Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
skalarni soucin, shodnost, symetrie, vlastni cisla a vektory, euklidovsky a afinni prostor, linearni zobrazeni, shodna zobrazeniKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
1.
Gajďoková, Lucie
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics / Mathematics with a view to Education, Special Education for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Shodná zobrazení prostoru | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics / Mathematics with a view to Education, Special Education for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Shodná zobrazení prostoru | Theses on a related topic
2.
Grendárová, Viera
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Chemistry / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Chemistry, Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics
Master's thesis defence: Shodná zobrazení ve středoškolských učebnicích po roce 1860 | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Chemistry / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Chemistry, Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics
Master's thesis defence: Shodná zobrazení ve středoškolských učebnicích po roce 1860 | Theses on a related topic
3.
Nováková, Kristýna
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Health Education, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics
Master's thesis defence: Symetrie | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Health Education, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics
Master's thesis defence: Symetrie | Theses on a related topic
4.
Benešová, Aneta
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Chemistry / Chemistry with a view to Education, Mathematics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Shodnosti a podobnosti ve středoškolské matematice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Chemistry / Chemistry with a view to Education, Mathematics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Shodnosti a podobnosti ve středoškolské matematice | Theses on a related topic
5.
Borovička, Miloslav
Faculty: Faculty of Sports Studies
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Physical Education and Sport / Lower and Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Physical Education (combination/specialization: Sports Education)
Master's thesis defence: Mechanické zatížení muskuloskeletálního systému ve sportovní gymnastice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Sports Studies
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Physical Education and Sport / Lower and Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Physical Education (combination/specialization: Sports Education)
Master's thesis defence: Mechanické zatížení muskuloskeletálního systému ve sportovní gymnastice | Theses on a related topic
6.
Bumbálková, Adéla
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics / Geography and Cartography with a view to Education, Mathematics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Geometrická zobrazení - sbírka příkladů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics / Geography and Cartography with a view to Education, Mathematics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Geometrická zobrazení - sbírka příkladů | Theses on a related topic
7.
Búš, Erik
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physics / Physics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Symetrie a zákony zachování ve variačních teoriích | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physics / Physics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Symetrie a zákony zachování ve variačních teoriích | Theses on a related topic
8.
Cidlinský, Darek
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Physics / Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics (combination/specialization: Teoretická fyzika)
Master's thesis defence: Mongeovy-Amperovy rovnice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Physics / Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics (combination/specialization: Teoretická fyzika)
Master's thesis defence: Mongeovy-Amperovy rovnice | Theses on a related topic
9.
Čech, Michal
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Ph.D.
Programme/field: Physics (4-years) / General Physics
Doctoral thesis defence: Teorém Emmy Noetherové a zákony zachování v neholonomní mechanice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Ph.D.
Programme/field: Physics (4-years) / General Physics
Doctoral thesis defence: Teorém Emmy Noetherové a zákony zachování v neholonomní mechanice | Theses on a related topic
10.
Harangi, Gabriel
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Applied Mathematics / Mathematics - Economics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Lieova sférická geometrie | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Applied Mathematics / Mathematics - Economics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Lieova sférická geometrie | Theses on a related topic
11.
Hronek, Stanislav
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physics / Physics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Diferenciální formy a variační teorie | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physics / Physics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Diferenciální formy a variační teorie | Theses on a related topic
12.
Hrubá, Michaela
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Arts, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Z plochy prostor | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Arts, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Z plochy prostor | Theses on a related topic
13.
Janoušková, Pavla
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Sociology / Social Policy and Social Work, Sociology
Bachelor's thesis defence: Symetrie ve vztahu k delikventní mládeži | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Sociology / Social Policy and Social Work, Sociology
Bachelor's thesis defence: Symetrie ve vztahu k delikventní mládeži | Theses on a related topic
14.
Jedličková, Simeona
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Humanities / Aesthetics, French Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: Estetické principy architektury u Vitruvia a Albertiho | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Humanities / Aesthetics, French Language and Literature
Bachelor's thesis defence: Estetické principy architektury u Vitruvia a Albertiho | Theses on a related topic
15.
Kneblová, Daniela
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2021, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Chemistry / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Biology, Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Chemistry
Master's thesis defence: Výukový modul Základní anorganické struktury | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2021, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Chemistry / Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Biology, Upper Secondary School Teacher Training in Chemistry
Master's thesis defence: Výukový modul Základní anorganické struktury | Theses on a related topic
16.
Kodetová, Marie
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics / Mathematics with a view to Education, Music for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Sbírka úloh z planimetrie | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics / Mathematics with a view to Education, Music for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Sbírka úloh z planimetrie | Theses on a related topic
17.
Krátká, Lucie
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary and Lower Secondary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Physics
Master's thesis defence: Výuka matematiky a školská reforma v Československu v letech 1945-1953 | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Výuka matematiky a školská reforma v Československu v letech 1945-1953 | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary and Lower Secondary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Physics
Master's thesis defence: Výuka matematiky a školská reforma v Československu v letech 1945-1953 | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Výuka matematiky a školská reforma v Československu v letech 1945-1953 | Theses on a related topic
18.
Krézková, Lucie
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Physics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Matematika jako nástroj fyziky ve vybraných fyzikálních zákonech | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Physics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Matematika jako nástroj fyziky ve vybraných fyzikálních zákonech | Theses on a related topic
19.
Marek, Vojtěch
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics for Education / Geography for Education, Mathematics for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Projektivní geometrie a Plückerovy souřadnice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics for Education / Geography for Education, Mathematics for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Projektivní geometrie a Plückerovy souřadnice | Theses on a related topic
20.
Martínková, Daniela
Faculty: Faculty of Sports Studies
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physical Education and Sport / Animator of Sport Activities, Natural Science for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Asymetrie ve sportovní gymnastice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Sports Studies
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physical Education and Sport / Animator of Sport Activities, Natural Science for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Asymetrie ve sportovní gymnastice | Theses on a related topic
21.
Martykán, Jaroslav
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Technical Education
Master's thesis defence: Shodné zobrazení při řešení v konstrukčních úlohách | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Technical Education
Master's thesis defence: Shodné zobrazení při řešení v konstrukčních úlohách | Theses on a related topic
22.
Mičkalová, Barbora
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Arts, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Symetrie v matematice a výtvarném umění | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Arts, Lower Secondary School Teacher Training in Mathematics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Symetrie v matematice a výtvarném umění | Theses on a related topic
23.
Múčková, Marie
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physics / Mathematics with a view to Education, Physics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Sbírka planimetrických úloh řešených pomocí shodností | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physics / Mathematics with a view to Education, Physics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Sbírka planimetrických úloh řešených pomocí shodností | Theses on a related topic
24.
Nimrichtrová, Jana
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics / Informatics with another discipline, Mathematics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Shodná zobrazení na střední škole | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics / Informatics with another discipline, Mathematics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Shodná zobrazení na střední škole | Theses on a related topic
25.
Nováčková, Michaela
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics / Arts for Education, Mathematics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Sbírka planimetrických úloh řešených pomocí shodností | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics / Arts for Education, Mathematics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Sbírka planimetrických úloh řešených pomocí shodností | Theses on a related topic
26.
Pokorný, Alexandr
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics for Education / Geography for Education, Mathematics for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Kartografie matematicky | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics for Education / Geography for Education, Mathematics for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Kartografie matematicky | Theses on a related topic
27.
Přibyl, Pavel Wilhelm
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Aesthetics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Explikace zlatého řezu v estetice | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Explikace zlatého řezu v estetice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Aesthetics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Explikace zlatého řezu v estetice | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Explikace zlatého řezu v estetice | Theses on a related topic
28.
Psotová, Kateřina
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Primary School Teacher Training
Master's thesis defence: Souměrnost rovinných útvarů na 1. stupni ZŠ | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Teacher Training for Primary Schools / Primary School Teacher Training
Master's thesis defence: Souměrnost rovinných útvarů na 1. stupni ZŠ | Theses on a related topic
29.
Skácel, Petr
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics / Geography and Cartography with a view to Education, Mathematics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Sbírka příkladů z lineární algebry | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics / Geography and Cartography with a view to Education, Mathematics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Sbírka příkladů z lineární algebry | Theses on a related topic
30.
Skřičková, Dana
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics focused on teaching / Czech Language and Literature, Mathematics focused on teaching
Bachelor's thesis defence: Planimetrie | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Mathematics focused on teaching / Czech Language and Literature, Mathematics focused on teaching
Bachelor's thesis defence: Planimetrie | Theses on a related topic
31.
Sochor, Jakub
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physics / Mathematics with a view to Education, Physics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vektorové prostory - sbírka příkladů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physics / Mathematics with a view to Education, Physics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vektorové prostory - sbírka příkladů | Theses on a related topic
32.
Svoboda, David
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physics / Physics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Kalibrační invariance a Wardova-Takahashiho identita v kvantové elektrodynamice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physics / Physics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Kalibrační invariance a Wardova-Takahashiho identita v kvantové elektrodynamice | Theses on a related topic
33.
Svobodová, Veronika
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Ph.D.
Programme/field: Matematics (4-years) / General Problems of Mathematics
Doctoral thesis defence: Pravidelné mnohostěny jako prostředek utváření prostorové představivosti | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2007, studies completed, degree conferred: Ph.D.
Programme/field: Matematics (4-years) / General Problems of Mathematics
Doctoral thesis defence: Pravidelné mnohostěny jako prostředek utváření prostorové představivosti | Theses on a related topic
34.
Škorňa, Martin
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physics / Physics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Spontánní narušení symetrie a nerelativistická Goldstoneova věta | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physics / Physics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Spontánní narušení symetrie a nerelativistická Goldstoneova věta | Theses on a related topic
35.
Šlapáková, Barbora Anna
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Aesthetics and Culture Studies
Master's thesis defence: Památka - umělecké dílo - znak: Estetické principy v proměnách zámku Častolovice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Arts
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: General Theory and History of Arts and Culture / Aesthetics and Culture Studies
Master's thesis defence: Památka - umělecké dílo - znak: Estetické principy v proměnách zámku Častolovice | Theses on a related topic
36.
Šťastný, Jan
Faculty: Faculty of Informatics
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Informatics / Computer Graphics and Image Processing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Symetrické 3D modelování ovládané haptickým zařízením. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Informatics
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Informatics / Computer Graphics and Image Processing
Bachelor's thesis defence: Symetrické 3D modelování ovládané haptickým zařízením. | Theses on a related topic
37.
Tlapák, Stanislav
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physics / Mathematics with a view to Education, Physics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Součiny vektorů a jejich užití | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Součiny vektorů a jejich užití | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Physics / Mathematics with a view to Education, Physics with a view to Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Součiny vektorů a jejich užití | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Součiny vektorů a jejich užití | Theses on a related topic
38.
Ulreichová, Lucie
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Applied Mathematics / Financial and Insurance Mathematics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Základy funkcionální analýzy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Applied Mathematics / Financial and Insurance Mathematics
Bachelor's thesis defence: Základy funkcionální analýzy | Theses on a related topic
39.
Veselý, Hubert
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Human Biology / Anthropology
Bachelor's thesis defence: Fyzická přitažlivost lidského obličeje | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Science
Year: 2006, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Human Biology / Anthropology
Bachelor's thesis defence: Fyzická přitažlivost lidského obličeje | Theses on a related topic
40.
Vyvialová, Jana
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Civics and Social Studies Basic with a view to Education, Mathematics for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Matice a jejich využití v lineární algebře | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Education
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Specialization in Education / Civics and Social Studies Basic with a view to Education, Mathematics for Education
Bachelor's thesis defence: Matice a jejich využití v lineární algebře | Theses on a related topic
41.
Wybiralová, Zuzana
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Social Policy and Social Work / Social Policy and Social Work
Master's thesis defence: Řešení dilema jednostrannosti symetrie v Domově důchodvů v městské části Ostrava-jih | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: Faculty of Social Studies
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Social Policy and Social Work / Social Policy and Social Work
Master's thesis defence: Řešení dilema jednostrannosti symetrie v Domově důchodvů v městské části Ostrava-jih | Theses on a related topic