | Theses on a related topic
891.
Žochová, Sabina
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Regional Development and Administration
Master's thesis defence: Aplikace principů Smart Cities v intencích kvality života | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Economics and Administration
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Regional Development and Administration
Master's thesis defence: Aplikace principů Smart Cities v intencích kvality života | Theses on a related topic