IC012 Criteria of distinguishing the Neogene karst fills from the Quaternary ones in the Swietokrzyskie (Holy Cross) Mts.,Cent. Poland

Přírodovědecká fakulta
podzim 2006
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0/0. 4 kr. Ukončení: z.
Vyučující
Dr. Jan Urban (přednášející)
Garance
prof. RNDr. Rudolf Musil, DrSc.
Ústav geologických věd – Sekce věd o Zemi – Přírodovědecká fakulta
Kontaktní osoba: prof. RNDr. Rudolf Musil, DrSc.
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First part: The Swietokrzyskie (Holy Cross) Mts are abounding with karst forms developed in the Middle and Upper Devonian carbonates and Upper Jurassic limestones. Most of them formed during the Cenozoic karst period since the Palaeogene, although some ones represent Permian-Triassic forms often rejuvenated later. The Neogene time characterised by warm and generally humid climatic conditions are commonly considered as the main stage of the Cenozoic karst development in this region. But surface and subsurface relict karst and paleokarst forms (caves, sinkholes, etc.) exist there now and have undergone more or less extensive evolution during the Quaternary. Therefore the problem of identification the Quaternary changes of the karst forms and especially the Quaternary sediments in these forms seems to be importatnt. There are only a few paleontological sites where the age of the karst fills were documented: Kadzielnia (Pliocene-Early Pleistocene), Kozi Grzbiet (Middle Pleistocene, Mindel) and Raj cave (Late Pleistocene, Würm). In the other several sites, the age of the calcite speleothems was analysed by U/Th method. Majority of the dates are older than the Pleistocene or represent the Middle Pleistocene. But in the case of numerous karst forms filled by clayey-clastic sediments (mainly sinkholes, also subsurface conduits) the lithological differences can be the only features diagnostic for their age. Lithology is usually controlled by climatic and environmental conditions, thus it cannot be used to determine exact stratigraphic position. But the environmental and mainly climatic differences between the Pliocene and Pleistocene in Central Europe were so distinct that they were marked by specific lithological features. During the Pleistocene the Swietokrzyskie Mts were situated in cold or moderate climate zone respectively in the glacial or interglacial periods. During the south-Polish glacials (2-4 glaciations) the region was totally or almost totally covered by ice-sheet, but the remnants of these glacials are rare in its central part. And the pebbles of magmatic rocks derived from the north (Scandinavia) are pretty rare in the karst fills. The most evident example of the glacial sediment – thin blanket of boulder clay was recorded in the Skaly site, NE part of the region. Horizontal position of the blanket indicates insignificant karst development in the Pleistocene. Composition and shape of sand grains (in sands and sand fraction of clayey fills) are important features diagnostic for the Pleistocene and Neogene fills, defined during the studies of karst in the Swietokrzyskie Mts. Distinct difference in the composition of the heavy minerals assemblages between pre-Pleistocene and Pleistocene sands are typical for Polish area.
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Angličtina
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The anotaion has been divided into the two parts.
Předmět je zařazen také v obdobích podzim 2007 - akreditace, podzim 2008.