Anatomy of the Human Visual Pathway

C 2017

Anatomy of the Human Visual Pathway

JOUKAL, Marek

Základní údaje

Originální název

Anatomy of the Human Visual Pathway

Autoři

JOUKAL, Marek

Vydání

Cham, Homonymous Visual Field Defects, od s. 1-16, 16 s. 2017

Nakladatel

Springer International Publishing AG

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Kapitola resp. kapitoly v odborné knize

Obor

30000 3. Medical and Health Sciences

Stát vydavatele

Švýcarsko

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Forma vydání

tištěná verze "print"

Organizační jednotka

Lékařská fakulta

ISBN

978-3-319-52282-1

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52284-5_1

Klíčová slova anglicky

Visual pathway; Vascularization; Pathophysiology; Retina; Optic nerve; Optic chiasm; Optic tract; Lateral geniculate; Optic radiation; Striatecortex; Extrastriate cortex

Štítky

EL OK, topvydavatel

Změněno: 26. 2. 2018 17:07, Soňa Böhmová

Anotace

V originále

Vision is the primary sense in humans. There are approximately one million axons in the optic nerve, constituting almost 40% of the total number of axons in all cranial nerves. The primary sensors for sight are the 130 million rods and seven million cones found in the retina. With the release of glutamate, they transform electromagnetic waves of light with a wavelength between 400 and 700 nm to graded changes of the membrane potential. The signal from photoreceptors continues to the bipolar cells and then to the retinal ganglion cells. Their axons pass through the optic nerve, the optic chiasm, form the optic tract, and reach the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus. The axons coming from the nasal hemiretina are crossed in the optic chiasm, while axons from the temporal hemiretina stay uncrossed. Neurons of the lateral geniculate body send their axons to the optic radiation and terminate in the primary visual cortex - the striate area in the ipsilateral occipital lobe where the first analysis of visual information is performed. Further processing takes place in extrastriate visual areas in the occipital, parietal, and tem- poral lobes. The visual pathway shows a precise retinotopical organiza- tion at all levels that gives the anatomical background for symptoms when some part of optic pathway is damaged.

Citovat

JOUKAL, Marek. Anatomy of the Human Visual Pathway. In Karolína Skorkovská. Homonymous Visual Field Defects. Cham: Springer International Publishing AG, 2017, s. 1-16. ISBN 978-3-319-52282-1. Dostupné z: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52284-5_1.

@inbook{1386640,
   author = {Joukal, Marek},
   address = {Cham},
   booktitle = {Homonymous Visual Field Defects},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52284-5_1},
   editor = {Karolína Skorkovská},
   keywords = {Visual pathway; Vascularization; Pathophysiology; Retina; Optic nerve; Optic chiasm; Optic tract; Lateral geniculate; Optic radiation; Striatecortex; Extrastriate cortex},
   howpublished = {tištěná verze "print"},
   language = {eng},
   location = {Cham},
   isbn = {978-3-319-52282-1},
   pages = {1-16},
   publisher = {Springer International Publishing AG},
   title = {Anatomy of the Human Visual Pathway},
   year = {2017}
}

TY  - CHAP
ID  - 1386640
AU  - Joukal, Marek
PY  - 2017
TI  - Anatomy of the Human Visual Pathway
VL  - Neuveden
PB  - Springer International Publishing AG
CY  - Cham
SN  - 9783319522821
KW  - Visual pathway
KW  - Vascularization
KW  - Pathophysiology
KW  - Retina
KW  - Optic nerve
KW  - Optic chiasm
KW  - Optic tract
KW  - Lateral geniculate
KW  - Optic radiation
KW  - Striatecortex
KW  - Extrastriate cortex
N2  - Vision is the primary sense in humans. There are approximately one million axons in the optic nerve, constituting almost 40% of the total number of axons in all cranial nerves. The primary sensors for sight are the 130 million rods and seven million cones found in the retina. With the release of glutamate, they transform electromagnetic waves of light with a wavelength between 400 and 700 nm to graded changes of the membrane potential. The signal from photoreceptors continues to the bipolar cells and then to the retinal ganglion cells. Their axons pass through the optic nerve, the optic chiasm, form the optic tract, and reach the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus. The axons coming from the nasal hemiretina are crossed in the optic chiasm, while axons from the temporal hemiretina stay uncrossed. Neurons of the lateral geniculate body send their axons to the optic radiation and terminate in the primary visual cortex - the striate area in the ipsilateral occipital lobe where the first analysis of visual information is performed. Further processing takes place in extrastriate visual areas in the occipital, parietal, and tem- poral lobes. The visual pathway shows a precise retinotopical organiza- tion at all levels that gives the anatomical background for symptoms when some part of optic pathway is damaged.
ER  -

JOUKAL, Marek. Anatomy of the Human Visual Pathway. In Karolína Skorkovská. \textit{Homonymous Visual Field Defects}. Cham: Springer International Publishing AG, 2017, s.~1-16. ISBN~978-3-319-52282-1. Dostupné z: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52284-5\_{}1.

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