The Pattern Glare Test: Further Exploration of Methodological
and Demographic Factors

J 2025

The Pattern Glare Test: Further Exploration of Methodological and Demographic Factors

JURKOVIČOVÁ, Lenka; Julie PÁLENÍK; Alexandra RUŽIČKOVÁ; Robert ROMAN; Milan BRÁZDIL et al.

Základní údaje

Originální název

The Pattern Glare Test: Further Exploration of Methodological and Demographic Factors

Autoři

JURKOVIČOVÁ, Lenka ; Julie PÁLENÍK ; Alexandra RUŽIČKOVÁ ; Robert ROMAN a Milan BRÁZDIL

Vydání

INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, ROCKVILLE, ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, 2025, 0146-0404

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Článek v odborném periodiku

Obor

30103 Neurosciences

Stát vydavatele

Spojené státy

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Odkazy

URL

Impakt faktor

Impact factor: 4.700 v roce 2024

Označené pro přenos do RIV

Ano

Kód RIV

RIV/00216224:14740/25:00142902

Organizační jednotka

Středoevropský technologický institut

Klíčová slova anglicky

pattern sensitivity; perceptual distortions; visual discomfort; pattern glare; cortical hyperexcitability

Štítky

14110127, CF MAFIL, podil, rivok

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 6. 3. 2026 08:31, Mgr. Eva Dubská

Anotace

V originále

PURPOSE. The Pattern Glare Test (PGT) is a widely used tool for assessing visual discomfort and perceptual distortions elicited by repetitive, high-contrast patterns. It has been applied across diverse populations and research fields, including neuroscience, cognitive psychology, optometry, orthoptics, and ophthalmology. Despite its broad use, considerable variation exists in how the PGT is implemented, particularly regarding stimulus parameters, participant characteristics, and scoring methods. Such variability introduces potential confounding factors that may obscure the psychological and neurological mechanisms underlying pattern-induced visual discomfort. METHODS. We analyzed PGT data from 184 neurotypical young adults (72 males and 112 female; mean age = 24.29 years, SD = 4.75) to examine methodological influences on reports of associated visual distortions (AVDs) and discomfort. Our main analyses utilized cumulative link mixed models and cluster analysis of intraindividual responses. RESULTS. Significant effects of trial progression and sex (biological; male/female) on subjective responses have been revealed, with the effect of sex not accounted for by migraine occurrence. Substantial overlap among color-related AVDs supported their consolidation into a single category. Response patterns have been consistent across participants, emphasizing the robustness of the effect of spatial frequencies in the PGT. CONCLUSIONS. These findings demonstrate that the PGT is sensitive to individual differences in visual discomfort, while also highlighting the impact of several confounding variables that require careful consideration. This underscores the importance of methodological standardization and supports the need for future research to refine scoring strategies, thereby enhancing the test's reliability and interpretability in both clinical and research contexts.

Návaznosti

LX22NPO5107, projekt VaV

Název: Národní ústav pro neurologický výzkum

Investor: Ministerstvo školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy ČR, Národní ústav pro neurologický výzkum, 5.1 EXCELES

MUNI/A/1465/2020, interní kód MU

Název: Vědomí a kognice u mozkových onemocnění

Investor: Masarykova univerzita, Vědomí a kognice u mozkových onemocnění

90129, velká výzkumná infrastruktura

Název: Czech-BioImaging II

Přiložené soubory

i1552-5783-66-14-49_1763547973.12252.pdf

Citovat

JURKOVIČOVÁ, Lenka; Julie PÁLENÍK; Alexandra RUŽIČKOVÁ; Robert ROMAN a Milan BRÁZDIL. The Pattern Glare Test: Further Exploration of Methodological and Demographic Factors. INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE. ROCKVILLE: ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, 2025, roč. 66, č. 14, s. 1-10. ISSN 0146-0404. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.14.49.

@article{2540141,
   author = {Jurkovičová, Lenka and Páleník, Julie and Ružičková, Alexandra and Roman, Robert and Brázdil, Milan},
   article_location = {ROCKVILLE},
   article_number = {14},
   doi = {https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.14.49},
   keywords = {pattern sensitivity; perceptual distortions; visual discomfort; pattern glare; cortical hyperexcitability},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0146-0404},
   journal = {INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE},
   title = {The Pattern Glare Test: Further Exploration of Methodological and Demographic Factors},
   url = {https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2811128#248063858},
   volume = {66},
   year = {2025}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2540141
AU  - Jurkovičová, Lenka - Páleník, Julie - Ružičková, Alexandra - Roman, Robert - Brázdil, Milan
PY  - 2025
TI  - The Pattern Glare Test: Further Exploration of Methodological and Demographic Factors
JF  - INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
VL  - 66
IS  - 14
SP  - 1-10
EP  - 1-10
PB  - ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC
SN  - 01460404
KW  - pattern sensitivity
KW  - perceptual distortions
KW  - visual discomfort
KW  - pattern glare
KW  - cortical hyperexcitability
UR  - https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2811128#248063858
N2  - PURPOSE. The Pattern Glare Test (PGT) is a widely used tool for assessing visual discomfort and perceptual distortions elicited by repetitive, high-contrast patterns. It has been applied across diverse populations and research fields, including neuroscience, cognitive psychology, optometry, orthoptics, and ophthalmology. Despite its broad use, considerable variation exists in how the PGT is implemented, particularly regarding stimulus parameters, participant characteristics, and scoring methods. Such variability introduces potential confounding factors that may obscure the psychological and neurological mechanisms underlying pattern-induced visual discomfort. METHODS. We analyzed PGT data from 184 neurotypical young adults (72 males and 112 female; mean age = 24.29 years, SD = 4.75) to examine methodological influences on reports of associated visual distortions (AVDs) and discomfort. Our main analyses utilized cumulative link mixed models and cluster analysis of intraindividual responses. RESULTS. Significant effects of trial progression and sex (biological; male/female) on subjective responses have been revealed, with the effect of sex not accounted for by migraine occurrence. Substantial overlap among color-related AVDs supported their consolidation into a single category. Response patterns have been consistent across participants, emphasizing the robustness of the effect of spatial frequencies in the PGT. CONCLUSIONS. These findings demonstrate that the PGT is sensitive to individual differences in visual discomfort, while also highlighting the impact of several confounding variables that require careful consideration. This underscores the importance of methodological standardization and supports the need for future research to refine scoring strategies, thereby enhancing the test's reliability and interpretability in both clinical and research contexts.
ER  -

JURKOVIČOVÁ, Lenka; Julie PÁLENÍK; Alexandra RUŽIČKOVÁ; Robert ROMAN a Milan BRÁZDIL. The Pattern Glare Test: Further Exploration of Methodological and Demographic Factors. \textit{INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY \&{} VISUAL SCIENCE}. ROCKVILLE: ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, 2025, roč.~66, č.~14, s.~1-10. ISSN~0146-0404. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.14.49.

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