Overview

Immunisation is a cornerstone of global health, preventing an estimated 3.5–5 million deaths annually through protection against diseases such as measles, polio, tetanus, and influenza. The lecture covers key historical milestones including the eradication of smallpox, the near-eradication of polio, and recent advances such as mRNA vaccines. Current global trends highlight both progress and setbacks, with immunisation rates stagnating or declining in several regions due to pandemic-related disruptions.

Two major challenges are explored: vaccine hesitancy—driven by misinformation, complacency, and distrust—and inequitable access, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Strategies to address these issues include improving healthcare provider communication, community engagement, policy reforms, and leveraging digital tools for tracking and outreach.

Case studies from Estonia and the Czech Republic illustrate contrasting policy approaches (voluntary vs mandatory) and the role of digital infrastructure and public trust. Examples of successful global campaigns, such as those targeting meningitis, HPV, and measles, provide insights into effective implementation strategies.

The material emphasises the importance of immunisation in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and underscores the role of evidence-based policy, innovation, and equity in strengthening immunisation systems worldwide. Health professionals play a central role in fostering vaccine confidence and ensuring broad population coverage.

Presentation

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