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@article{1688520,
author = {Šamonil, Pavel and Phillips, Jonathan and Daněk, Pavel and Beneš, Vojtěch and Pawlik, Lukasz},
article_location = {Amsterdam},
article_number = {JUN 2020},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114261},
keywords = {Soil evolution; Saprolite; Weathering front; Hillslope processes; Geophysical research},
language = {eng},
issn = {0016-7061},
journal = {Geoderma},
title = {Soil, regolith, and weathered rock: Theoretical concepts and evolution in old-growth temperate forests, Central Europe},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114261},
volume = {368},
year = {2020}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 1688520
AU - Šamonil, Pavel - Phillips, Jonathan - Daněk, Pavel - Beneš, Vojtěch - Pawlik, Lukasz
PY - 2020
TI - Soil, regolith, and weathered rock: Theoretical concepts and evolution in old-growth temperate forests, Central Europe
JF - Geoderma
VL - 368
IS - JUN 2020
SP - 1-15
EP - 1-15
PB - Elsevier
SN - 00167061
KW - Soil evolution
KW - Saprolite
KW - Weathering front
KW - Hillslope processes
KW - Geophysical research
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114261
L2 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114261
N2 - Evolution of weathering profiles (WP) is critical for landscape evolution, soil formation, biogeochemical cycles, and critical zone hydrology and ecology. Weathering profiles often include soil or solum (O, A, E, and B horizons), non-soil regolith (including soil C horizons, saprolite), and weathered rock. Development of these is a function of weathering at the bedrock weathering front to produce weathered rock; weathering at the boundary between regolith and weathered rock to produce saprolite, and pedogenesis to convert non-soil regolith to soil. Relative thicknesses of soil (T-s), non-soil regolith (T-r) and weathered rock (T-w) can provide insight into the relative rates of these processes at some sites with negligible surface removals or deposition. Scenarios of weathering profile development based on these are developed in current study. We investigated these with ground penetrating radar, electrical resistance tomography, and seismic profiling at three old growth forest sites in the Czech Republic, on gneiss, granite, and flysch bedrock. We found that the geophysical methods - which generated thousands of separate measurements of T-s, T-r, T-w-to produce good estimates. The weathered rock layer (sensu lato) was generally the thickest of the weathering profile layers. Mean soil thicknesses were about 0.64-0.75 m at the three sites, with typical maxima around 1.5 m. Non-soil regolith thicknesses averaged about 2.5 m on the gneiss site and 1.2-1.4 at the other sites. Weathered rock had a mean thickness of 7 m at the gneiss site (up to 10.3), 4.6 at the granite site, and 3.4 on flysch. Results indicate that weathering at the bedrock weathering front is more rapid than conversion of weathered rock to regolith, which is in turn more rapid than saprolite-to-soil conversion by pedogenesis on all three bedrock types. No evidence was found of steady-state soil, non-soil regolith, or weathered rock thicknesses or evolution toward steady-state. Steady-state would require that weathering rates at the bedrock and/or regolith weathering fronts decline to negligible rates as profiles thicken, but the relative thicknesses at our study sites do not indicate this is the case.
ER -
ŠAMONIL, Pavel, Jonathan PHILLIPS, Pavel DANĚK, Vojtěch BENEŠ and Lukasz PAWLIK. Soil, regolith, and weathered rock: Theoretical concepts and evolution in old-growth temperate forests, Central Europe. \textit{Geoderma}. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2020, vol.~368, JUN 2020, p.~1-15. ISSN~0016-7061. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114261.
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