C7456 Separation of the Enantiomers of Organic Molecules

Přírodovědecká fakulta
jaro 2005
Rozsah
0/0. 2 kr. (plus 1 za zk). Doporučované ukončení: k. Jiná možná ukončení: zk.
Vyučující
Prof. Dr. Albrecht Mannschreck (přednášející), prof. RNDr. Milan Potáček, CSc. (zástupce)
Garance
prof. RNDr. Milan Potáček, CSc.
Chemická sekce – Přírodovědecká fakulta
Kontaktní osoba: prof. RNDr. Milan Potáček, CSc.
Předpoklady
For students having basic knowledge of Organic Chemistry
Omezení zápisu do předmětu
Předmět je nabízen i studentům mimo mateřské obory.
Mateřské obory/plány
Cíle předmětu
Separation of the Enantiomers of Organic Molecules This lecture deals with a particular aspect of stereochemistry which finds considerable academic and industrial application. Analytical and preparative techniques will be presented. Many of the methods applied use nonbonding intermolecular interactions; these differentiations of enantiomers can be considered and treated as "Applied Supramolecular Chemistry". Examples stem from synthetic, pharmaceutical and ecological chemistry. From earlier studies, stereoisomers and their relationships should be familiar to the students. An attempt will be made to take into account the participants' knowledge of English language. A few exercises (and later the solutions) will be distributed. The lecture will be presented by Prof. Dr.Albrecht Mannschreck Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg albrecht.mannschreck@chemie.uni-regensburg.de http://www.chemie.uni-regensburg.de
Osnova
  • 1) Sources of individual enantiomers Enantioselective syntheses, so-called pools of chiral molecules as well as preparative separations represent possible sources. 2) Separations via transformations into diastereomers The latter can be enriched by crystallization. Derivatizations via formation of covalent bonds give rise to diastereomeric molecules; noncovalent intermolecular interactions give rise to diastereomeric salts or complexes. 3) Kinetic resolution of racemates The enantiomers react at unequal rates with a nonracemic reagent or catalyst, the latter frequently being an enzyme. 4) Separation by direct crystallization of enantiomers No auxiliary is required, but the method is restricted to approximately 10% of the known racemates. 5) Separation by capillary electrophoresis A nonracemic auxiliary is added to the buffer solution of the usual electrophoresis technique. 6) Separation by caplillary gas chromatography In this method, an enantioselective stationary phase is necessary. 7) Separation by liquid chromatography The stationary phase for this technique must be enantioselective. UV absorption, polarimetry or circular dichroism may be used for the detection of the peaks. Eventually, the spectra corresponding to the peaks are obtained in addition. 8) Practical significance of individual enantiomers The latter represent starting materials for syntheses and they are important as auxiliaries in chemistry. Individual enantiomers also serve as drugs, herbicides, insecticides, food additives, taste substances, odorants and pheromones.
Metody hodnocení
A written test is expected at the end of course or later at the end of term
Vyučovací jazyk
Angličtina
Další komentáře
Předmět je vyučován jednorázově.
Výuka probíhá blokově.
Výuka proběhne v týdnu 7. - 18.3.2005 v seminární místnosti NCBR takto: 7.-9.3.2005 10 -12 hod., 10.3.2005 13-15 hod., 14. - 16.3.2005 10-12 hod., 17.3.2005 13 - 15 hod., 18.3.2003 10 - 12 hod.
  • Statistika zápisu (nejnovější)
  • Permalink: https://is.muni.cz/predmet/sci/jaro2005/C7456