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@article{1322425,
author = {Smith, Jeffrey Alan},
article_location = {Praha},
article_number = {48},
keywords = {Ralph Waldo Emerson; Bible; United States; Nineteenth-century literature; Joseph Smith; William Miller; Walt Whitman},
language = {eng},
issn = {0862-8424},
journal = {Litteraria Pragensia},
title = {These Desponding Days : Emerson and America's Crisis of Textual Authority},
url = {http://litteraria-pragensia.ff.cuni.cz/front.issue/detail/50},
volume = {24},
year = {2014}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 1322425
AU - Smith, Jeffrey Alan
PY - 2014
TI - These Desponding Days : Emerson and America's Crisis of Textual Authority
JF - Litteraria Pragensia
VL - 24
IS - 48
SP - 79-93
EP - 79-93
PB - Ústav anglofonních literatur a kultur FF UK
SN - 08628424
KW - Ralph Waldo Emerson
KW - Bible
KW - United States
KW - Nineteenth-century literature
KW - Joseph Smith
KW - William Miller
KW - Walt Whitman
UR - http://litteraria-pragensia.ff.cuni.cz/front.issue/detail/50
L2 - http://litteraria-pragensia.ff.cuni.cz/front.issue/detail/50
N2 - Americans in the era of the Second Great Awakening faced a problem intrinsic to Protestantism: the difficulty of grounding authority in a sacred text. Ralph Waldo Emerson's emergence from Unitarian circles immediately followed three native-born religious movements, each of which had focused on one aspect of that problem. William Miller's Adventism responded to doubt; Alexander Campbell's Restorationism took aim at sectarian disagreement; and Joseph Smith's Mormonism vividly sought to overcome dullness. Re-reading and even rewriting the Bible in increasingly radical ways, these movements represented three of the logically possible answers to the self-contradictions of textual authority. This essay argues for seeing Emerson's Transcendentalism as a fourth way. What linked this movement both to Unitarian controversy and romantic idealism, on the one hand, and on the other to the modern creation of a new, secular literary "canon" of America's own, was its immersion in biblical and textual anxieties. Recovering and re-employing the spirit behind the ancient sacred books, Transcendentalists insisted on rethinking not just the Bible but text-based authority as such – and like the other movements, they did this to counter a particular problem: in their case, an array of modern ills that Emerson summed up in the word "desponding."
ER -
SMITH, Jeffrey Alan. These Desponding Days : Emerson and America's Crisis of Textual Authority. \textit{Litteraria Pragensia}. Praha: Ústav anglofonních literatur a kultur FF UK, 2014, roč.~24, č.~48, s.~79-93. ISSN~0862-8424.
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