Bi1099 Mycorrhizal symbioses - from genes to biotechnology

Přírodovědecká fakulta
jaro 2006
Rozsah
1/0. 1 kr. (plus ukončení). Ukončení: zk.
Vyučující
Mgr. Miroslav Vosátka, CSc. (přednášející), RNDr. Milan Baláž, Ph.D. (zástupce)
Garance
prof. Ing. Miloš Barták, CSc.
Ústav experimentální biologie – Biologická sekce – Přírodovědecká fakulta
Kontaktní osoba: RNDr. Milan Baláž, Ph.D.
Předpoklady
NOW( Bi1099c Mycorrhizal symbioses - pr. )
Omezení zápisu do předmětu
Předmět je nabízen i studentům mimo mateřské obory.
Mateřské obory/plány
Cíle předmětu
Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a relationship between soil borne mycorrhizal fungi and roots of majority of terrestrial higher plants. In majority of cases this relationship is beneficial for both partners - plant and fungus. Mycorrhiza has not only highly significant effects on individual plant but it also influences plant community structure and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. There are highly significant changes in plant physiology due to formation of mycorrhiza. The main changes are in nutrients uptake, exudation and hormonal balance of the plants. Mycorrhizal plants also differ in interaction with other biota in the rhizosphere and influence differently soil properties as compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. The lecture covers basic characteristics of mycorrhizal symbioses in respect to plant physiology and ecology, plant nutrition and stress tolerance. Scope of the lecture comes from molecular principles of symbiotic specificity, recognition of symbionts and their regulation to practical applications of mycorrhizal technology in horticulture, agriculture and forestry. The lecture is complemented by practices where the main techniques of mycorrhizal research and applications are demonstrated (laboratory and field sampling, detection of mycorrhizal fungi in plant roots, production of mycorrhizal inocula and its use for plant inoculations).
Osnova
  • SYLLABUS OF THE LECTURE: 1. Introduction to ecophysiology of mycorrhizal symbioses: types and occurrence of mycorrhizas, basic physiological aspects. 2. Taxonomy and molecular identification of fungi, recent knowledge on fungal genetics. 3. Uptake of water and nutrients, hormonal balance and physiological response of plants induced by the symbiosis. 4. Adaptation of mycorrhizal plants to environmental stresses and mechanisms of plant response to xenobiotics heavy metals and organic pollutants. 5. Morphological and anatomical changes of mycorrhizal plant roots 6. Physiological changes of plants and effects of mycorrhiza on plant interaction in communities. 7. Changes of soil environment induced by mycorrhizal symbioses and their effects on plant nutrition and growth. 8. Interaction of mycorrhizal fungi and other rhizosphere microorganisms (actinomycetes, bacteria, saprotrophic and parasitic fungi). 9. Interaction of mycorrhizal plant roots with other biotic components of the rhizosphere (insects, nematodes, collembolans, mites etc.). 10. Practical aspects of mycorrhizal symbioses in plant production. 11. Overview of literature, preparations for exams
Literatura
  • SMITH, SE a DJ READ. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press, 2008, 800 s. ISBN 978-0123705266. info
  • GRYNDLER, Milan, Milan BALÁŽ, Hana HRŠELOVÁ, Jan JANSA a Miroslav VOSÁTKA. Mykorhizní symbióza. O soužití hub s kořeny rostlin. 1. vydání. Praha: Academia, 2004, 366 s. 1. vydání. ISBN 80-200-1240-0. info
Vyučovací jazyk
Angličtina
Další komentáře
Předmět je vyučován každoročně.
Předmět je zařazen také v obdobích jaro 2008 - akreditace, jaro 2011 - akreditace, jaro 2007, jaro 2008, jaro 2009, jaro 2010, jaro 2012 - akreditace, podzim 2016, jaro 2017, podzim 2017, jaro 2018, podzim 2018.