Temperature structure in the Perseus cluster core observed with
Hitomi

AHARONIAN, F., H. AKAMATSU, F. AKIMOTO, S.W. ALLEN, L. ANGELINI, M. AUDARD, H. AWAKI, M. AXELSSON, A. BAMBA, M.W. BAUTZ, R. BLANDFORD, L.W. BRENNEMAN, GV. BROWN, E. BULBUL, EM. CACKETT, M. CHERNYAKOVA, MP. CHIAO, PS. COPPI, E. COSTANTINI, J. DE PLAA, C.P. DE VRIES, J.W. DEN HERDER, C. DONE, T. DOTANI, K. EBISAWA, ME. ECKART, T. ENOTO, Y. EZOE, A.C. FABIAN, C. FERRIGNO, AR. FOSTER, R. FUJIMOTO, Y. FUKAZAWA, M. FURUKAWA, A. FURUZAWA, M. GALEAZZI, L.C. GALLO, P. GANDHI, M. GIUSTINI, A. GOLDWURM, Gu LY, M. GUAINAZZI, Y. HABA, K. HAGINO, K. HAMAGUCHI, IM. HARRUS, I. HATSUKADE, K. HAYASHI, T. HAYASHI, K. HAYASHIDA, JS. HIRAGA, A. HORNSCHEMEIER, A. HOSHINO, J.P. HUGHES, Y. ICHINOHE, R. IIZUKA, H. INOUE, Y. INOUE, M. ISHIDA, K. ISHIKAWA, Y. ISHISAKI, M. IWAI, J. KAASTRA, T. KALLMAN, T. KAMAE, J. KATAOKA, Y. KATO, S. KATSUDA, N. KAWAI, R.L. KELLEY, C.A. KILBOURNE, T. KITAGUCHI, S. KITAMOTO, T. KITAYAMA, T. KOHMURA, M. KOKUBUN, K. KOYAMA, S. KOYAMA, P. KRETSCHMAR, HA. KRIMM, A. KUBOTA, H. KUNIEDA, P. LAURENT, SH. LEE, MA. LEUTENEGGER, O. LIMOUSIN, M. LOEWENSTEIN, KS. LONG, D. LUMB, G. MADEJSKI, Y. MAEDA, D. MAIER, K. MAKISHIMA, M. MARKEVITCH, H. MATSUMOTO, K. MATSUSHITA, D. MCCAMMON, B.R. MCNAMARA, M. MEHDIPOUR, ED. MILLER, JM. MILLER, S. MINESHIGE, K. MITSUDA, I. MITSUISHI, T. MIYAZAWA, T. MIZUNO, H. MORI, K. MORI, K. MUKAI, H. MURAKAMI, R.F. MUSHOTZKY, T. NAKAGAWA, H. NAKAJIMA, T. NAKAMORI, S. NAKASHIMA, K. NAKAZAWA, KK. NORUKAWA, M. NOBUKAWA, H. NODA, H. ODAKA, T. OHASHI, M. OHNO, T. OKAJIMA, N. OTA, M. OZAKI, F. PAERELS, S. PALTANI, R. PETRE, C. PINTO, FS. PORTER, K. POTTSCHMIDT, C.S. REYNOLDS, S. SAFI-HARB, S. SAITO, K. SAKAI, T. SASAKI, G. SATO, K. SATO, R. SATO, M. SAWADA, N. SCHARTEL, P.J. SERLEMITSOS, H. SETA, M. SHIDATSU, A. SIMIONESCU, RK. SMITH, Y. SOONG, L. STAWARZ, Y. SUGAWARA, S. SUGITA, A. SZYMKOWIAK, H. TAJIMA, H. TAKAHASHI, T. TAKAHASHI, S. TAKEDA, Y. TAKEI, T. TAMAGAWA, T. TAMURA, T. TANAKA, Y. TANAKA, YT. TANAKA, MS. TASHIRO, Y. TAWARA, Y. TERADA, Y. TERASHIMA, F. TOMBESI, H. TOMIDA, Y. TSUBOI, M. TSUJIMOTO, H. TSUNEMI, TG. TSURU, H. UCHIDA, H. UCHIYAMA, Y. UCHIYAMA, S. UEDA, Y. UEDA, S. UNO, C.M. URRY, E. URSINO, S. WATANABE, Norbert WERNER, DR. WILKINS, BJ. WILLIAMS, S. YAMADA, H. YAMAGUCHI, K. YAMAOKA, NY. YAMASAKI, M. YAMAUCHI, S. YAMAUCHI, T. YAQOOB, Y. YATSU, D. YONETOKU, I. ZHURAVLEVA and A. ZOGHBI. Temperature structure in the Perseus cluster core observed with Hitomi. PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN. OXFORD: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2018, vol. 70, No 2, p. "11-1"-"11-30", 30 pp. ISSN 0004-6264. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psy004.

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@article{1440377,
   author = {Aharonian, F. and Akamatsu, H. and Akimoto, F. and Allen, S.W. and Angelini, L. and Audard, M. and Awaki, H. and Axelsson, M. and Bamba, A. and Bautz, M.W. and Blandford, R. and Brenneman, L.W. and Brown, GV. and Bulbul, E. and Cackett, EM. and Chernyakova, M. and Chiao, MP. and Coppi, PS. and Costantini, E. and de Plaa, J. and de Vries, C.P. and den Herder, J.W. and Done, C. and Dotani, T. and Ebisawa, K. and Eckart, ME. and Enoto, T. and Ezoe, Y. and Fabian, A.C. and Ferrigno, C. and Foster, AR. and Fujimoto, R. and Fukazawa, Y. and Furukawa, M. and Furuzawa, A. and Galeazzi, M. and Gallo, L.C. and Gandhi, P. and Giustini, M. and Goldwurm, A. and LY, Gu and Guainazzi, M. and Haba, Y. and Hagino, K. and Hamaguchi, K. and Harrus, IM. and Hatsukade, I. and Hayashi, K. and Hayashi, T. and Hayashida, K. and Hiraga, JS. and Hornschemeier, A. and Hoshino, A. and Hughes, J.P. and Ichinohe, Y. and Iizuka, R. and Inoue, H. and Inoue, Y. and Ishida, M. and Ishikawa, K. and Ishisaki, Y. and Iwai, M. and Kaastra, J. and Kallman, T. and Kamae, T. and Kataoka, J. and Kato, Y. and Katsuda, S. and Kawai, N. and Kelley, R.L. and Kilbourne, C.A. and Kitaguchi, T. and Kitamoto, S. and Kitayama, T. and Kohmura, T. and Kokubun, M. and Koyama, K. and Koyama, S. and Kretschmar, P. and Krimm, HA. and Kubota, A. and Kunieda, H. and Laurent, P. and Lee, SH. and Leutenegger, MA. and Limousin, O. and Loewenstein, M. and Long, KS. and Lumb, D. and Madejski, G. and Maeda, Y. and Maier, D. and Makishima, K. and Markevitch, M. and Matsumoto, H. and Matsushita, K. and McCammon, D. and McNamara, B.R. and Mehdipour, M. and Miller, ED. and Miller, JM. and Mineshige, S. and Mitsuda, K. and Mitsuishi, I. and Miyazawa, T. and Mizuno, T. and Mori, H. and Mori, K. and Mukai, K. and Murakami, H. and Mushotzky, R.F. and Nakagawa, T. and Nakajima, H. and Nakamori, T. and Nakashima, S. and Nakazawa, K. and Norukawa, KK. and Nobukawa, M. and Noda, H. and Odaka, H. and Ohashi, T. and Ohno, M. and Okajima, T. and Ota, N. and Ozaki, M. and Paerels, F. and Paltani, S. and Petre, R. and Pinto, C. and Porter, FS. and Pottschmidt, K. and Reynolds, C.S. and SafiandHarb, S. and Saito, S. and Sakai, K. and Sasaki, T. and Sato, G. and Sato, K. and Sato, R. and Sawada, M. and Schartel, N. and Serlemitsos, P.J. and Seta, H. and Shidatsu, M. and Simionescu, A. and Smith, RK. and Soong, Y. and Stawarz, L. and Sugawara, Y. and Sugita, S. and Szymkowiak, A. and Tajima, H. and Takahashi, H. and Takahashi, T. and Takeda, S. and Takei, Y. and Tamagawa, T. and Tamura, T. and Tanaka, T. and Tanaka, Y. and Tanaka, YT. and Tashiro, MS. and Tawara, Y. and Terada, Y. and Terashima, Y. and Tombesi, F. and Tomida, H. and Tsuboi, Y. and Tsujimoto, M. and Tsunemi, H. and Tsuru, TG. and Uchida, H. and Uchiyama, H. and Uchiyama, Y. and Ueda, S. and Ueda, Y. and Uno, S. and Urry, C.M. and Ursino, E. and Watanabe, S. and Werner, Norbert and Wilkins, DR. and Williams, BJ. and Yamada, S. and Yamaguchi, H. and Yamaoka, K. and Yamasaki, NY. and Yamauchi, M. and Yamauchi, S. and Yaqoob, T. and Yatsu, Y. and Yonetoku, D. and Zhuravleva, I. and Zoghbi, A.},
   article_location = {OXFORD},
   article_number = {2},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psy004},
   keywords = {galaxies: clusters: individual (Perseus); methods: observational; X-rays: galaxies: clusters},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0004-6264},
   journal = {PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN},
   title = {Temperature structure in the Perseus cluster core observed with Hitomi},
   url = {https://academic.oup.com/pasj/article/70/2/11/4969735},
   volume = {70},
   year = {2018}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1440377
AU  - Aharonian, F. - Akamatsu, H. - Akimoto, F. - Allen, S.W. - Angelini, L. - Audard, M. - Awaki, H. - Axelsson, M. - Bamba, A. - Bautz, M.W. - Blandford, R. - Brenneman, L.W. - Brown, GV. - Bulbul, E. - Cackett, EM. - Chernyakova, M. - Chiao, MP. - Coppi, PS. - Costantini, E. - de Plaa, J. - de Vries, C.P. - den Herder, J.W. - Done, C. - Dotani, T. - Ebisawa, K. - Eckart, ME. - Enoto, T. - Ezoe, Y. - Fabian, A.C. - Ferrigno, C. - Foster, AR. - Fujimoto, R. - Fukazawa, Y. - Furukawa, M. - Furuzawa, A. - Galeazzi, M. - Gallo, L.C. - Gandhi, P. - Giustini, M. - Goldwurm, A. - LY, Gu - Guainazzi, M. - Haba, Y. - Hagino, K. - Hamaguchi, K. - Harrus, IM. - Hatsukade, I. - Hayashi, K. - Hayashi, T. - Hayashida, K. - Hiraga, JS. - Hornschemeier, A. - Hoshino, A. - Hughes, J.P. - Ichinohe, Y. - Iizuka, R. - Inoue, H. - Inoue, Y. - Ishida, M. - Ishikawa, K. - Ishisaki, Y. - Iwai, M. - Kaastra, J. - Kallman, T. - Kamae, T. - Kataoka, J. - Kato, Y. - Katsuda, S. - Kawai, N. - Kelley, R.L. - Kilbourne, C.A. - Kitaguchi, T. - Kitamoto, S. - Kitayama, T. - Kohmura, T. - Kokubun, M. - Koyama, K. - Koyama, S. - Kretschmar, P. - Krimm, HA. - Kubota, A. - Kunieda, H. - Laurent, P. - Lee, SH. - Leutenegger, MA. - Limousin, O. - Loewenstein, M. - Long, KS. - Lumb, D. - Madejski, G. - Maeda, Y. - Maier, D. - Makishima, K. - Markevitch, M. - Matsumoto, H. - Matsushita, K. - McCammon, D. - McNamara, B.R. - Mehdipour, M. - Miller, ED. - Miller, JM. - Mineshige, S. - Mitsuda, K. - Mitsuishi, I. - Miyazawa, T. - Mizuno, T. - Mori, H. - Mori, K. - Mukai, K. - Murakami, H. - Mushotzky, R.F. - Nakagawa, T. - Nakajima, H. - Nakamori, T. - Nakashima, S. - Nakazawa, K. - Norukawa, KK. - Nobukawa, M. - Noda, H. - Odaka, H. - Ohashi, T. - Ohno, M. - Okajima, T. - Ota, N. - Ozaki, M. - Paerels, F. - Paltani, S. - Petre, R. - Pinto, C. - Porter, FS. - Pottschmidt, K. - Reynolds, C.S. - Safi-Harb, S. - Saito, S. - Sakai, K. - Sasaki, T. - Sato, G. - Sato, K. - Sato, R. - Sawada, M. - Schartel, N. - Serlemitsos, P.J. - Seta, H. - Shidatsu, M. - Simionescu, A. - Smith, RK. - Soong, Y. - Stawarz, L. - Sugawara, Y. - Sugita, S. - Szymkowiak, A. - Tajima, H. - Takahashi, H. - Takahashi, T. - Takeda, S. - Takei, Y. - Tamagawa, T. - Tamura, T. - Tanaka, T. - Tanaka, Y. - Tanaka, YT. - Tashiro, MS. - Tawara, Y. - Terada, Y. - Terashima, Y. - Tombesi, F. - Tomida, H. - Tsuboi, Y. - Tsujimoto, M. - Tsunemi, H. - Tsuru, TG. - Uchida, H. - Uchiyama, H. - Uchiyama, Y. - Ueda, S. - Ueda, Y. - Uno, S. - Urry, C.M. - Ursino, E. - Watanabe, S. - Werner, Norbert - Wilkins, DR. - Williams, BJ. - Yamada, S. - Yamaguchi, H. - Yamaoka, K. - Yamasaki, NY. - Yamauchi, M. - Yamauchi, S. - Yaqoob, T. - Yatsu, Y. - Yonetoku, D. - Zhuravleva, I. - Zoghbi, A.
PY  - 2018
TI  - Temperature structure in the Perseus cluster core observed with Hitomi
JF  - PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
VL  - 70
IS  - 2
SP  - "11-1"-"11-30"
EP  - "11-1"-"11-30"
PB  - OXFORD UNIV PRESS
SN  - 00046264
KW  - galaxies: clusters: individual (Perseus)
KW  - methods: observational
KW  - X-rays: galaxies: clusters
UR  - https://academic.oup.com/pasj/article/70/2/11/4969735
N2  - The present paper explains the temperature structure of X-ray emitting plasma in the core of the Perseus cluster based on 1.8-20.0 keV data obtained with the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) on board the Hitomi Observatory. A series of four observations was carried out, with a total effective exposure time of 338 ks that covered a central region of similar to 7' in diameter. SXS was operated with an energy resolution of similar to 5 eV (full width at half maximum) at 5.9 keV. Not only fine structures of K-shell lines in He-like ions, but also transitions from higher principal quantum numbers were clearly resolved from Si through Fe. That enabled us to perform temperature diagnostics using the line ratios of Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe, and to provide the first direct measurement of the excitation temperature and ionization temperature in the Perseus cluster. The observed spectrum is roughly reproduced by a single-temperature thermal plasma model in collisional ionization equilibrium, but detailed line-ratio diagnostics reveal slight deviations from this approximation. In particular, the data exhibit an apparent trend of increasing ionization temperature with the atomic mass, as well as small differences between the ionization and excitation temperatures for Fe, the only element for which both temperatures could be measured. The best-fit two-temperature models suggest a combination of 3 and 5 keV gas, which is consistent with the idea that the observed small deviations from a single-temperature approximation are due to the effects of projecting the known radial temperature gradient in the cluster core along the line of sight. A comparison with the Chandra/ACIS and the XMM-Newton/RGS results, on the other hand, suggests that additional lower-temperature components are present in the intracluster medium (ICM), but not detectable with Hitomi/SXS giving its 1.8-20 keV energy band.
ER  -

AHARONIAN, F., H. AKAMATSU, F. AKIMOTO, S.W. ALLEN, L. ANGELINI, M. AUDARD, H. AWAKI, M. AXELSSON, A. BAMBA, M.W. BAUTZ, R. BLANDFORD, L.W. BRENNEMAN, GV. BROWN, E. BULBUL, EM. CACKETT, M. CHERNYAKOVA, MP. CHIAO, PS. COPPI, E. COSTANTINI, J. DE PLAA, C.P. DE VRIES, J.W. DEN HERDER, C. DONE, T. DOTANI, K. EBISAWA, ME. ECKART, T. ENOTO, Y. EZOE, A.C. FABIAN, C. FERRIGNO, AR. FOSTER, R. FUJIMOTO, Y. FUKAZAWA, M. FURUKAWA, A. FURUZAWA, M. GALEAZZI, L.C. GALLO, P. GANDHI, M. GIUSTINI, A. GOLDWURM, Gu LY, M. GUAINAZZI, Y. HABA, K. HAGINO, K. HAMAGUCHI, IM. HARRUS, I. HATSUKADE, K. HAYASHI, T. HAYASHI, K. HAYASHIDA, JS. HIRAGA, A. HORNSCHEMEIER, A. HOSHINO, J.P. HUGHES, Y. ICHINOHE, R. IIZUKA, H. INOUE, Y. INOUE, M. ISHIDA, K. ISHIKAWA, Y. ISHISAKI, M. IWAI, J. KAASTRA, T. KALLMAN, T. KAMAE, J. KATAOKA, Y. KATO, S. KATSUDA, N. KAWAI, R.L. KELLEY, C.A. KILBOURNE, T. KITAGUCHI, S. KITAMOTO, T. KITAYAMA, T. KOHMURA, M. KOKUBUN, K. KOYAMA, S. KOYAMA, P. KRETSCHMAR, HA. KRIMM, A. KUBOTA, H. KUNIEDA, P. LAURENT, SH. LEE, MA. LEUTENEGGER, O. LIMOUSIN, M. LOEWENSTEIN, KS. LONG, D. LUMB, G. MADEJSKI, Y. MAEDA, D. MAIER, K. MAKISHIMA, M. MARKEVITCH, H. MATSUMOTO, K. MATSUSHITA, D. MCCAMMON, B.R. MCNAMARA, M. MEHDIPOUR, ED. MILLER, JM. MILLER, S. MINESHIGE, K. MITSUDA, I. MITSUISHI, T. MIYAZAWA, T. MIZUNO, H. MORI, K. MORI, K. MUKAI, H. MURAKAMI, R.F. MUSHOTZKY, T. NAKAGAWA, H. NAKAJIMA, T. NAKAMORI, S. NAKASHIMA, K. NAKAZAWA, KK. NORUKAWA, M. NOBUKAWA, H. NODA, H. ODAKA, T. OHASHI, M. OHNO, T. OKAJIMA, N. OTA, M. OZAKI, F. PAERELS, S. PALTANI, R. PETRE, C. PINTO, FS. PORTER, K. POTTSCHMIDT, C.S. REYNOLDS, S. SAFI-HARB, S. SAITO, K. SAKAI, T. SASAKI, G. SATO, K. SATO, R. SATO, M. SAWADA, N. SCHARTEL, P.J. SERLEMITSOS, H. SETA, M. SHIDATSU, A. SIMIONESCU, RK. SMITH, Y. SOONG, L. STAWARZ, Y. SUGAWARA, S. SUGITA, A. SZYMKOWIAK, H. TAJIMA, H. TAKAHASHI, T. TAKAHASHI, S. TAKEDA, Y. TAKEI, T. TAMAGAWA, T. TAMURA, T. TANAKA, Y. TANAKA, YT. TANAKA, MS. TASHIRO, Y. TAWARA, Y. TERADA, Y. TERASHIMA, F. TOMBESI, H. TOMIDA, Y. TSUBOI, M. TSUJIMOTO, H. TSUNEMI, TG. TSURU, H. UCHIDA, H. UCHIYAMA, Y. UCHIYAMA, S. UEDA, Y. UEDA, S. UNO, C.M. URRY, E. URSINO, S. WATANABE, Norbert WERNER, DR. WILKINS, BJ. WILLIAMS, S. YAMADA, H. YAMAGUCHI, K. YAMAOKA, NY. YAMASAKI, M. YAMAUCHI, S. YAMAUCHI, T. YAQOOB, Y. YATSU, D. YONETOKU, I. ZHURAVLEVA and A. ZOGHBI. Temperature structure in the Perseus cluster core observed with Hitomi. \textit{PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN}. OXFORD: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2018, vol.~70, No~2, p.~''11-1''-''11-30'', 30 pp. ISSN~0004-6264. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psy004.

Basic information
Original name	Temperature structure in the Perseus cluster core observed with Hitomi
Authors	AHARONIAN, F. (276 Germany), H. AKAMATSU (528 Netherlands), F. AKIMOTO (840 United States of America), S.W. ALLEN (826 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), L. ANGELINI (380 Italy), M. AUDARD (840 United States of America), H. AWAKI (840 United States of America), M. AXELSSON (840 United States of America), A. BAMBA (840 United States of America), M.W. BAUTZ (840 United States of America), R. BLANDFORD (826 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), L.W. BRENNEMAN (840 United States of America), GV. BROWN (840 United States of America), E. BULBUL (840 United States of America), EM. CACKETT (840 United States of America), M. CHERNYAKOVA (840 United States of America), MP. CHIAO (840 United States of America), PS. COPPI (840 United States of America), E. COSTANTINI (380 Italy), J. DE PLAA (528 Netherlands), C.P. DE VRIES (528 Netherlands), J.W. DEN HERDER (528 Netherlands), C. DONE (826 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), T. DOTANI (840 United States of America), K. EBISAWA (840 United States of America), ME. ECKART (840 United States of America), T. ENOTO (840 United States of America), Y. EZOE (840 United States of America), A.C. FABIAN (826 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), C. FERRIGNO (380 Italy), AR. FOSTER (840 United States of America), R. FUJIMOTO (840 United States of America), Y. FUKAZAWA (840 United States of America), M. FURUKAWA (840 United States of America), A. FURUZAWA (840 United States of America), M. GALEAZZI (380 Italy), L.C. GALLO (380 Italy), P. GANDHI (826 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), M. GIUSTINI (380 Italy), A. GOLDWURM (840 United States of America), Gu LY (528 Netherlands), M. GUAINAZZI (380 Italy), Y. HABA (840 United States of America), K. HAGINO (840 United States of America), K. HAMAGUCHI (840 United States of America), IM. HARRUS (840 United States of America), I. HATSUKADE (840 United States of America), K. HAYASHI (840 United States of America), T. HAYASHI (840 United States of America), K. HAYASHIDA (840 United States of America), JS. HIRAGA (840 United States of America), A. HORNSCHEMEIER (840 United States of America), A. HOSHINO (840 United States of America), J.P. HUGHES (840 United States of America), Y. ICHINOHE (840 United States of America), R. IIZUKA (840 United States of America), H. INOUE (840 United States of America), Y. INOUE (840 United States of America), M. ISHIDA (840 United States of America), K. ISHIKAWA (840 United States of America), Y. ISHISAKI (840 United States of America), M. IWAI (840 United States of America), J. KAASTRA (528 Netherlands), T. KALLMAN (840 United States of America), T. KAMAE (840 United States of America), J. KATAOKA (840 United States of America), Y. KATO (840 United States of America), S. KATSUDA (840 United States of America), N. KAWAI (840 United States of America), R.L. KELLEY (840 United States of America), C.A. KILBOURNE (840 United States of America), T. KITAGUCHI (840 United States of America), S. KITAMOTO (840 United States of America), T. KITAYAMA (840 United States of America), T. KOHMURA (840 United States of America), M. KOKUBUN (840 United States of America), K. KOYAMA (840 United States of America), S. KOYAMA (840 United States of America), P. KRETSCHMAR (840 United States of America), HA. KRIMM (840 United States of America), A. KUBOTA (840 United States of America), H. KUNIEDA (840 United States of America), P. LAURENT (840 United States of America), SH. LEE (840 United States of America), MA. LEUTENEGGER (250 France), O. LIMOUSIN (250 France), M. LOEWENSTEIN (840 United States of America), KS. LONG (840 United States of America), D. LUMB (840 United States of America), G. MADEJSKI (616 Poland), Y. MAEDA (840 United States of America), D. MAIER (840 United States of America), K. MAKISHIMA (840 United States of America), M. MARKEVITCH (643 Russian Federation), H. MATSUMOTO (840 United States of America), K. MATSUSHITA (840 United States of America), D. MCCAMMON (840 United States of America), B.R. MCNAMARA (840 United States of America), M. MEHDIPOUR (528 Netherlands), ED. MILLER (840 United States of America), JM. MILLER (840 United States of America), S. MINESHIGE (840 United States of America), K. MITSUDA (840 United States of America), I. MITSUISHI (840 United States of America), T. MIYAZAWA (840 United States of America), T. MIZUNO (840 United States of America), H. MORI (840 United States of America), K. MORI (840 United States of America), K. MUKAI (840 United States of America), H. MURAKAMI (840 United States of America), R.F. MUSHOTZKY (840 United States of America), T. NAKAGAWA (840 United States of America), H. NAKAJIMA (840 United States of America), T. NAKAMORI (840 United States of America), S. NAKASHIMA (840 United States of America), K. NAKAZAWA (840 United States of America), KK. NORUKAWA (840 United States of America), M. NOBUKAWA (840 United States of America), H. NODA (840 United States of America), H. ODAKA (840 United States of America), T. OHASHI (840 United States of America), M. OHNO (840 United States of America), T. OKAJIMA (840 United States of America), N. OTA (840 United States of America), M. OZAKI (840 United States of America), F. PAERELS (528 Netherlands), S. PALTANI (840 United States of America), R. PETRE (840 United States of America), C. PINTO (380 Italy), FS. PORTER (840 United States of America), K. POTTSCHMIDT (840 United States of America), C.S. REYNOLDS (826 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), S. SAFI-HARB (840 United States of America), S. SAITO (840 United States of America), K. SAKAI (840 United States of America), T. SASAKI (840 United States of America), G. SATO (840 United States of America), K. SATO (840 United States of America), R. SATO (840 United States of America), M. SAWADA (840 United States of America), N. SCHARTEL (276 Germany), P.J. SERLEMITSOS (840 United States of America), H. SETA (840 United States of America), M. SHIDATSU (840 United States of America), A. SIMIONESCU (642 Romania), RK. SMITH (840 United States of America), Y. SOONG (840 United States of America), L. STAWARZ (616 Poland), Y. SUGAWARA (840 United States of America), S. SUGITA (124 Canada), A. SZYMKOWIAK (840 United States of America), H. TAJIMA (840 United States of America), H. TAKAHASHI (840 United States of America), T. TAKAHASHI (840 United States of America), S. TAKEDA (840 United States of America), Y. TAKEI (840 United States of America), T. TAMAGAWA (840 United States of America), T. TAMURA (840 United States of America), T. TANAKA (840 United States of America), Y. TANAKA (840 United States of America), YT. TANAKA (840 United States of America), MS. TASHIRO (840 United States of America), Y. TAWARA (840 United States of America), Y. TERADA (840 United States of America), Y. TERASHIMA (840 United States of America), F. TOMBESI (380 Italy), H. TOMIDA (840 United States of America), Y. TSUBOI (840 United States of America), M. TSUJIMOTO (840 United States of America), H. TSUNEMI (840 United States of America), TG. TSURU (840 United States of America), H. UCHIDA (840 United States of America), H. UCHIYAMA (840 United States of America), Y. UCHIYAMA (840 United States of America), S. UEDA (840 United States of America), Y. UEDA (840 United States of America), S. UNO (840 United States of America), C.M. URRY (840 United States of America), E. URSINO (380 Italy), S. WATANABE (840 United States of America), Norbert WERNER (703 Slovakia, guarantor, belonging to the institution), DR. WILKINS (840 United States of America), BJ. WILLIAMS (840 United States of America), S. YAMADA (840 United States of America), H. YAMAGUCHI (840 United States of America), K. YAMAOKA (840 United States of America), NY. YAMASAKI (840 United States of America), M. YAMAUCHI (840 United States of America), S. YAMAUCHI (840 United States of America), T. YAQOOB (840 United States of America), Y. YATSU (840 United States of America), D. YONETOKU (840 United States of America), I. ZHURAVLEVA (643 Russian Federation) and A. ZOGHBI (528 Netherlands).
Edition	PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, OXFORD, OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2018, 0004-6264.

Other information
Original language	English
Type of outcome	Article in a journal
Field of Study	10308 Astronomy
Country of publisher	Japan
Confidentiality degree	is not subject to a state or trade secret
WWW	URL URL
Impact factor	Impact factor: 2.750
RIV identification code	RIV/00216224:14310/18:00103773
Organization unit	Faculty of Science
Doi	http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psy004
UT WoS	000432287600003
Keywords in English	galaxies: clusters: individual (Perseus); methods: observational; X-rays: galaxies: clusters
Changed by	Changed by: Mgr. Marie Šípková, DiS., učo 437722. Changed: 10/11/2022 12:55.

Abstract

The present paper explains the temperature structure of X-ray emitting plasma in the core of the Perseus cluster based on 1.8-20.0 keV data obtained with the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) on board the Hitomi Observatory. A series of four observations was carried out, with a total effective exposure time of 338 ks that covered a central region of similar to 7' in diameter. SXS was operated with an energy resolution of similar to 5 eV (full width at half maximum) at 5.9 keV. Not only fine structures of K-shell lines in He-like ions, but also transitions from higher principal quantum numbers were clearly resolved from Si through Fe. That enabled us to perform temperature diagnostics using the line ratios of Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe, and to provide the first direct measurement of the excitation temperature and ionization temperature in the Perseus cluster. The observed spectrum is roughly reproduced by a single-temperature thermal plasma model in collisional ionization equilibrium, but detailed line-ratio diagnostics reveal slight deviations from this approximation. In particular, the data exhibit an apparent trend of increasing ionization temperature with the atomic mass, as well as small differences between the ionization and excitation temperatures for Fe, the only element for which both temperatures could be measured. The best-fit two-temperature models suggest a combination of 3 and 5 keV gas, which is consistent with the idea that the observed small deviations from a single-temperature approximation are due to the effects of projecting the known radial temperature gradient in the cluster core along the line of sight. A comparison with the Chandra/ACIS and the XMM-Newton/RGS results, on the other hand, suggests that additional lower-temperature components are present in the intracluster medium (ICM), but not detectable with Hitomi/SXS giving its 1.8-20 keV energy band.

PrintDisplayed: 16/6/2024 11:14

Temperature structure in the Perseus cluster core observed with Hitomi

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