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@article{2248095,
author = {Mau, Martin and Malík Mandáková, Terezie and Ma, Xingliang and Ebersbach, Jana and Zou, Lifang and Lysák, Martin and Sharbel, Timothy F},
article_location = {Lausanne},
article_number = {JUN},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.890038},
keywords = {apomixis; pollen; UPGRADE2; tapetum; heterochromatic chromosome; gene evolution; Boechera; supernumerary DNA},
language = {eng},
issn = {1664-462X},
journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},
title = {Evolution of an Apomixis-Specific Allele Class in Supernumerary Chromatin of Apomictic Boechera},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.890038/full},
volume = {13},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 2248095
AU - Mau, Martin - Malík Mandáková, Terezie - Ma, Xingliang - Ebersbach, Jana - Zou, Lifang - Lysák, Martin - Sharbel, Timothy F
PY - 2022
TI - Evolution of an Apomixis-Specific Allele Class in Supernumerary Chromatin of Apomictic Boechera
JF - Frontiers in Plant Science
VL - 13
IS - JUN
SP - 890038
EP - 890038
PB - FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
SN - 1664462X
KW - apomixis
KW - pollen
KW - UPGRADE2
KW - tapetum
KW - heterochromatic chromosome
KW - gene evolution
KW - Boechera
KW - supernumerary DNA
UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.890038/full
N2 - Asexual reproduction through seeds in plants (i.e., apomixis) is a heritable trait, and apomixis- linked loci have been identified in multiple species. However, direct identification of genomic elements is typically hindered as apomixis-linked loci and are commonly found in recombination-suppressed and repetitive regions. Heterochromatinized elements, such as B chromosomes and other supernumerary chromosomal DNA fragments have long been known to be associated with asexuality in both plants and animals and are prime candidate regions for the evolution of multiple apomixis factors controlling the individual elements of apomixis. Here, we examined molecular evolution, gene regulation, and chromosomal location of a male apomeiosis factor (UPG2), a long noncoding RNA gene, in sexual and apomictic Boechera with and without male apomeiosis (i.e., balanced and unbalanced apomicts). We revealed the origin of the gene in the apomixis genome on an apomixis-specific, supernumerary heterochromatic Boechera chromosome (Boe1). The UPG2 is active in the tapetum at male meiosis. We found allele classes specific to apomictic and sexual Boechera accessions and a third class that shares the features of both and points to a convergent transition state. Sex alleles are found only in some of the sexual accessions and have higher nucleotide divergence and lower transcriptional activity compared to apo alleles. These data demonstrate selective pressure to maintain the function of UPG2 for unreduced pollen formation in apomicts as the occasional transmission of the allele from unbalanced apomicts into sexual organisms that lead to pseudogenization and functional decay of copies in sexual organisms.
ER -
MAU, Martin, Terezie MALÍK MANDÁKOVÁ, Xingliang MA, Jana EBERSBACH, Lifang ZOU, Martin LYSÁK and Timothy F SHARBEL. Evolution of an Apomixis-Specific Allele Class in Supernumerary Chromatin of Apomictic Boechera. \textit{Frontiers in Plant Science}. Lausanne: FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2022, vol.~13, JUN, p.~890038-890054. ISSN~1664-462X. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.890038.
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