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@article{1312431,
author = {Maďari, Aladár and Farbaková, Jana and Katina, Stanislav and Smolek, Tomas and Novak, Petr and Weissova, Tatiana and Novak, Michal and Zilka, Norbert},
article_number = {OCTOBER},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2015.08.034},
keywords = {Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome; Canine dementia; Mild cognitive impairment; Annual conversion rate; Staging},
language = {eng},
issn = {0168-1591},
journal = {Applem Animal Behaviour Science},
title = {Assessment of severity and progression of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome using the CAnine DEmentia Scale (CADES)},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159115002373},
volume = {171},
year = {2015}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 1312431
AU - Maďari, Aladár - Farbaková, Jana - Katina, Stanislav - Smolek, Tomas - Novak, Petr - Weissova, Tatiana - Novak, Michal - Zilka, Norbert
PY - 2015
TI - Assessment of severity and progression of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome using the CAnine DEmentia Scale (CADES)
JF - Applem Animal Behaviour Science
VL - 171
IS - OCTOBER
SP - 138-145
EP - 138-145
PB - Elsevier
SN - 01681591
KW - Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome
KW - Canine dementia
KW - Mild cognitive impairment
KW - Annual conversion rate
KW - Staging
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159115002373
L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159115002373
N2 - Cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) represents a group of symptoms related to the aging of the canine brain. These changes ultimately lead to a decline of memory function and learning abilities, alteration of social interaction, impairment of normal housetraining, changes in sleep–wake cycle and general activity. The initial symptoms gradually worsen over time. Despite extensive research, little is known about the staging and phenotypic variability of CDS. We have analysed more than 300 dogs; 215 were selected for the study. We developed a rating scale, CADES – canine dementia scale – containing 17 items distributed into four domains, related to changes in dogs’ behaviour: spatial orientation, social interactions, sleep–wake cycles and house soiling. Using CADES, we identified various stages of cognitive impairment: mild cognitive impairment, moderate cognitive impairment and severe cognitive dysfunction. Further, we found that the rate of conversion at 6-months follow-up of normal ageing to mild cognitive impairment was 42%, while conversion rate of mild to moderate cognitive impairment was 24%. At twelve months, the conversion rates almost doubled to 71.45% and 50%, respectively. These findings showed that CADES can be used as a predictor of conversion from normal ageing to mild, and from mild to moderate cognitive impairment. In regards to the four behavioural domains we found that impairment in social interaction was frequently present in dogs with mild cognitive impairment (40%), 67% of dogs with moderate cognitive impairment had affected social interaction and sleep–wake cycles. For severe cognitive dysfunction, the majority of dogs displayed impairment in all four domains, while other two subgroups showed impairment only in three domains. In this study, we have assessed the psychometric properties of the CADES scale, and validated it as a screening tool for CDS. The scale is also suitable for long-term assessment of the progression of cognitive impairment in canines, and potentially as efficacy readout for treatments.
ER -
MAĎARI, Aladár, Jana FARBAKOVÁ, Stanislav KATINA, Tomas SMOLEK, Petr NOVAK, Tatiana WEISSOVA, Michal NOVAK and Norbert ZILKA. Assessment of severity and progression of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome using the CAnine DEmentia Scale (CADES). \textit{Applem Animal Behaviour Science}. Elsevier, 2015, vol.~171, OCTOBER, p.~138-145. ISSN~0168-1591. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2015.08.034.
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