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@article{2400319,
author = {Sacchi, Bianca and Humphries, Zoë and Kružlicová, Jana and Bodláková, Markéta and Pyne, Cassandre and Choudhury, Baharul I and Gong, Yunchen and Bačovský, Václav and Hobza, Roman and Barrett, Spencer C H and Wright, Stephen I},
article_number = {4},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae074},
keywords = {sex chromosomes; plants; genomics; transposable elements},
language = {eng},
issn = {0737-4038},
journal = {Molecular Biology and Evolution},
title = {Phased Assembly of Neo-Sex Chromosomes Reveals Extensive Y Degeneration and Rapid Genome Evolution in Rumex hastatulus},
url = {https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/41/4/msae074/7644656},
volume = {41},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 2400319
AU - Sacchi, Bianca - Humphries, Zoë - Kružlicová, Jana - Bodláková, Markéta - Pyne, Cassandre - Choudhury, Baharul I - Gong, Yunchen - Bačovský, Václav - Hobza, Roman - Barrett, Spencer C H - Wright, Stephen I
PY - 2024
TI - Phased Assembly of Neo-Sex Chromosomes Reveals Extensive Y Degeneration and Rapid Genome Evolution in Rumex hastatulus
JF - Molecular Biology and Evolution
VL - 41
IS - 4
SP - 1-15
EP - 1-15
PB - Oxford University Press
SN - 07374038
KW - sex chromosomes
KW - plants
KW - genomics
KW - transposable elements
UR - https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/41/4/msae074/7644656
N2 - Y chromosomes are thought to undergo progressive degeneration due to stepwise loss of recombination and subsequent reduction in selection efficiency. However, the timescales and evolutionary forces driving degeneration remain unclear. To investigate the evolution of sex chromosomes on multiple timescales, we generated a high-quality phased genome assembly of the massive older (<10 MYA) and neo (<200,000 yr) sex chromosomes in the XYY cytotype of the dioecious plant Rumex hastatulus and a hermaphroditic outgroup Rumex salicifolius. Our assemblies, supported by fluorescence in situ hybridization, confirmed that the neo-sex chromosomes were formed by two key events: an X-autosome fusion and a reciprocal translocation between the homologous autosome and the Y chromosome. The enormous sex-linked regions of the X (296 Mb) and two Y chromosomes (503 Mb) both evolved from large repeat-rich genomic regions with low recombination; however, the complete loss of recombination on the Y still led to over 30% gene loss and major rearrangements. In the older sex-linked region, there has been a significant increase in transposable element abundance, even into and near genes. In the neo-sex-linked regions, we observed evidence of extensive rearrangements without gene degeneration and loss. Overall, we inferred significant degeneration during the first 10 million years of Y chromosome evolution but not on very short timescales. Our results indicate that even when sex chromosomes emerge from repetitive regions of already-low recombination, the complete loss of recombination on the Y chromosome still leads to a substantial increase in repetitive element content and gene degeneration.
ER -
SACCHI, Bianca, Zo$\backslash$''e HUMPHRIES, Jana KRUŽLICOVÁ, Markéta BODLÁKOVÁ, Cassandre PYNE, Baharul I CHOUDHURY, Yunchen GONG, Václav BAČOVSKÝ, Roman HOBZA, Spencer C H BARRETT and Stephen I WRIGHT. Phased Assembly of Neo-Sex Chromosomes Reveals Extensive Y Degeneration and Rapid Genome Evolution in Rumex hastatulus. \textit{Molecular Biology and Evolution}. Oxford University Press, 2024, vol.~41, No~4, p.~1-15. ISSN~0737-4038. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msae074.
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