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@article{1505759,
author = {Tseliou, Fotini and Pappas, Periklis and Spyrou, Konstantinos and Hrbáč, Jan and Prodromidis, Mamas},
article_location = {Oxford},
article_number = {1 May 2019},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.001},
keywords = {Flunitrazepam; Rohypnol; Drug-facilitated sexual assault; Date-rape drugs; Screen-printed sparked electrodes; Point-of-need voltammetric sensors},
language = {eng},
issn = {0956-5663},
journal = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics},
title = {Lab-on-a-screen-printed electrochemical cell for drop-volume voltammetric screening of flunitrazepam in untreated, undiluted alcoholic and soft drinks},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566319301757},
volume = {132},
year = {2019}
}
TY - JOUR
ID - 1505759
AU - Tseliou, Fotini - Pappas, Periklis - Spyrou, Konstantinos - Hrbáč, Jan - Prodromidis, Mamas
PY - 2019
TI - Lab-on-a-screen-printed electrochemical cell for drop-volume voltammetric screening of flunitrazepam in untreated, undiluted alcoholic and soft drinks
JF - Biosensors and Bioelectronics
VL - 132
IS - 1 May 2019
SP - 136-142
EP - 136-142
PB - Elsevier
SN - 09565663
KW - Flunitrazepam
KW - Rohypnol
KW - Drug-facilitated sexual assault
KW - Date-rape drugs
KW - Screen-printed sparked electrodes
KW - Point-of-need voltammetric sensors
UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566319301757
L2 - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566319301757
N2 - Flunitrazepam, also known as “Rohypnol” or “Rophy” among other trade and street names, is an extremely potent benzodiazepine that is prescribed to treat severe insomnia. Due to these attributes, flunitrazepam, when is surreptitiously administered to an alcoholic or soft drink, is associated with “drug-facilitated sexual assault”. We report here for the first time, a low cost lab-on-a-screen-printed electrochemical cell (SPC) based on iron-sparked graphite working electrode modified with glucose oxidase (GOx) and glucose hydrogel droplets (GluHD) for the detection of flunitrazepam. Iron-spark modification increases the response of the sensor by ca. 3-fold compared with that of the plain electrode, while an in situ deoxygenation process, based on GOx-glucose enzyme reaction, depletes dissolved oxygen. As a result, the method enables interference free voltammetric measurements of the electro reduction of the nitro group of flunitrazepam at ca. -0.71 to -0.78 V vs. Ag printed pseudo reference electrode depending on the sample's matrix, and the detection of the drug at the sub-millimolar level. GOx/GluHD-FeSPC was directly applied to the drop-volume (~60 uL) detection of flunitrazepam to a wide range of untreated and undiluted spiked samples (Pepsi cola, Vodka, Whisky, Tequila, Gin, and Rum) of different acidity (pH 2.3–8.4), and alcohol content up to 40% v/v. Data demonstrate the excellent performance of the sensor for point-of-need screening of flunitrazepam and suggest that GOx/GluHD-FeSPC holds promise as an effective analytical tool to prevent phenomena of covert drug administration.
ER -
TSELIOU, Fotini, Periklis PAPPAS, Konstantinos SPYROU, Jan HRBÁČ a Mamas PRODROMIDIS. Lab-on-a-screen-printed electrochemical cell for drop-volume voltammetric screening of flunitrazepam in untreated, undiluted alcoholic and soft drinks. \textit{Biosensors and Bioelectronics}. Oxford: Elsevier, roč.~132, 1 May 2019, s.~136-142. ISSN~0956-5663. doi:10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.001. 2019.
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