Comparative assessment of the environmental hazards of and
exposure to perfluoroalkyl phosphonic and phosphinic acids
(PFPAs and PFPiAs): Current knowledge, gaps, challenges and
research needs

J 2016

Comparative assessment of the environmental hazards of and exposure to perfluoroalkyl phosphonic and phosphinic acids (PFPAs and PFPiAs): Current knowledge, gaps, challenges and research needs

WANG, Zhanyun; Ian T. COUSINS; Urs BERGER; Konrad HUNGERBUHLER; Martin SCHERINGER et al.

Basic information

Original name

Comparative assessment of the environmental hazards of and exposure to perfluoroalkyl phosphonic and phosphinic acids (PFPAs and PFPiAs): Current knowledge, gaps, challenges and research needs

Authors

WANG, Zhanyun; Ian T. COUSINS; Urs BERGER; Konrad HUNGERBUHLER and Martin SCHERINGER

Edition

Environment International, OXFORD (ENGLAND), Pergamon Press, 2016, 0160-4120

Other information

Language

English

Type of outcome

Article in a journal

Field of Study

30304 Public and environmental health

Country of publisher

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Confidentiality degree

is not subject to a state or trade secret

References:

URL

Impact factor

Impact factor: 7.088

Marked to be transferred to RIV

Yes

RIV identification code

RIV/00216224:14310/16:00089992

Organization unit

Faculty of Science

Keywords in English

Life-cycle; PBT assessment; Environmental fate and transport; Environmental occurrence; Exposure routes; Sampling and analytical challenges; PFPAs and PFPiAs

Abstract

In the original language

Perfluoroalkyl phosphonic and phosphinic acids (PFPAs and PFPiAs) are sub-groups of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) that have been commercialized since the 1970s, particularly as defoamers in pesticide formulations and wetting agents in consumer products. Recently, C-4/C-4 PFPiA and its derivatives have been presented as alternatives to long-chain PFASs in certain applications. In this study, we systematically assess the publicly available information on the hazardous properties, occurrence, and exposure routes of PFPAs and PFPiAs, and make comparisons to the corresponding properties of their better-known carboxylic and sulfonic acid analogs (i.e. PFCAs and PFPAs). This comparative assessment indicates that [i] PFPAs likely have high persistence and long-range transport potential; [ii] PFPiAs may transform to PFPAs (and possibly PFCAs) in the environment and biota; [iii] certain PFPAs and PFPiAs can only be slowly eliminated from rainbow trout and rats, similarly to long-chain PFCAs and PFPAs; [iv] PFPAs and PFPiAs have modes-of-action that are both similar to, and different from, those of PFCAs and PFSAs; and [v] the measured levels of PFPAs/PFPiAs in the global environment and biota appear to be low in comparison to PFCAs and PFPAs, suggesting, for the time being, low risks from PFPAs and PFPiAs alone. Although risks from individual PFPAs/PFPiAs are currently low, their ongoing production and use and high persistence will lead to increasing exposure and risks over time. Furthermore, simultaneous exposure to PFPAs, PFPiAs and other PFASs may result in additive effects necessitating cumulative risk assessments. To facilitate effective future research, we highlight possible strategies to overcome sampling and analytical challenges.

Links

EF15_003/0000469, research and development project

Name: Cetocoen Plus

LM2015051, research and development project

Name: Centrum pro výzkum toxických látek v prostředí (Acronym: RECETOX RI)

Investor: Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the CR

Cite

WANG, Zhanyun; Ian T. COUSINS; Urs BERGER; Konrad HUNGERBUHLER and Martin SCHERINGER. Comparative assessment of the environmental hazards of and exposure to perfluoroalkyl phosphonic and phosphinic acids (PFPAs and PFPiAs): Current knowledge, gaps, challenges and research needs. Environment International. OXFORD (ENGLAND): Pergamon Press, 2016, 89-90, April-May, p. 235-247. ISSN 0160-4120. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.01.023.

@article{1345803,
   author = {Wang, Zhanyun and Cousins, Ian T. and Berger, Urs and Hungerbuhler, Konrad and Scheringer, Martin},
   article_location = {OXFORD (ENGLAND)},
   article_number = {April-May},
   doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.01.023},
   keywords = {Life-cycle; PBT assessment; Environmental fate and transport; Environmental occurrence; Exposure routes; Sampling and analytical challenges; PFPAs and PFPiAs},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0160-4120},
   journal = {Environment International},
   title = {Comparative assessment of the environmental hazards of and exposure to perfluoroalkyl phosphonic and phosphinic acids (PFPAs and PFPiAs): Current knowledge, gaps, challenges and research needs},
   url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412016300241},
   volume = {89-90},
   year = {2016}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1345803
AU  - Wang, Zhanyun - Cousins, Ian T. - Berger, Urs - Hungerbuhler, Konrad - Scheringer, Martin
PY  - 2016
TI  - Comparative assessment of the environmental hazards of and exposure to perfluoroalkyl phosphonic and phosphinic acids (PFPAs and PFPiAs): Current knowledge, gaps, challenges and research needs
JF  - Environment International
VL  - 89-90
IS  - April-May
SP  - 235-247
EP  - 235-247
PB  - Pergamon Press
SN  - 01604120
KW  - Life-cycle
KW  - PBT assessment
KW  - Environmental fate and transport
KW  - Environmental occurrence
KW  - Exposure routes
KW  - Sampling and analytical challenges
KW  - PFPAs and PFPiAs
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412016300241
L2  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412016300241
N2  - Perfluoroalkyl phosphonic and phosphinic acids (PFPAs and PFPiAs) are sub-groups of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) that have been commercialized since the 1970s, particularly as defoamers in pesticide formulations and wetting agents in consumer products. Recently, C-4/C-4 PFPiA and its derivatives have been presented as alternatives to long-chain PFASs in certain applications. In this study, we systematically assess the publicly available information on the hazardous properties, occurrence, and exposure routes of PFPAs and PFPiAs, and make comparisons to the corresponding properties of their better-known carboxylic and sulfonic acid analogs (i.e. PFCAs and PFPAs). This comparative assessment indicates that [i] PFPAs likely have high persistence and long-range transport potential; [ii] PFPiAs may transform to PFPAs (and possibly PFCAs) in the environment and biota; [iii] certain PFPAs and PFPiAs can only be slowly eliminated from rainbow trout and rats, similarly to long-chain PFCAs and PFPAs; [iv] PFPAs and PFPiAs have modes-of-action that are both similar to, and different from, those of PFCAs and PFSAs; and [v] the measured levels of PFPAs/PFPiAs in the global environment and biota appear to be low in comparison to PFCAs and PFPAs, suggesting, for the time being, low risks from PFPAs and PFPiAs alone. Although risks from individual PFPAs/PFPiAs are currently low, their ongoing production and use and high persistence will lead to increasing exposure and risks over time. Furthermore, simultaneous exposure to PFPAs, PFPiAs and other PFASs may result in additive effects necessitating cumulative risk assessments. To facilitate effective future research, we highlight possible strategies to overcome sampling and analytical challenges.
ER  -

WANG, Zhanyun; Ian T. COUSINS; Urs BERGER; Konrad HUNGERBUHLER and Martin SCHERINGER. Comparative assessment of the environmental hazards of and exposure to perfluoroalkyl phosphonic and phosphinic acids (PFPAs and PFPiAs): Current knowledge, gaps, challenges and research needs. \textit{Environment International}. OXFORD (ENGLAND): Pergamon Press, 2016, 89-90, April-May, p.~235-247. ISSN~0160-4120. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.01.023.

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