AJ02006 Úvod do lingvistiky

Filozofická fakulta
jaro 2000
Rozsah
0/1/0. 2 kr. Ukončení: PZk.
Vyučující
PhDr. Milan Růžička (přednášející)
Garance
Ing. Mgr. Jiří Rambousek, Ph.D.
Katedra anglistiky a amerikanistiky – Filozofická fakulta
Kontaktní osoba: Mgr. Michaela Hrazdílková
Omezení zápisu do předmětu
Předmět je určen pouze studentům mateřských oborů.

Jiné omezení: 4 skupin studentů
Mateřské obory/plány
Osnova
  • The course provides an introduction into a general linguistic theory. The focus is on what has been so far recognized as the central aspects of natural language as human mental resource. The objectives of the course are: a) mastering the terminology of four subdisciplines (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics), b) introducing the research methods used, c) discussing the main areas of controversy and of possible future progress in investigation of languages. The course runs parallel to D. Bolinger's Aspects of Language, chapters 2 to 6. Schedule of topics: 1 morphology: types of words and morphemes, realization of morphemes 2 morphology: internal structure of words, word-formation 3 morphology: inflections, functional heads within IP 4 syntax: categories, constituensts, PS-rules 5 syntax: structural nodes - complements, specifiers, adjuncts 6 syntax: case and agreement, movements and constraints on movements 7 semantics: compositionality, scope, c-command, binding 8 semantics: theta-roles, linking theory 9 semantics: features of lexical items 10 phonology: contrast, distribution, phonemes, allophones 11 phonology: features, rules, rule notation 12 phonology: syllabification, stress rules
Literatura
  • BOLINGER, Dwight Le Merton. Aspects of language. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1975, xvii, 682. ISBN 0-15-503868-0. info
Metody hodnocení
Seminar; written exams at midterm and at the end of the sester
Vyučovací jazyk
Angličtina
Informace učitele
Schedule of topics: 1 morphology: types of words and morphemes, realization of morphemes 2 morphology: internal structure of words, word-formation 3 morphology: inflections, functional heads within IP 4 syntax: categories, constituensts, PS-rules 5 syntax: structural nodes - complements, specifiers, adjuncts 6 syntax: case and agreement, movements and constraints on movements 7 semantics: compositionality, scope, c-command, binding 8 semantics: theta-roles, linking theory 9 semantics: features of lexical items 10 phonology: contrast, distribution, phonemes, allophones 11 phonology: features, rules, rule notation 12 phonology: syllabification, stress rules MORPHOLOGY WEEK ONE (Some preliminary definitions) MORPHOLOGY = that part of linguistics which is concerned with the internal make-up of words. WORD = an association between sound and meaning that fill some syntactic slot. Some words can be decomposed into smaller meaningful units. MORPHEME = any subword unit which is assumed to have some typical form and a f ixed meaning. Every word is made up of one or more morphemes. FREE MORPHEMES = usually full lexical items. They can stand alone, in an extreme case, they can form a one word sentence. BOUND MORPHEMES = units that cannot stand alone, usually functional items like Case (Dative), Singular, Plural, Past Tense etc. In some languages bound morphemes are of abstract nature, the concrete units by which they are implemented are then called MORPHS. ALLOMORPHS= variant realizations of a morpheme (or a cluster of abstract morphemes), also called alternants. See: allomorphic variation ABLAUT= replacement of a vowel with a different vowel; one of several devices to mark a word for some grammatical category. MORPHOLOGY-BASED TYPOLOGY OF LANGUAGES: Traditional (going back to Humboldt) but still useful classification of languages into isolating, agglutinating, fusional and polysynthetic (incorporating) This division is actually based on 2 parameters: a) the number of morphemes per word (index of synthesis) b) the extent to which morphemes within a word are actually segmentable (index of fusion) Examples: 1) In a pure isolating language, morpheme = word. We say there is no morphology in such a language, and the second criterion does not apply, there being no possibility of fusion. 2) A hardly possible extreme would be a higly synthetic but totally fusional language (with both indices high). 3) The traditional class of agglutinating languages are those with a low index of fusion and a relatively high index of synthesis.
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