Exploring Gravitationally Lensed z ≳ 6 X-Ray Active Galactic
Nuclei Behind the RELICS Clusters

J 2022

Exploring Gravitationally Lensed z ≳ 6 X-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei Behind the RELICS Clusters

BOGDÁN, Ákos, Orsolya Eszter KOVÁCS, Christine JONES, William R. FORMAN, Ralph P. KRAFT et. al.

Základní údaje

Originální název

Exploring Gravitationally Lensed z ≳ 6 X-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei Behind the RELICS Clusters

Autoři

BOGDÁN, Ákos (garant), Orsolya Eszter KOVÁCS (348 Maďarsko, domácí), Christine JONES, William R. FORMAN, Ralph P. KRAFT, Victoria STRAIT, Dan COE a Maruša BRADAČ

Vydání

Astrophysical Journal, IOP Publishing, 2022, 0004-637X

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Článek v odborném periodiku

Obor

10308 Astronomy

Stát vydavatele

Velká Británie a Severní Irsko

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Odkazy

URL

Impakt faktor

Impact factor: 4.900

Kód RIV

RIV/00216224:14310/22:00119715

Organizační jednotka

Přírodovědecká fakulta

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4ae5

UT WoS

000763676700001

Klíčová slova anglicky

High-redshift galaxies; Active galactic nuclei; X-ray active galactic nuclei; Galaxy clusters; Gravitational lensing

Štítky

rivok

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 11. 8. 2022 16:32, Mgr. Marie Šípková, DiS.

Anotace

V originále

Although observations of high-redshift quasars demonstrate that many supermassive black holes (BHs) reached large masses within one billion years after the Big Bang, the origin of the first BHs is still a mystery. A promising way to constrain the origin of the first BHs is to explore the average properties of z ≳ 6 BHs. However, typical BHs remain hidden from X-ray surveys, which is due to their relatively faint nature and the limited sensitivity of X-ray telescopes. Gravitational lensing provides an attractive way to study this unique galaxy population as it magnifies the faint light from these high-redshift galaxies. Here, we study the X-ray emission originating from 155 gravitationally lensed z ≳ 6 galaxies that were detected in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey. We utilize Chandra X-ray observations to search for active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the individual galaxies and in the stacked galaxy samples. We did not identify an individual X-ray source that was undoubtedly associated with a high-redshift galaxy. We stack the signal from all galaxies and do not find a statistically significant detection. We split our sample based on stellar mass, star formation rate, and lensing magnification and stack these subsamples. We obtain a 2.2σ detection for massive galaxies with an X-ray luminosity of (3.7 ± 1.6) × 1042 erg s−1, which corresponds to a (3.0 ± 1.3) × 105 M⊙ BH accreting at its Eddington rate. Other stacks remain undetected and we place upper limits on the AGN emission. These limits imply that the bulk of BHs at z ≳ 6 either accrete at a few percent of their Eddington rate and/or are 1–2 orders of magnitude less massive than expected based on the stellar mass of their host galaxy.

Návaznosti

GX21-13491X, projekt VaV

Název: Zkoumání žhavého vesmíru a porozumění kosmické zpětné vazbě (Akronym: EHU)

Investor: Grantová agentura ČR, Exploring the Hot Universe and Understanding Comic Feedback

Citovat

BOGDÁN, Ákos, Orsolya Eszter KOVÁCS, Christine JONES, William R. FORMAN, Ralph P. KRAFT, Victoria STRAIT, Dan COE a Maruša BRADAČ. Exploring Gravitationally Lensed z ≳ 6 X-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei Behind the RELICS Clusters. Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2022, roč. 927, č. 1, s. 1-13. ISSN 0004-637X. Dostupné z: https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4ae5.

@article{1842477,
   author = {Bogdán, Ákos and Kovács, Orsolya Eszter and Jones, Christine and Forman, William R. and Kraft, Ralph P. and Strait, Victoria and Coe, Dan and Bradač, Maruša},
   article_number = {1},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4ae5},
   keywords = {High-redshift galaxies; Active galactic nuclei; X-ray active galactic nuclei; Galaxy clusters; Gravitational lensing},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0004-637X},
   journal = {Astrophysical Journal},
   title = {Exploring Gravitationally Lensed z ≳ 6 X-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei Behind the RELICS Clusters},
   url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4ae5},
   volume = {927},
   year = {2022}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1842477
AU  - Bogdán, Ákos - Kovács, Orsolya Eszter - Jones, Christine - Forman, William R. - Kraft, Ralph P. - Strait, Victoria - Coe, Dan - Bradač, Maruša
PY  - 2022
TI  - Exploring Gravitationally Lensed z ≳ 6 X-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei Behind the RELICS Clusters
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
VL  - 927
IS  - 1
SP  - 1-13
EP  - 1-13
PB  - IOP Publishing
SN  - 0004637X
KW  - High-redshift galaxies
KW  - Active galactic nuclei
KW  - X-ray active galactic nuclei
KW  - Galaxy clusters
KW  - Gravitational lensing
UR  - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4ae5
N2  - Although observations of high-redshift quasars demonstrate that many supermassive black holes (BHs) reached large masses within one billion years after the Big Bang, the origin of the first BHs is still a mystery. A promising way to constrain the origin of the first BHs is to explore the average properties of z ≳ 6 BHs. However, typical BHs remain hidden from X-ray surveys, which is due to their relatively faint nature and the limited sensitivity of X-ray telescopes. Gravitational lensing provides an attractive way to study this unique galaxy population as it magnifies the faint light from these high-redshift galaxies. Here, we study the X-ray emission originating from 155 gravitationally lensed z ≳ 6 galaxies that were detected in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey. We utilize Chandra X-ray observations to search for active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the individual galaxies and in the stacked galaxy samples. We did not identify an individual X-ray source that was undoubtedly associated with a high-redshift galaxy. We stack the signal from all galaxies and do not find a statistically significant detection. We split our sample based on stellar mass, star formation rate, and lensing magnification and stack these subsamples. We obtain a 2.2σ detection for massive galaxies with an X-ray luminosity of (3.7 ± 1.6) × 1042 erg s−1, which corresponds to a (3.0 ± 1.3) × 105 M⊙ BH accreting at its Eddington rate. Other stacks remain undetected and we place upper limits on the AGN emission. These limits imply that the bulk of BHs at z ≳ 6 either accrete at a few percent of their Eddington rate and/or are 1–2 orders of magnitude less massive than expected based on the stellar mass of their host galaxy.
ER  -

BOGDÁN, Ákos, Orsolya Eszter KOVÁCS, Christine JONES, William R. FORMAN, Ralph P. KRAFT, Victoria STRAIT, Dan COE a Maruša BRADAČ. Exploring Gravitationally Lensed z ≳ 6 X-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei Behind the RELICS Clusters. \textit{Astrophysical Journal}. IOP Publishing, 2022, roč.~927, č.~1, s.~1-13. ISSN~0004-637X. Dostupné z: https://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4ae5.

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