| SCHOLZ, Stefan, Erika SELA, Luděk BLÁHA, Thomas BRAUNBECK, Malyka GALAY-BURGOS, Mauricio GARCIA-FRANCO, Joaquin GUINEA, Nils KLUEVER, Kristin SCHIRMER, Katrin TANNEBERGER, Marysia TOBOR-KAPLON, Hilda WITTERS, Scott BELANGER, Emilio BENFENATI, Stuart CRETON, Mark T D CRONIN, Rik I L EGGEN, Michelle EMBRY, Drew EKMAN, Anne GOURMELON, Marlies HALDER, Barry HARDY, Thomas HARTUNG, Bruno HUBESCH, Dirk JUNGMANN, Mark A LAMPI, Lucy LEE, Marc LEONARD, Eberhard KUESTER, Adam LILLICRAP, Till LUCKENBACH, Albertinka J MURK, Jose M NAVAS, Willie PEIJNENBURG, Guillermo REPETTO, Edward SALINAS, Gerrit SCHUEUERMANN, Horst SPIELMANN, Knut Erik TOLLEFSEN, Susanne WALTER-ROHDE, Graham WHALE, James R WHEELER a Matthew J WINTER. A European perspective on alternatives to animal testing for environmental hazard identification and risk assessment. REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY. SAN DIEGO: ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2013, roč. 67, č. 3, s. 506-530. ISSN 0273-2300. Dostupné z: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.10.003. |
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@article{1161544,
author = {Scholz, Stefan and Sela, Erika and Bláha, Luděk and Braunbeck, Thomas and GalayandBurgos, Malyka and GarciaandFranco, Mauricio and Guinea, Joaquin and Kluever, Nils and Schirmer, Kristin and Tanneberger, Katrin and ToborandKaplon, Marysia and Witters, Hilda and Belanger, Scott and Benfenati, Emilio and Creton, Stuart and Cronin, Mark T D and Eggen, Rik I L and Embry, Michelle and Ekman, Drew and Gourmelon, Anne and Halder, Marlies and Hardy, Barry and Hartung, Thomas and Hubesch, Bruno and Jungmann, Dirk and Lampi, Mark A and Lee, Lucy and Leonard, Marc and Kuester, Eberhard and Lillicrap, Adam and Luckenbach, Till and Murk, Albertinka J and Navas, Jose M and Peijnenburg, Willie and Repetto, Guillermo and Salinas, Edward and Schueuermann, Gerrit and Spielmann, Horst and Tollefsen, Knut Erik and WalterandRohde, Susanne and Whale, Graham and Wheeler, James R and Winter, Matthew J},
article_location = {SAN DIEGO},
article_number = {3},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.10.003},
keywords = {Cell lines; 3Rs; QSAR; Read-across; Exposure-based waiving; Fish embryo test; Acute toxicity; Chronic toxicity; Endocrine disruption; Bioconcentration},
language = {eng},
issn = {0273-2300},
journal = {REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY},
title = {A European perspective on alternatives to animal testing for environmental hazard identification and risk assessment},
volume = {67},
year = {2013}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 1161544
AU - Scholz, Stefan - Sela, Erika - Bláha, Luděk - Braunbeck, Thomas - Galay-Burgos, Malyka - Garcia-Franco, Mauricio - Guinea, Joaquin - Kluever, Nils - Schirmer, Kristin - Tanneberger, Katrin - Tobor-Kaplon, Marysia - Witters, Hilda - Belanger, Scott - Benfenati, Emilio - Creton, Stuart - Cronin, Mark T D - Eggen, Rik I L - Embry, Michelle - Ekman, Drew - Gourmelon, Anne - Halder, Marlies - Hardy, Barry - Hartung, Thomas - Hubesch, Bruno - Jungmann, Dirk - Lampi, Mark A - Lee, Lucy - Leonard, Marc - Kuester, Eberhard - Lillicrap, Adam - Luckenbach, Till - Murk, Albertinka J - Navas, Jose M - Peijnenburg, Willie - Repetto, Guillermo - Salinas, Edward - Schueuermann, Gerrit - Spielmann, Horst - Tollefsen, Knut Erik - Walter-Rohde, Susanne - Whale, Graham - Wheeler, James R - Winter, Matthew J
PY - 2013
TI - A European perspective on alternatives to animal testing for environmental hazard identification and risk assessment
JF - REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
VL - 67
IS - 3
SP - 506-530
EP - 506-530
PB - ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
SN - 02732300
KW - Cell lines
KW - 3Rs
KW - QSAR
KW - Read-across
KW - Exposure-based waiving
KW - Fish embryo test
KW - Acute toxicity
KW - Chronic toxicity
KW - Endocrine disruption
KW - Bioconcentration
N2 - Tests with vertebrates are an integral part of environmental hazard identification and risk assessment of chemicals, plant protection products, pharmaceuticals, biocides, feed additives and effluents. These tests raise ethical and economic concerns and are considered as inappropriate for assessing all of the substances and effluents that require regulatory testing. Hence, there is a strong demand for replacement, reduction and refinement strategies and methods. However, until now alternative approaches have only rarely been used in regulatory settings. This review provides an overview on current regulations of chemicals and the requirements for animal tests in environmental hazard and risk assessment. It aims to highlight the potential areas for alternative approaches in environmental hazard identification and risk assessment. Perspectives and limitations of alternative approaches to animal tests using vertebrates in environmental toxicology, i.e. mainly fish and amphibians, are discussed. Free access to existing (proprietary) animal test data, availability of validated alternative methods and a practical implementation of conceptual approaches such as the Adverse Outcome Pathways and Integrated Testing Strategies were identified as major requirements towards the successful development and implementation of alternative approaches. Although this article focusses on European regulations, its considerations and conclusions are of global relevance.
ER -
SCHOLZ, Stefan, Erika SELA, Luděk BLÁHA, Thomas BRAUNBECK, Malyka GALAY-BURGOS, Mauricio GARCIA-FRANCO, Joaquin GUINEA, Nils KLUEVER, Kristin SCHIRMER, Katrin TANNEBERGER, Marysia TOBOR-KAPLON, Hilda WITTERS, Scott BELANGER, Emilio BENFENATI, Stuart CRETON, Mark T D CRONIN, Rik I L EGGEN, Michelle EMBRY, Drew EKMAN, Anne GOURMELON, Marlies HALDER, Barry HARDY, Thomas HARTUNG, Bruno HUBESCH, Dirk JUNGMANN, Mark A LAMPI, Lucy LEE, Marc LEONARD, Eberhard KUESTER, Adam LILLICRAP, Till LUCKENBACH, Albertinka J MURK, Jose M NAVAS, Willie PEIJNENBURG, Guillermo REPETTO, Edward SALINAS, Gerrit SCHUEUERMANN, Horst SPIELMANN, Knut Erik TOLLEFSEN, Susanne WALTER-ROHDE, Graham WHALE, James R WHEELER a Matthew J WINTER. A European perspective on alternatives to animal testing for environmental hazard identification and risk assessment. \textit{REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY}. SAN DIEGO: ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2013, roč.~67, č.~3, s.~506-530. ISSN~0273-2300. Dostupné z: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.10.003.
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