High Specific Efficiency of Venom of Two Prey-Specialized
Spiders

J 2019

High Specific Efficiency of Venom of Two Prey-Specialized Spiders

MICHÁLEK, Ondřej; Lucia KUHN-NENTWIG a Stanislav PEKÁR

Základní údaje

Originální název

High Specific Efficiency of Venom of Two Prey-Specialized Spiders

Autoři

MICHÁLEK, Ondřej; Lucia KUHN-NENTWIG a Stanislav PEKÁR

Vydání

TOXINS, BASEL, MDPI, 2019, 2072-6651

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Článek v odborném periodiku

Obor

10600 1.6 Biological sciences

Stát vydavatele

Švýcarsko

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Odkazy

URL

Impakt faktor

Impact factor: 3.531

Označené pro přenos do RIV

Ano

Kód RIV

RIV/00216224:14310/19:00107942

Organizační jednotka

Přírodovědecká fakulta

Klíčová slova anglicky

LD50; toxicity; Araneae; predator-prey interactions; specialization; venom ecological function; ecological niche

Štítky

rivok

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 28. 3. 2020 13:23, Mgr. Marie Novosadová Šípková, DiS.

Anotace

V originále

The venom of predators should be under strong selection pressure because it is a costly substance and prey may potentially become resistant. Particularly in prey-specialized predators, venom should be selected for its high efficiency against the focal prey. Very effective venom paralysis has been observed in specialized predators, such as spiders preying on dangerous prey. Here, we compared the toxicity of the venoms of two prey-specialized species, araneophagous Palpimanus sp. and myrmecophagous Zodarion nitidum, and their related generalist species. We injected different venom concentrations into two prey types-the prey preferred by a specialist and an alternative prey-and observed the mortality and the paralysis of the prey within 24 h. We found that the venoms of specialists were far more potent towards the preferred prey than alternative prey. The venoms of generalists were similarly potent towards both prey types. In addition, we tested the efficacy of two venom fractions (smaller and larger than 10 kDa) in araneophagous Palpimanus sp. Compounds larger than 10 kDa paralyzed both prey types, but smaller compounds (<10 kDa) were effective only on preferred prey, suggesting the presence of prey-specific compounds in the latter fraction. Our results confirm that prey-specialized spiders possess highly specific venom that allows them to subdue dangerous prey.

Návaznosti

GA15-14762S, projekt VaV

Název: Koevoluce potravní-specializace a složení jedu u pavouků

Investor: Grantová agentura ČR, Koevoluce potravní-specializace a složení jedu u pavouků

Citovat

MICHÁLEK, Ondřej; Lucia KUHN-NENTWIG a Stanislav PEKÁR. High Specific Efficiency of Venom of Two Prey-Specialized Spiders. TOXINS. BASEL: MDPI, 2019, roč. 11, č. 12, s. 1-12. ISSN 2072-6651. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120687.

@article{1599658,
   author = {Michálek, Ondřej and KuhnandNentwig, Lucia and Pekár, Stanislav},
   article_location = {BASEL},
   article_number = {12},
   doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120687},
   keywords = {LD50; toxicity; Araneae; predator-prey interactions; specialization; venom ecological function; ecological niche},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {2072-6651},
   journal = {TOXINS},
   title = {High Specific Efficiency of Venom of Two Prey-Specialized Spiders},
   url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/12/687},
   volume = {11},
   year = {2019}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1599658
AU  - Michálek, Ondřej - Kuhn-Nentwig, Lucia - Pekár, Stanislav
PY  - 2019
TI  - High Specific Efficiency of Venom of Two Prey-Specialized Spiders
JF  - TOXINS
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
SP  - 1-12
EP  - 1-12
PB  - MDPI
SN  - 20726651
KW  - LD50
KW  - toxicity
KW  - Araneae
KW  - predator-prey interactions
KW  - specialization
KW  - venom ecological function
KW  - ecological niche
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/12/687
L2  - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/12/687
N2  - The venom of predators should be under strong selection pressure because it is a costly substance and prey may potentially become resistant. Particularly in prey-specialized predators, venom should be selected for its high efficiency against the focal prey. Very effective venom paralysis has been observed in specialized predators, such as spiders preying on dangerous prey. Here, we compared the toxicity of the venoms of two prey-specialized species, araneophagous Palpimanus sp. and myrmecophagous Zodarion nitidum, and their related generalist species. We injected different venom concentrations into two prey types-the prey preferred by a specialist and an alternative prey-and observed the mortality and the paralysis of the prey within 24 h. We found that the venoms of specialists were far more potent towards the preferred prey than alternative prey. The venoms of generalists were similarly potent towards both prey types. In addition, we tested the efficacy of two venom fractions (smaller and larger than 10 kDa) in araneophagous Palpimanus sp. Compounds larger than 10 kDa paralyzed both prey types, but smaller compounds (<10 kDa) were effective only on preferred prey, suggesting the presence of prey-specific compounds in the latter fraction. Our results confirm that prey-specialized spiders possess highly specific venom that allows them to subdue dangerous prey.
ER  -

MICHÁLEK, Ondřej; Lucia KUHN-NENTWIG a Stanislav PEKÁR. High Specific Efficiency of Venom of Two Prey-Specialized Spiders. \textit{TOXINS}. BASEL: MDPI, 2019, roč.~11, č.~12, s.~1-12. ISSN~2072-6651. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120687.

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