An Overview of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda:
Angiostrongylidae), an Emerging Cause of Human
Angiostrongylosis on the Indian Subcontinent

J 2023

An Overview of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae), an Emerging Cause of Human Angiostrongylosis on the Indian Subcontinent

PANDIAN, Divakaran, Tomas NAJER a David MODRÝ

Základní údaje

Originální název

An Overview of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae), an Emerging Cause of Human Angiostrongylosis on the Indian Subcontinent

Autoři

PANDIAN, Divakaran, Tomas NAJER a David MODRÝ (203 Česká republika, garant, domácí)

Vydání

Pathogens, MDPI, 2023, 2076-0817

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Článek v odborném periodiku

Obor

10606 Microbiology

Stát vydavatele

Švýcarsko

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Odkazy

URL

Impakt faktor

Impact factor: 3.700 v roce 2022

Kód RIV

RIV/00216224:14310/23:00134271

Organizační jednotka

Přírodovědecká fakulta

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12060851

UT WoS

001017135500001

Klíčová slova anglicky

Angiostrongylus cantonensis; human angiostrongyliasis; Indian subcontinent; eosinophilic meningitis

Štítky

rivok

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 6. 12. 2023 11:23, Mgr. Marie Šípková, DiS.

Anotace

V originále

Human angiostrongylosis is an emerging zoonosis caused by the larvae of three species of metastrongyloid nematodes of the genus Angiostrongylus, with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935) being dominant across the world. Its obligatory heteroxenous life cycle includes rats as definitive hosts, mollusks as intermediate hosts, and amphibians and reptiles as paratenic hosts. In humans, the infection manifests as Angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis (AEM) or ocular form. Since there is no comprehensive study on the disease in the Indian subcontinent, our study aims at the growing incidence of angiostrongylosis in humans, alongside its clinical course and possible causes. A systematic literature search revealed 28 reports of 45 human cases from 1966 to 2022; eosinophilic meningitis accounted for 33 cases (75.5%), 12 cases were reported as ocular, 1 case was combined, and 1 case was unspecified. The presumed source of infection was reported in 5 cases only. Importantly, 22 AEM patients reported a history of eating raw monitor lizard (Varanus spp.) tissues in the past. As apex predators, monitor lizards accumulate high numbers of L3 responsible for acute illness in humans. For ocular cases, the source was not identified. Most cases were diagnosed based on nematode findings and clinical pathology (primarily eosinophilia in the cerebrospinal fluid). Only two cases were confirmed to be A. cantonensis, one by immunoblot and the other by q-PCR. Cases of angiostrongylosis have been reported in Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Puducherry, Telangana, and West Bengal. With a population of more than 1.4 billion, India is one of the least studied areas for A. cantonensis. It is likely that many cases remain undetected/unreported. Since most cases have been reported from the state of Kerala, further research may focus on this region. Gastropods, amphibians, and reptiles are commonly consumed in India; however, typical preparation methods involve cooking, which kills the nematode larvae. In addition to studying rodent and mollusk hosts, monitor lizards can be used as effective sentinels. Sequence data are urgently needed to answer the question of the identity of Angiostrongylus-like metastrongylid nematodes isolated from all types of hosts. DNA-based diagnostic methods such as q-PCR and LAMP should be included in clinical diagnosis of suspected cases and in studies of genetic diversity and species identity of nematodes tentatively identified as A. cantonensis.

Návaznosti

GA22-26136S, projekt VaV

Název: Probíhající globální invaze zoonotické hlístice Angiostrongylus cantonensis: analýza rizik rozšíření v Evropě

Investor: Grantová agentura ČR, Probíhající globální invaze zoonotické hlístice Angiostrongylus cantonensis: analýza rizik rozšíření v Evropě

Citovat

PANDIAN, Divakaran, Tomas NAJER a David MODRÝ. An Overview of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae), an Emerging Cause of Human Angiostrongylosis on the Indian Subcontinent. Pathogens. MDPI, 2023, roč. 12, č. 6, s. 1-21. ISSN 2076-0817. Dostupné z: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12060851.

@article{2333437,
   author = {Pandian, Divakaran and Najer, Tomas and Modrý, David},
   article_number = {6},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12060851},
   keywords = {Angiostrongylus cantonensis; human angiostrongyliasis; Indian subcontinent; eosinophilic meningitis},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {2076-0817},
   journal = {Pathogens},
   title = {An Overview of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae), an Emerging Cause of Human Angiostrongylosis on the Indian Subcontinent},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12060851},
   volume = {12},
   year = {2023}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2333437
AU  - Pandian, Divakaran - Najer, Tomas - Modrý, David
PY  - 2023
TI  - An Overview of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae), an Emerging Cause of Human Angiostrongylosis on the Indian Subcontinent
JF  - Pathogens
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
SP  - 1-21
EP  - 1-21
PB  - MDPI
SN  - 20760817
KW  - Angiostrongylus cantonensis
KW  - human angiostrongyliasis
KW  - Indian subcontinent
KW  - eosinophilic meningitis
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12060851
N2  - Human angiostrongylosis is an emerging zoonosis caused by the larvae of three species of metastrongyloid nematodes of the genus Angiostrongylus, with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935) being dominant across the world. Its obligatory heteroxenous life cycle includes rats as definitive hosts, mollusks as intermediate hosts, and amphibians and reptiles as paratenic hosts. In humans, the infection manifests as Angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis (AEM) or ocular form. Since there is no comprehensive study on the disease in the Indian subcontinent, our study aims at the growing incidence of angiostrongylosis in humans, alongside its clinical course and possible causes. A systematic literature search revealed 28 reports of 45 human cases from 1966 to 2022; eosinophilic meningitis accounted for 33 cases (75.5%), 12 cases were reported as ocular, 1 case was combined, and 1 case was unspecified. The presumed source of infection was reported in 5 cases only. Importantly, 22 AEM patients reported a history of eating raw monitor lizard (Varanus spp.) tissues in the past. As apex predators, monitor lizards accumulate high numbers of L3 responsible for acute illness in humans. For ocular cases, the source was not identified. Most cases were diagnosed based on nematode findings and clinical pathology (primarily eosinophilia in the cerebrospinal fluid). Only two cases were confirmed to be A. cantonensis, one by immunoblot and the other by q-PCR. Cases of angiostrongylosis have been reported in Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Puducherry, Telangana, and West Bengal. With a population of more than 1.4 billion, India is one of the least studied areas for A. cantonensis. It is likely that many cases remain undetected/unreported. Since most cases have been reported from the state of Kerala, further research may focus on this region. Gastropods, amphibians, and reptiles are commonly consumed in India; however, typical preparation methods involve cooking, which kills the nematode larvae. In addition to studying rodent and mollusk hosts, monitor lizards can be used as effective sentinels. Sequence data are urgently needed to answer the question of the identity of Angiostrongylus-like metastrongylid nematodes isolated from all types of hosts. DNA-based diagnostic methods such as q-PCR and LAMP should be included in clinical diagnosis of suspected cases and in studies of genetic diversity and species identity of nematodes tentatively identified as A. cantonensis.
ER  -

PANDIAN, Divakaran, Tomas NAJER a David MODRÝ. An Overview of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae), an Emerging Cause of Human Angiostrongylosis on the Indian Subcontinent. \textit{Pathogens}. MDPI, 2023, roč.~12, č.~6, s.~1-21. ISSN~2076-0817. Dostupné z: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12060851.

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