Validity and factor structure of the Czech GAD-7 across twenty
samples and four independent translations

J 2026

Validity and factor structure of the Czech GAD-7 across twenty samples and four independent translations

CÍGLER, Hynek; Petra PÁTKOVÁ DAŇSOVÁ; Alena JAVŮRKOVÁ; Jaroslava RAUDENSKÁ; Ondřej PRIKNER et al.

Základní údaje

Originální název

Validity and factor structure of the Czech GAD-7 across twenty samples and four independent translations

Autoři

CÍGLER, Hynek ; Petra PÁTKOVÁ DAŇSOVÁ ; Alena JAVŮRKOVÁ; Jaroslava RAUDENSKÁ a Ondřej PRIKNER

Vydání

JOURNAL OF ANXIETY DISORDERS, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2026, 0887-6185

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Článek v odborném periodiku

Obor

50101 Psychology

Stát vydavatele

Spojené státy

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Odkazy

Data and analytical script, article - open access

Impakt faktor

Impact factor: 4.500 v roce 2024

Označené pro přenos do RIV

Ano

Organizační jednotka

Fakulta sociálních studií

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103149

UT WoS

001722550100001

Klíčová slova česky

Generalized anxiety disorder; GAD-7; Measurement invariance; Factor structure; Czech population; Sensitivity to change

Klíčová slova anglicky

Generalized anxiety disorder; GAD-7; Measurement invariance; Factor structure; Czech population; Sensitivity to change

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 31. 3. 2026 21:51, Mgr. Hynek Cígler, Ph.D.

Anotace

V originále

The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item questionnaire (GAD-7) is a widely used screening tool for anxiety symptoms; however, its psychometric properties have not yet been comprehensively evaluated in the Czech population, where at least four independent and competing translations are commonly used. This study examined the factor structure, measurement invariance, reliability, and sensitivity to change of the Czech GAD-7 across 20 adult samples (N = 5529), including both general population and psychiatric patients. Two samples contained repeated measurements over two or four time points. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a unidimensional structure, consistent with the scale’s original conceptualization and widespread use. Measurement invariance up to the residual level was established across gender, clinical status, and time, and–except for one translation containing a wording issue–also across translations, indicating that item functioning is highly robust to differences in wording. The GAD-7 demonstrated good internal consistency (median α =.86), moderate test–retest stability across major life events (r = .46–.53), and clear sensitivity to change during psychotherapy (ΔSE = 2.65; reliable change threshold ±5.2 points). Percentile-based Czech norms were developed for both general and psychiatric populations based on convenient samples. Overall, these findings provide strong empirical support for the GAD-7 as a reliable and valid measure of anxiety symptoms in Czech clinical and research contexts, enabling meaningful comparisons across populations and existing translations. The demonstrated robustness across translations and minimal sensitivity to specific wording informs future cross-linguistic adaptations and validation efforts.

Návaznosti

EH22_008/0004583, projekt VaV

Název: Excelentní výzkum v oblasti digitálních technologií a wellbeingu

MUNI/A/1708/2024, interní kód MU

Název: Výzkum vztahů 2025

Investor: Masarykova univerzita, Výzkum vztahů 2025

Přiložené soubory

cigler2026.pdf

Citovat

CÍGLER, Hynek; Petra PÁTKOVÁ DAŇSOVÁ; Alena JAVŮRKOVÁ; Jaroslava RAUDENSKÁ a Ondřej PRIKNER. Validity and factor structure of the Czech GAD-7 across twenty samples and four independent translations. JOURNAL OF ANXIETY DISORDERS. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2026, roč. 120, June, s. 1-12. ISSN 0887-6185. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103149.

@article{2561599,
   author = {Cígler, Hynek and Pátková Daňsová, Petra and Javůrková, Alena and Raudenská, Jaroslava and Prikner, Ondřej},
   article_number = {June},
   doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103149},
   keywords = {Generalized anxiety disorder; GAD-7; Measurement invariance; Factor structure; Czech population; Sensitivity to change},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0887-6185},
   journal = {JOURNAL OF ANXIETY DISORDERS},
   title = {Validity and factor structure of the Czech GAD-7 across twenty samples and four independent translations},
   url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887618526000411},
   volume = {120},
   year = {2026}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2561599
AU  - Cígler, Hynek - Pátková Daňsová, Petra - Javůrková, Alena - Raudenská, Jaroslava - Prikner, Ondřej
PY  - 2026
TI  - Validity and factor structure of the Czech GAD-7 across twenty samples and four independent translations
JF  - JOURNAL OF ANXIETY DISORDERS
VL  - 120
IS  - June
SP  - 1-12
EP  - 1-12
PB  - PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
SN  - 08876185
KW  - Generalized anxiety disorder
KW  - GAD-7
KW  - Measurement invariance
KW  - Factor structure
KW  - Czech population
KW  - Sensitivity to change
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887618526000411
N2  - The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item questionnaire (GAD-7) is a widely used screening tool for anxiety symptoms; however, its psychometric properties have not yet been comprehensively evaluated in the Czech population, where at least four independent and competing translations are commonly used. This study examined the factor structure, measurement invariance, reliability, and sensitivity to change of the Czech GAD-7 across 20 adult samples (N = 5529), including both general population and psychiatric patients. Two samples contained repeated measurements over two or four time points. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a unidimensional structure, consistent with the scale’s original conceptualization and widespread use. Measurement invariance up to the residual level was established across gender, clinical status, and time, and–except for one translation containing a wording issue–also across translations, indicating that item functioning is highly robust to differences in wording. The GAD-7 demonstrated good internal consistency (median α =.86), moderate test–retest stability across major life events (r = .46–.53), and clear sensitivity to change during psychotherapy (ΔSE = 2.65; reliable change threshold ±5.2 points). Percentile-based Czech norms were developed for both general and psychiatric populations based on convenient samples. Overall, these findings provide strong empirical support for the GAD-7 as a reliable and valid measure of anxiety symptoms in Czech clinical and research contexts, enabling meaningful comparisons across populations and existing translations. The demonstrated robustness across translations and minimal sensitivity to specific wording informs future cross-linguistic adaptations and validation efforts.
ER  -

CÍGLER, Hynek; Petra PÁTKOVÁ DAŇSOVÁ; Alena JAVŮRKOVÁ; Jaroslava RAUDENSKÁ a Ondřej PRIKNER. Validity and factor structure of the Czech GAD-7 across twenty samples and four independent translations. \textit{JOURNAL OF ANXIETY DISORDERS}. PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2026, roč.~120, June, s.~1-12. ISSN~0887-6185. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103149.

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