BTFO0111c Physiological optics – practice

Faculty of Medicine
autumn 2022
Extent and Intensity
0/0/2. 2 credit(s). Type of Completion: z (credit).
Teacher(s)
Mgr. Jana Sokolová Šidlová, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)
doc. MUDr. Svatopluk Synek, CSc. (seminar tutor)
Guaranteed by
doc. MUDr. Svatopluk Synek, CSc.
Department of Optometry and Orthoptics – Departments of Non-medical Branches – Faculty of Medicine
Contact Person: Lenka Herníková
Supplier department: Department of Optometry and Orthoptics – Departments of Non-medical Branches – Faculty of Medicine
Timetable
Mon 12. 9. 9:00–11:50 KOOO N02902, Mon 19. 9. 9:00–11:50 KOOO N02902, Mon 26. 9. 9:00–11:50 KOOO N02902, Mon 3. 10. 9:00–11:50 KOOO N02902, Mon 10. 10. 9:00–11:50 KOOO N02902, Mon 17. 10. 9:00–11:50 KOOO N02902, Mon 24. 10. 9:00–11:50 KOOO N02902, Mon 31. 10. 9:00–11:50 KOOO N02902, Mon 7. 11. 9:00–11:50 KOOO N02902, Mon 14. 11. 9:00–11:50 KOOO N02902, Mon 21. 11. 9:00–11:50 KOOO N02902, Mon 28. 11. 9:00–11:50 KOOO N02902, Mon 5. 12. 9:00–11:50 KOOO N02902, Mon 12. 12. 9:00–11:50 KOOO N02902, Mon 19. 12. 9:00–11:50 KOOO N02902
Prerequisites
The course is designed for students of corresponding fields.
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is only offered to the students of the study fields the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
The goal of the course is to get basic knowledge of optical structures of the eye, evaluation of visual ametropia and determination of optimal optical correction aids for its compensation.
Learning outcomes
Student will be able to explain the basic concepts and physiological processes of optical systems in principles of geometric and wave optics - measurment and evaluation of appropriate spectacle correction in lensmeter
Syllabus
  • A brief introduction to geometrical optics. Refraction at a spherical surface, reduced distances, vergences, definition of optical power; Gauss projection equation and the equations of vergence for one spherical surface and the lens; multistage optical system and draw their main parameters, basics of optical aberration systems. Creation of visual perception. The eye and its optical system. The construction of the eye and its optical system, its model and their use. Aberrations of the optical system of the eye, an overview of refractive errors. Emetropia and ametropia. The causes, classification and spectacle correction of spherical ametropia. Astigmatism, the causes, classification and correction. Anisometropia, aniseikonia. Accommodation and its description. Theory of accommodation. Accommodative stimuli. Empty field myopia. Night and instrumentation myopia. Interval and amplitude of accommodation. Changes in accommodation with age, presbyopia, presbyopic addition for near. Aphakia. Amblyopia. The influence of the pupil on the optical imaging of the eye. Diffraction-limited eye. Scattering ring. Depth of field. Stiles-Crawford effect. Pupillary reflexes. Visual acuity and its measurement. Minimal angular resolution and its measurement (vernier and angular resolution). Visus - definition and measuring. Optotypes – design, principles, types and applications. Contrast sensitivity-definitions, measurement and use. Visual function of the retina. Retinal patterns, types of photoreceptors, their distribution on the retina, convergence. Receptive field. Photoreceptor pigments. Adaptation to darkness, the threshold brightness, adaptation curve. Adaptation to light. Photopic, scotopic and mesopic vision. Introduction to photometry. Basic photometric quantities and units. Basic relations between the photometric variables, photometric formulas, Bunsen photometer. Perception of brightness, adaptation. Adaptation to darkness. Adaptation to light. Differential luminance threshold, the effect of changes in luminance contrast. Subsequently images, irradiation, dazzled. Illuminated workplace, influence the location of the light sources and their spectral composition of light on the eye, damaged radiation of the eye and its prevention. Entoptic phenomenas. The color, the perception and measurement. Definition of color, description of the psycho-sensory, physical and psycho-physical point of view. Temperature of the color, equivalent temperature of color, mixing colors (subtractive, additive). Natural color coordinates, tri-color coordinates based on color flow, CIE trichromatic system. Theory of color vision. Helmholtz trichromatic theory of color vision, Hering theory of oposit colours, zones theory. Disorders of color perception. Visual field, the visual pathway. Monocular and binocular visual field - characteristics, measurement and failure. Visual pathway and its neurons. Introduction to the physiology of the eye movements, the basics of binocular vision, the relationship convergence and accommodation. Psychology of vision, visual illusions. Requirements for optical devices.
Literature
  • Trendy soudobé oftalmologie. Edited by Pavel Rozsíval. Praha: Galén, 2012, 259 s. ISBN 9788072628186. info
  • KITTNAR, Otomar. Lékařská fyziologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Grada, 2011, 790 s. ISBN 9788024730684. info
  • Trendy soudobé oftalmologie. Edited by Pavel Rozsíval. Praha: Česká oftalmologická společnost, 2011, 225 s. ISBN 9788072626915. info
  • JEXOVÁ, Soňa. Geometrická optika. Vyd. 1. Brno: Národní centrum ošetřovatelství a nelékařských zdravotnických oborů, 2010, 218 s. ISBN 9788070135211. info
  • Trendy soudobé oftalmologie. Edited by Pavel Rozsíval. Praha: Galén, 2010, 259 s. ISBN 9788072626618. info
  • MALÝ, Petr. Optika. Vyd. 1. Praha: Karolinum, 2008, 361 s. ISBN 9788024613420. info
  • KUCHYNKA, Pavel. Oční lékařství. 1.vyd. Praha: Grada, 2007, [40], 768. ISBN 9788024711638. info
  • DOHNALOVÁ, Pavla. Trendy soudobé oftalmologie. Edited by Pavel Rozsíval. 1. vyd. Praha: Galén, 2005, 286 s. ISBN 8072623265. info
  • KRAUS, Hanuš. Kompendium očního lékařství. Vyd. 1. Praha: Grada, 1997, 341 s. ISBN 8071690791. info
  • RUTRLE, Miloš. Brýlová optika. 2. přeprac. vyd. Brno: Institut pro další vzdělávání pracovníků ve zdravotnictví, 1993, 144 s. ISBN 8070131454. info
  • BALÍK, J. and J. BOBEK. Technický sborník oční optiky. Edited by J. Polášek. 2. vyd. Praha: Oční optika, 1975, 579 s. info
Teaching methods
practice
Assessment methods
credit - processing a selected group of measurements
Language of instruction
Czech
Further comments (probably available only in Czech)
Study Materials
The course is taught annually.
Information on the extent and intensity of the course: 30.
Listed among pre-requisites of other courses
The course is also listed under the following terms Autumn 2013, Autumn 2014, Autumn 2015, Autumn 2016, Autumn 2017, autumn 2018, autumn 2019, autumn 2020, autumn 2021, autumn 2023, autumn 2024.
  • Enrolment Statistics (autumn 2022, recent)
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