Transformation of West-Carpathian primeval woodlands into
high-altitude grasslands from as early as the Bronze Age

J 2023

Transformation of West-Carpathian primeval woodlands into high-altitude grasslands from as early as the Bronze Age

WIEZIK, Maros, Eva JAMRICHOVA, Frantisek MALIS, Eliska BELANOVA, Richard HRIVNAK et. al.

Základní údaje

Originální název

Transformation of West-Carpathian primeval woodlands into high-altitude grasslands from as early as the Bronze Age

Autoři

WIEZIK, Maros, Eva JAMRICHOVA, Frantisek MALIS, Eliska BELANOVA, Richard HRIVNAK, Michal HÁJEK (203 Česká republika, domácí) a Petra HÁJKOVÁ (203 Česká republika, garant, domácí)

Vydání

Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, Springer, 2023, 0939-6314

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Článek v odborném periodiku

Obor

10611 Plant sciences, botany

Stát vydavatele

Spojené státy

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Odkazy

URL

Impakt faktor

Impact factor: 2.500 v roce 2022

Kód RIV

RIV/00216224:14310/23:00134076

Organizační jednotka

Přírodovědecká fakulta

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00334-022-00896-9

UT WoS

000876847600001

Klíčová slova anglicky

Human impact; Pollen analysis; Deforestation; Primeval woodlands; Transhumance; Western Carpathians

Štítky

rivok

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 23. 3. 2023 14:10, Mgr. Marie Šípková, DiS.

Anotace

V originále

The drivers of the long-term development of high-mountain woodlands are still unexplored in the central European mountains north of the Alps, where archaeologists and palaeoecologists traditionally report no significant human influences on vegetation before the late Middle Ages. Recent but fragmentary palaeoecological reports are gradually changing this paradigm. We analysed a peat profile from a high-elevation fen on the southern edge of the Western Carpathians, where proximity to warm lowlands may have facilitated prehistoric use of the higher elevations. We found that the formation of the studied fen in the Bronze Age could have been triggered by anthropogenic deforestation. This event is indicated by an extraordinarily high amount of micro- and macro-charcoals and the presence of secondary anthropogenic and open-landscape indicators. Grazing of the summit areas was further evidenced by records of spores of coprophilous fungi (Sporormiella, Sordaria-t. and Podospora-t.). As microcharcoals were present only in the prehistoric period and almost disappeared later (after ad 200), fires were likely used to deforest the range to obtain open land, which was later intensively grazed. Archaeological reports from the area, especially Bronze Age records from foothills and mountain basins, suggest that people settled in the vast area and might have needed to graze the nearby summit range during the summer. The most significant and abrupt transition from woodlands to grasslands coincided with the Mining and Wallachian colonisation waves. These waves altered the original course of the development and composition of mountain forests, highlighting their sensitivity to severe anthropogenic disturbance. In the last two centuries, the exploitation of the woodlands has decreased. Secondary succession, together with commercial planting, has led to the dominance of the Norway spruce. Together with the previous patchy record, our results call for a new paradigm to consider early prehistoric anthropogenic influences like grazing in the Central European high mountains. The history of treeless vegetation at higher altitudes is likely substantially older than has been thought so far.

Návaznosti

GX19-28491X, projekt VaV

Název: Centrum pro evropské vegetační syntézy (CEVS) (Akronym: CEVS)

Investor: Grantová agentura ČR, Centrum pro evropské vegetační syntézy (CEVS)

Citovat

WIEZIK, Maros, Eva JAMRICHOVA, Frantisek MALIS, Eliska BELANOVA, Richard HRIVNAK, Michal HÁJEK a Petra HÁJKOVÁ. Transformation of West-Carpathian primeval woodlands into high-altitude grasslands from as early as the Bronze Age. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. Springer, 2023, roč. 32, č. 2, s. 205-220. ISSN 0939-6314. Dostupné z: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00334-022-00896-9.

@article{2262938,
   author = {Wiezik, Maros and Jamrichova, Eva and Malis, Frantisek and Belanova, Eliska and Hrivnak, Richard and Hájek, Michal and Hájková, Petra},
   article_number = {2},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00334-022-00896-9},
   keywords = {Human impact; Pollen analysis; Deforestation; Primeval woodlands; Transhumance; Western Carpathians},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0939-6314},
   journal = {Vegetation History and Archaeobotany},
   title = {Transformation of West-Carpathian primeval woodlands into high-altitude grasslands from as early as the Bronze Age},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-022-00896-9},
   volume = {32},
   year = {2023}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2262938
AU  - Wiezik, Maros - Jamrichova, Eva - Malis, Frantisek - Belanova, Eliska - Hrivnak, Richard - Hájek, Michal - Hájková, Petra
PY  - 2023
TI  - Transformation of West-Carpathian primeval woodlands into high-altitude grasslands from as early as the Bronze Age
JF  - Vegetation History and Archaeobotany
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
SP  - 205-220
EP  - 205-220
PB  - Springer
SN  - 09396314
KW  - Human impact
KW  - Pollen analysis
KW  - Deforestation
KW  - Primeval woodlands
KW  - Transhumance
KW  - Western Carpathians
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-022-00896-9
N2  - The drivers of the long-term development of high-mountain woodlands are still unexplored in the central European mountains north of the Alps, where archaeologists and palaeoecologists traditionally report no significant human influences on vegetation before the late Middle Ages. Recent but fragmentary palaeoecological reports are gradually changing this paradigm. We analysed a peat profile from a high-elevation fen on the southern edge of the Western Carpathians, where proximity to warm lowlands may have facilitated prehistoric use of the higher elevations. We found that the formation of the studied fen in the Bronze Age could have been triggered by anthropogenic deforestation. This event is indicated by an extraordinarily high amount of micro- and macro-charcoals and the presence of secondary anthropogenic and open-landscape indicators. Grazing of the summit areas was further evidenced by records of spores of coprophilous fungi (Sporormiella, Sordaria-t. and Podospora-t.). As microcharcoals were present only in the prehistoric period and almost disappeared later (after ad 200), fires were likely used to deforest the range to obtain open land, which was later intensively grazed. Archaeological reports from the area, especially Bronze Age records from foothills and mountain basins, suggest that people settled in the vast area and might have needed to graze the nearby summit range during the summer. The most significant and abrupt transition from woodlands to grasslands coincided with the Mining and Wallachian colonisation waves. These waves altered the original course of the development and composition of mountain forests, highlighting their sensitivity to severe anthropogenic disturbance. In the last two centuries, the exploitation of the woodlands has decreased. Secondary succession, together with commercial planting, has led to the dominance of the Norway spruce. Together with the previous patchy record, our results call for a new paradigm to consider early prehistoric anthropogenic influences like grazing in the Central European high mountains. The history of treeless vegetation at higher altitudes is likely substantially older than has been thought so far.
ER  -

WIEZIK, Maros, Eva JAMRICHOVA, Frantisek MALIS, Eliska BELANOVA, Richard HRIVNAK, Michal HÁJEK a Petra HÁJKOVÁ. Transformation of West-Carpathian primeval woodlands into high-altitude grasslands from as early as the Bronze Age. \textit{Vegetation History and Archaeobotany}. Springer, 2023, roč.~32, č.~2, s.~205-220. ISSN~0939-6314. Dostupné z: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00334-022-00896-9.

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