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@article{2392960,
author = {Büntgen, Ulf and Eggertsson, Olafur and Oppenheimer, Clive},
article_number = {2},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-024-02215-6},
keywords = {Climate variability; Historical climatology; Human migration; Iceland; Interdisciplinary research; Volcanism},
language = {eng},
issn = {1436-3798},
journal = {Regional Environmental Change},
title = {Braided motivations for Iceland's first wave of mass emigration to North America after the 1875 Askja eruption},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10113-024-02215-6},
volume = {24},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 2392960
AU - Büntgen, Ulf - Eggertsson, Olafur - Oppenheimer, Clive
PY - 2024
TI - Braided motivations for Iceland's first wave of mass emigration to North America after the 1875 Askja eruption
JF - Regional Environmental Change
VL - 24
IS - 2
SP - 1-14
EP - 1-14
PB - Springer
SN - 14363798
KW - Climate variability
KW - Historical climatology
KW - Human migration
KW - Iceland
KW - Interdisciplinary research
KW - Volcanism
UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10113-024-02215-6
N2 - More than 14,000 Icelanders emigrated to North America between 1870 and 1914 CE. Mass movement from Iceland accelerated the year after the explosive eruption of Askja in 1875, and both contemporary and recent commentators have linked the two circumstances. Despite an abundant scholarship on Icelandic emigration in this period, the direct and indirect roles of the eruption as a possible stimulus remain unclear. Here, we engage critically with a range of contemporary source materials as well as meteorological and climatological information to re-assess where Askja fits into the picture of Iceland's first wave of mass migration. We find that emigration was undoubtedly fuelled by the hardships of Icelanders and their growing contacts with countrymen already in the Americas, and that the highest proportions of emigrants came from counties most directly impacted by the Askja eruption. However, it also emerges that the eruption served as a lever for interested parties in Britain and Canada to persuade large numbers of desirable migrants to settle in North America. Our study highlights the opportunities that discrete episodes of volcanic activity present to probe the complex interrelationships of nature and society.
ER -
BÜNTGEN, Ulf, Olafur EGGERTSSON and Clive OPPENHEIMER. Braided motivations for Iceland's first wave of mass emigration to North America after the 1875 Askja eruption. \textit{Regional Environmental Change}. Springer, 2024, vol.~24, No~2, p.~1-14. ISSN~1436-3798. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-024-02215-6.
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