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@article{1784498, author = {Chen, Liang and Giesy, John Paul and Adamovský, Ondřej and Svirčev, Zorica and Meriluoto, Jussi and Codd, Geoffrey A. and Mijovic, Biljana and Shi, Ting and Tuo, Xun and Li, ShangandChun and Pan, BaoandZhu and Chen, Jun and Xie, Ping}, article_location = {Amsterdam}, article_number = {April 2021}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142319}, keywords = {Microcystis; Microcystin; Feed; Nutrition; Toxicity; Cyanotoxin; Antidote; Hazardous algal bloom; Cyanobacteria; Blue-green algae}, language = {eng}, issn = {0048-9697}, journal = {Science of the Total Environment}, title = {Challenges of using blooms of Microcystis spp. in animal feeds: A comprehensive review of nutritional, toxicological and microbial health evaluation}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720358484?via%3Dihub}, volume = {764}, year = {2021} }
TY - JOUR ID - 1784498 AU - Chen, Liang - Giesy, John Paul - Adamovský, Ondřej - Svirčev, Zorica - Meriluoto, Jussi - Codd, Geoffrey A. - Mijovic, Biljana - Shi, Ting - Tuo, Xun - Li, Shang-Chun - Pan, Bao-Zhu - Chen, Jun - Xie, Ping PY - 2021 TI - Challenges of using blooms of Microcystis spp. in animal feeds: A comprehensive review of nutritional, toxicological and microbial health evaluation JF - Science of the Total Environment VL - 764 IS - April 2021 SP - 1-23 EP - 1-23 PB - Elsevier Science SN - 00489697 KW - Microcystis KW - Microcystin KW - Feed KW - Nutrition KW - Toxicity KW - Cyanotoxin KW - Antidote KW - Hazardous algal bloom KW - Cyanobacteria KW - Blue-green algae UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720358484?via%3Dihub N2 - Microcystis spp., are Gram-negative, oxygenic, photosynthetic prokaryotes which use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and minerals into organic compounds and biomass. Eutrophication, rising CO2 concentrations and global warming are increasing Microcystis blooms globally. Due to its high availability and protein content, Microcystis biomass has been suggested as a protein source for animal feeds. This would reduce dependency on soybean and other agricultural crops and could make use of "waste" biomass when Microcystis scums and blooms are harvested. Besides proteins, Microcystis contain further nutrients induding lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. However, Microcystis produce cyanobacterial toxins, induding microcystins (MCs) and other bioactive metabolites, which present health hazards. In this review, challenges of using Microcystis blooms in feeds are identified. First, nutritional and toxicological (nutri-toxicogical) data, including toxicity of Microcystis to mollusks, crustaceans, fish, amphibians, mammals and birds, is reviewed. Inclusion of Microcystis in diets caused greater mortality, lesser growth, cachexia, histopathological changes and oxidative stress in liver, kidney, gill, intestine and spleen of several fish species. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of MCs in musde of fish fed Microcystis might exceed the provisional tolerable daily intake (TDI) for humans. 0.04 mu g/kg body mass (bm)/day, as established by the World Health Organization (WHO), and is thus not safe. Musde of fish fed M. aeruginosa is of low nutritional value and exhibits poor palatability/taste. Microcystis also causes hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity and immunotoxidty to mollusks, crustaceans, amphibians, mammals and birds. Microbial pathogens can also occur in blooms of Microcystis. Thus, cyanotoxins/xenobiotics/pathogens in Micmcystis biomass should be removed/degraded/inactivated sufficiently to assure safety for use of the biomass as a primary/main/supplemental ingredient in animal feed. As an ameliorative measure, antidotes/detoxicants can be used to avoid/reduce the toxic effects. Before using Microcystis in feed ingredients/supplements, further screening for health protection and cost control is required. ER -
CHEN, Liang, John Paul GIESY, Ondřej ADAMOVSKÝ, Zorica SVIRČEV, Jussi MERILUOTO, Geoffrey A. CODD, Biljana MIJOVIC, Ting SHI, Xun TUO, Shang-Chun LI, Bao-Zhu PAN, Jun CHEN a Ping XIE. Challenges of using blooms of Microcystis spp. in animal feeds: A comprehensive review of nutritional, toxicological and microbial health evaluation. \textit{Science of the Total Environment}. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 2021, roč.~764, April 2021, s.~1-23. ISSN~0048-9697. Dostupné z: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142319.
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