Kretska i dalmatinsko-dubrovačka književna renesansa: sličnosti i razlike

STEHLÍK, Petr. Kretska i dalmatinsko-dubrovačka književna renesansa: sličnosti i razlike. In 33. Marulićevi dani, 20.-22. 4. 2023, Split, Chorvatsko. 2023.

Základní údaje

• Originální název: Kretska i dalmatinsko-dubrovačka književna renesansa: sličnosti i razlike
• Název anglicky: The Cretan and the Dalmatian-Ragusan Literary Renaissance: Similarities and Differences
• Autoři: STEHLÍK, Petr.
• Vydání: 33. Marulićevi dani, 20.-22. 4. 2023, Split, Chorvatsko, 2023.

Další údaje

• Originální jazyk: chorvatština
• Typ výsledku: Prezentace na konferencích
• Obor: 60101 History
• Stát vydavatele: Chorvatsko
• Utajení: není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství
• WWW: Stránky pořádající instituce
• Organizační jednotka: Filozofická fakulta
• Klíčová slova česky: Kréta; Dalmácie; Dubrovník, Krétská renesanční literatura; Chorvatská renesanční literatura; renesance; renesanční literatura
• Klíčová slova anglicky: Crete; Dalmatia; Dubrovnik; Ragusa; Cretan Renaissance Literature; Croatian renaissance literature; renaissance
• Příznaky: Mezinárodní význam

Anotace

Kreta se u hrvatskoj tradiciji proučavanja renesansne književnosti spominje gotovo isključivo u vezi s kotorskim pjesnikom Ludovikom Paskalićem, koji je ondje boravio (1537–8) u sklopu mletačke vojne misije. Poput Paskalićeva zavičaja i taj se grčki otok naime nalazio pod vlašću Republike sv. Marka (od 1204), što je u 16. i 17. stoljeću rezultiralo nastankom hibridne kulture koja je mletačkim posredovanjem upijala brojne utjecaje talijanske renesanse. Premda znatno kasnije nego u Dalmaciji i Dubrovniku, na Kreti je na taj način nastala intrigantna vernakularna književnost koja je najistaknutija djela dala krajem 16. i u prvoj polovici 17. stoljeća, odnosno u nekoliko desetljeća koja su prethodila osmanskom osvajanju otoka 1669. Riječ je o novogrčkim testovima pisanima na kretskom narječju, i to pretežno u političkom stihu preuzetom iz bizantske književnosti i usmene tradicije. Međutim domaći se utjecaji u tom relativno malom korpusu povezuju s izrazitim elementima talijanske renesansne književnosti (Tasso, Ariosto, Guarini, Giraldi). Žanrovski su zastupljene uglavnom tragedije, komedije, pastorale, religiozna drama te romansa, koja je ujedno iznjedrila i najčuvenije i najcjenjenije djelo cjelokupne kretske renesansne književnosti. Riječ je o opsežnom lirsko-epskom spjevu "Erotokritos" (Ἐρωτόκριτος) Vikentiosa Kornarosa koji se smatra adaptacijom francuskog viteškog romana "Paris et Vienne". Kornarosova romansa, no i druga istaknuta djela kretske renesanse, kao što su tragedija "Erofili" (Ερωφίλη) Georgiosa Chortatzisa ili anonimna idila "Pastirica" (Βοσκοπούλα), uživala su stoljećima nakon njihova nastanka veliku popularnost, o čemu svjedoči činjenica da su čak postala dio usmene predaje ili da su neka od njih utjecala na razvoj moderne grčke književnosti u 19. i 20. stoljeću. Iz navedenog je očito da postoje određene podudarnosti, ali i brojne razlike između renesanse na istočnojadranskoj obali (u mletačkoj Dalmaciji i u Dubrovniku) i na Kreti. U oba slučaja nalazimo s jedne strane neposredan prijenos renesansnih ideja i oblika iz Italije, izrazit utjecaj folklora ili prilagodbu forme domaćoj tradiciji, a s druge strane asinkronicitet, različite žanrovske preferencije, kao i odabir različitih talijanskih autora i djela kao stvaralačkih uzora, odnosno modela. Cilj je ovog rada pronaći kontekstualne, tematske i formalne dodirne točke, odnosno opisati razlike između dalmatinsko-dubrovačke i kretske renesansne književnosti, s posebnim osvrtom na oblike transmisije talijanskih utjecaja, načine korištenja lokalizacije te odraz suvremene zbilje obilježene osmanskom prijetnjom. Takvom komparativnom analizom nastoji se pridonijeti poznavanju različitih manifestacija književne renesanse u široko shvaćenom istočnom Mediteranu.

Anotace anglicky

In the Croatian tradition of the study of Renaissance literature, Crete is mentioned almost entirely in connection with Ludovik Paskalić, who was a member of the Venetian military mission there in 1537 to 1538. Like Paskalić’s native land, this Greek island was ruled by the Republic of St Mark (and had been since 1204), which resulted in the 16th and 17th centuries in the creation of a hybrid culture that through the mediation of Venice absorbed numerous influences from the Italian Renaissance. Although much later than in Dubrovnik and Dalmatia, on Crete this gave rise to an intriguing vernacular literature that produced its most important works at the end of the 16th and in the first half of the 17th century, in other words, in just the few decades that preceded the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1669. These are Neo-Greek texts written in the Cretan dialect, primarily in the political verse taken from Byzantine literature and the oral tradition. However, local influences in this relatively small body of work are connected with marked elements of Italian Renaissance literature (Tasso, Ariosto, Guarini, Giraldi). In terms of genre, there are mainly tragedies, comedies, pastorals, religious dramas and romances, which engendered the most famous and best regarded work of all of Cretan Renaissance literature: the extensive lyrical-epic poem "Erotokritos" (Ἐρωτόκριτος) of Vikentios Kornaros, thought to be an adaptation of the French courtly romance "Paris et Vienne". The romance of Kornaros, and other salient works of the Cretan Renaissance, such as the tragedy "Erofili" (Ἐρωφίλη) of Georgios Chortatzis and the anonymous lyric "Shepherdess" (Βοσκοπούλα), enjoyed, in the centuries after their writing, great popularity, as shown by their even having become part of the oral tradition, some of them affecting the development of Modern Greek writing in the 19th and 20th centuries. From the above it is clear that there were certain correspondences, as well as many differences, between the Renaissance as experienced on the eastern coast of the Adriatic, in Dalmatia and Dubrovnik then, and in Crete. In both cases we can find on the one hand the direct transmission of Renaissance ideas and forms from Italy, the marked influence of folklore or the adjustment of the form to the domestic tradition, and on the other hand asynchronicity, different genre preferences and the selection of different Italian authors and works as creative exemplars or models. The objective of this paper is to find points of contact, formal, contextual and thematic, as well as the differences, between the Renaissance literatures of Crete and Dubrovnik-Dalmatia, with particular reference to the forms in which Italian influences were transmitted, the manner of using localisation and the reflection of contemporary reality, characterised by the Ottoman menace. The aim of this comparative analysis is to contribute to the knowledge of the different manifestations of the literary Renaissance in the eastern Mediterranean as broadly understood.