PřF:G3021 Petrology I - Course Information

G3021 Petrology I

Faculty of Science
Spring 2015

Extent and Intensity

6/0. 9 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

prof. Mgr. Ondřej Bábek, Dr. (lecturer)
prof. RNDr. Jaromír Leichmann, Dr. rer. nat. (lecturer)
Mgr. David Buriánek, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Mgr. Veronika Banaśová (seminar tutor), prof. RNDr. Jaromír Leichmann, Dr. rer. nat. (deputy)

Guaranteed by

doc. RNDr. Rostislav Melichar, Dr.
Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science
Contact Person: doc. Mgr. Martin Ivanov, Dr.
Supplier department: Department of Geological Sciences – Earth Sciences Section – Faculty of Science

Timetable

Tue 13:00–15:50 G1,01004, Wed 8:00–10:50 G1,01004

Prerequisites

! G3020 Magmatic Petrology && ! G3021k Petrology I
G3020

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
The capacity limit for the course is 80 student(s).
Current registration and enrolment status: enrolled: 0/80, only registered: 0/80, only registered with preference (fields directly associated with the programme): 0/80

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

there are 42 fields of study the course is directly associated with, display

Course objectives

At the end of this course, students should be able to characterize basic groups of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, knowledge of which is necessary for successful managing of related subjects of bachelors study.

Syllabus

Introduction, tasks and methods of petrological work, petrology vs. petrography, experimental petrology, applied petrography - petrography of technical substances, technical petrography and geology. Short overview of principal historic moments in the evolution of igneous petrology. The formation of magmatic rocks in the crust and mantle, physical properties of the magma, geotectonic position of igneous rocks. Temperature and pressures of the formation of igneous rocks, measurement of magma temperature. Composition, origin, and conditions of magma creation. Viscosity, diffusion, formation of crystals in the melt, degasification of the magma and causes of ebullience.
Differentiation and crystallisation of magma - homogenous, heterogeneous. Physico-chemical conditions of formation and ascent of igneous rocks. Rock-forming minerals of igneous rocks, their formation, division, and importance for genetic conclusions. Temperatures and pressures of the formation of rock-forming minerals: petrogenetic significance of minerals, lattice parameters as a source of information on conditions of mineral formation in rocks, colour of minerals as a source of information of mineral formation in rocks, temporal relations of mineral formation in rocks. Structures and microstructures of igneous rocks, their genetic importance. Chemical composition of igneous rocks, relation between chemical and mineral composition. Causes of differences in the composition of igneous rocks, significance of feldspars, quartz, and foids for classification of igneous rocks. Classification of igneous rocks. Geochemical criteria for distinction of igneous rocks. The rate of igneous rock formation. Criteria of tectogenesis and tectonic position of igneous and effusive rocks. The formation of ultrabasic, basic, intermediate and acidic magma, magma ascent, differentiation, crystallisation of artificial melts. Assimilation, magma mixing, xenoliths.
Systematic and regional petrography: Plutonic rocks: granite, granidiorite, syenite, tonalite, diorite, gabbro, peridotites, alkaline rock . Volcanic rocks: rhyolite, basalts, andesitey, phonolite, tephrite, basanite, volcanic glass, tuffs Introduction to study of sedimentary rocks - Sedimentology - historical evolution. Sedimentary petrology - basis, aims and orientation. Significance of sedimentary rocks. Main sources of sedimentary material. Relationship of sedimentary rocks to other rocks, sedimentary cycle. Comparison of magmatic and sedimentary materials. Occurrence and main types of sedimentary rocks. Methods of sedimentary petrology. Field research (terrain observation, rock description, litological study, geological mapping, sampling, measuring of boulder orientation). Laboratory research (granulometry, study of sedimentary rocks in thin sections, mineralogical analysis, determination of insoluble part of sample, cathode luminescence, fluorescent microscopy, X-ray methods, temperature analysis, infrared spectroscopy, chemical analysis, study of physical properties of sediments). Result processing (grain scales, granularity analysis, statistical data, graphical presentation).
Characterization and occurrence of rock-forming minerals in main types of sedimentary rocks. Textures and structures of sedimentary rocks - summary of primary types.
The origin of sedimentary rocks (Weathering. Transport, Sedimentation, Diagenesis of sediments). Classification and terminology of sedimentary rocks, qualitative and quantitative classification systems. Basic types of sedimentary rocks - composition, structure and petrogenesis.

Literature

recommended literature

Raymond, L.,A., The study of igneous, sedimentary and methamorphic rocks. WCB:London 1995, 742p. ISBN 0-697-00190-3
GREGEROVÁ, Miroslava. Poznávání hornin. 1. vyd. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 1998, 153 s. ISBN 8021018380. info
HALL, Anthony. Igneous petrology. 2nd ed. Essex: Longman Group, 1996, xiv, 551. ISBN 0582230802. info
GREGEROVÁ, Miroslava, Miloslav SUK and Dušan HOVORKA. Geochemie geologických procesů v litosféře. II. Metody a interpretace. (Geochemistry of the geological processes in the lithosphere. II. Methods and interpretations.). 1995th ed. Brno: Masarykova univerzita Brno, 1995, 148 pp. Učební texty přírodovědecké fakulty MU. ISBN 80-210-1270-6. info
SKOČEK, Vladimír. Petrologie sedimentů. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, 1993, 130 s. info
BLATT, Harvey. Sedimentary petrology. 2nd ed. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1992, 514 s. ISBN 0-7167-2273-9. info
GREGEROVÁ, Miroslava. Návrh k pojmenování a klasifikaci metamorfovaných hornin. Edited by Miloš Suk. Praha: Gabriel, 1991, 186 s. ISBN 80-900332-6-1. info
STANĚK, Josef and Miroslava GREGEROVÁ. Fyzikální a optické vlastnosti horninotvorných minerálů. Vyd. 1. Brno: Univerzita J.E. Purkyně, Fakulta přírodovědecká., 1984, 51 s. info