2019
What if the expert lies? How to reveal a lying expert
PROKOP, MartinZákladní údaje
Originální název
What if the expert lies? How to reveal a lying expert
Autoři
PROKOP, Martin (203 Česká republika, garant, domácí)
Vydání
2019
Další údaje
Jazyk
angličtina
Typ výsledku
Prezentace na konferencích
Obor
60301 Philosophy, History and Philosophy of science and technology
Stát vydavatele
Česká republika
Utajení
není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství
Kód RIV
RIV/00216224:14210/19:00111568
Organizační jednotka
Filozofická fakulta
Klíčová slova anglicky
Argument From Expert Opinion; Lying; Critical Questions
Štítky
Změněno: 26. 3. 2020 17:27, Mgr. Igor Hlaváč
Anotace
V originále
In my presentation, I focus on the argumentation theory and its connection to the phenomenon of lying (the traditional definition of lying is being used). To be more precise, I will be discussing the problems of Arguments from expert opinion and the following question: Can we reveal a lying expert and how to do it? To begin with, I present a definition of Argument from expert opinion based on Douglas Walton’s theory. It is necessary to distinguish between the terms of authority (the Latin expression ad verecundiam is traditionally used) and expert, as their institutional and epistemic notion tends to be confused. Then it will be shown that the expert has a prominent (not only epistemic) position in argumentation (in both institutional and epistemic approach), and for this reason he is also in a very good position to commit a lie. Furthermore, the expert does often not participate in argumentation(s), he is only mentioned as a support (warrant) of used premises. In such cases, a lie is commonly committed by an arguing layperson. We must take this discrepancy into consideration. Walton’s dialogical notion of argumentation needs to be explained. According to Walton, arguments can be evaluated by Critical questions which challenge the parts of arguments that tend to be faulty. In the main part of my presentation, I show Walton’s Critical questions related to Argument from expert opinion, especially such that should help us reveal a lying expert. The reliability of an expert can be challenged in many ways. Walton defines a group of questions aiming the trustworthiness of an expert. We can look at the expert’s honesty, trustworthiness, character, etc. Unfortunately, these concepts are transformed to vague concept of bias, which is a subject of study of other sciences than argumentation theories. Despite this fact, we can challenge the expert using Critical questions. I argue that it seems more effective to ask other Critical questions than those aiming trustworthiness. I will show ways how to question the expert and layperson as well. It follows that the group of questions concerning trustworthiness is not as useful as the rest of them. Obviously, there are ways how to reveal a lying expert.
Návaznosti
| MUNI/A/0963/2017, interní kód MU |
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