This thesis elaborates the self-loathing discourse in the theme of modernization in 20th century Chinese literature. The main question is how the discourse of self-loathing is elaborated in chosen works from the 20th century and how is it evolving during this century. This work is divided into four chapters. The first one contains the definition of self-loathing, the presentation of main historical events of the 20th century and philosophical changes in Chinese society during the 20th century. The second chapter presents the authors, their lives, creation, writing style and general attitude towards modernisation of Chinese society. The third chapter contains the discourse analysis of chosen literature works and presents the concrete examples of discourse of self-loathing, which were found. The cited examples of elaboration of self-loathing are followed by interpretation of these examples based on secondary literature sources. The analysis of examples of self-loathing discourse answers the question how the discourse of self-loathing is elaborated in chosen literature works. Furthermore, the examples set the base for the fourth chapter. The fourth chapter analyses different causes for discourse of self-loathing. The causes for selfloathing are found in concrete elaboration of self-loathing and they evolve during the 20th century. The reasons for self-loathing in general are political or social change, author's personal experience with modernisation and therefore his attitude towards the modernisation. Finally, the analysis of this thesis proved that the discourse of self-loathing is present during the whole 20th century, the authors feel need to point out the problems of China and to call for improvement of Chinese nation till present. However, the reasons for self-loathing changed over time with evolution of Chinese society and its problems.