The 1430s: a cold period of extraordinary internal climate
variability during the early Sporer Minimum with social and
economic impacts in north-western and central Europe

J 2016

The 1430s: a cold period of extraordinary internal climate variability during the early Sporer Minimum with social and economic impacts in north-western and central Europe

CAMENISCH, Chantal; Kathrin M. KELLER; Melanie SALVISBERG; Benjamin AMANN; Martin BAUCH et al.

Základní údaje

Originální název

The 1430s: a cold period of extraordinary internal climate variability during the early Sporer Minimum with social and economic impacts in north-western and central Europe

Autoři

Vydání

Climate of the Past, GOTTINGEN, COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 2016, 1814-9324

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Článek v odborném periodiku

Obor

10500 1.5. Earth and related environmental sciences

Stát vydavatele

Německo

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Odkazy

Full Text

Impakt faktor

Impact factor: 3.543

Označené pro přenos do RIV

Ano

Kód RIV

RIV/00216224:14310/16:00113251

Organizační jednotka

Přírodovědecká fakulta

Klíčová slova anglicky

VARVED LAKE-SEDIMENTS; MAUNDER MINIMUM; SYSTEM MODEL; ICE-AGE; TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; RECONSTRUCTION; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; RECORD; MILLENNIUM

Štítky

rivok

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 13. 3. 2020 15:08, Mgr. Marie Novosadová Šípková, DiS.

Anotace

V originále

Changes in climate affected human societies throughout the last millennium. While European cold periods in the 17th and 18th century have been assessed in detail, earlier cold periods received much less attention due to sparse information available. New evidence from proxy archives, historical documentary sources and climate model simulations permit us to provide an interdisciplinary, systematic assessment of an exceptionally cold period in the 15th century. Our assessment includes the role of internal, unforced climate variability and external forcing in shaping extreme climatic conditions and the impacts on and responses of the medieval society in north-western and central Europe. Climate reconstructions from a multitude of natural and anthropogenic archives indicate that the 1430s were the coldest decade in north-western and central Europe in the 15th century. This decade is characterised by cold winters and average to warm summers resulting in a strong seasonal cycle in temperature. Results from comprehensive climate models indicate consistently that these conditions occurred by chance due to the partly chaotic internal variability within the climate system. External forcing like volcanic eruptions tends to reduce simulated temperature seasonality and cannot explain the reconstructions. The strong seasonal cycle in temperature reduced food production and led to increasing food prices, a subsistence crisis and a famine in parts of Europe. Societies were not prepared to cope with failing markets and interrupted trade routes. In response to the crisis, authorities implemented numerous measures of supply policy and adaptation such as the installation of grain storage capacities to be prepared for future food production shortfalls.

Citovat

CAMENISCH, Chantal; Kathrin M. KELLER; Melanie SALVISBERG; Benjamin AMANN; Martin BAUCH; Sandro BLUMER; Rudolf BRÁZDIL; Stefan BRONNIMANN; Ulf BÜNTGEN; Bruce M. S CAMPBELL; Laura FERNANDEZ-DONADO; Dominik FLEITMANN; Ruediger GLASER; Fidel GONZALEZ-ROUCO; Martin GROSJEAN; Richard C. HOFFMANN; Heli HUHTAMAA; Fortunat JOOS; Andrea KISS; Oldrich KOTYZA; Flavio LEHNER; Juerg LUTERBACHER; Nicolas MAUGHAN; Raphael NEUKOM; Theresa NOVY; Kathleen PRIBYL; Christoph C. RAIBLE; Dirk RIEMANN; Maximilian SCHUH; Philip SLAVIN; Johannes P. WERNER a Oliver WETTER. The 1430s: a cold period of extraordinary internal climate variability during the early Sporer Minimum with social and economic impacts in north-western and central Europe. Climate of the Past. GOTTINGEN: COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 2016, roč. 12, č. 11, s. 2107-2126. ISSN 1814-9324. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2107-2016.

@article{1635576,
   author = {Camenisch, Chantal and Keller, Kathrin M. and Salvisberg, Melanie and Amann, Benjamin and Bauch, Martin and Blumer, Sandro and Brázdil, Rudolf and Bronnimann, Stefan and Büntgen, Ulf and Campbell, Bruce M. S and FernandezandDonado, Laura and Fleitmann, Dominik and Glaser, Ruediger and GonzalezandRouco, Fidel and Grosjean, Martin and Hoffmann, Richard C. and Huhtamaa, Heli and Joos, Fortunat and Kiss, Andrea and Kotyza, Oldrich and Lehner, Flavio and Luterbacher, Juerg and Maughan, Nicolas and Neukom, Raphael and Novy, Theresa and Pribyl, Kathleen and Raible, Christoph C. and Riemann, Dirk and Schuh, Maximilian and Slavin, Philip and Werner, Johannes P. and Wetter, Oliver},
   article_location = {GOTTINGEN},
   article_number = {11},
   doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2107-2016},
   keywords = {VARVED LAKE-SEDIMENTS; MAUNDER MINIMUM; SYSTEM MODEL; ICE-AGE; TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; RECONSTRUCTION; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; RECORD; MILLENNIUM},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {1814-9324},
   journal = {Climate of the Past},
   title = {The 1430s: a cold period of extraordinary internal climate variability during the early Sporer Minimum with social and economic impacts in north-western and central Europe},
   url = {https://www.clim-past.net/12/2107/2016/},
   volume = {12},
   year = {2016}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1635576
AU  - Camenisch, Chantal - Keller, Kathrin M. - Salvisberg, Melanie - Amann, Benjamin - Bauch, Martin - Blumer, Sandro - Brázdil, Rudolf - Bronnimann, Stefan - Büntgen, Ulf - Campbell, Bruce M. S - Fernandez-Donado, Laura - Fleitmann, Dominik - Glaser, Ruediger - Gonzalez-Rouco, Fidel - Grosjean, Martin - Hoffmann, Richard C. - Huhtamaa, Heli - Joos, Fortunat - Kiss, Andrea - Kotyza, Oldrich - Lehner, Flavio - Luterbacher, Juerg - Maughan, Nicolas - Neukom, Raphael - Novy, Theresa - Pribyl, Kathleen - Raible, Christoph C. - Riemann, Dirk - Schuh, Maximilian - Slavin, Philip - Werner, Johannes P. - Wetter, Oliver
PY  - 2016
TI  - The 1430s: a cold period of extraordinary internal climate variability during the early Sporer Minimum with social and economic impacts in north-western and central Europe
JF  - Climate of the Past
VL  - 12
IS  - 11
SP  - 2107-2126
EP  - 2107-2126
PB  - COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
SN  - 18149324
KW  - VARVED LAKE-SEDIMENTS
KW  - MAUNDER MINIMUM
KW  - SYSTEM MODEL
KW  - ICE-AGE
KW  - TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY
KW  - RECONSTRUCTION
KW  - PRECIPITATION
KW  - SIMULATIONS
KW  - RECORD
KW  - MILLENNIUM
UR  - https://www.clim-past.net/12/2107/2016/
L2  - https://www.clim-past.net/12/2107/2016/
N2  - Changes in climate affected human societies throughout the last millennium. While European cold periods in the 17th and 18th century have been assessed in detail, earlier cold periods received much less attention due to sparse information available. New evidence from proxy archives, historical documentary sources and climate model simulations permit us to provide an interdisciplinary, systematic assessment of an exceptionally cold period in the 15th century. Our assessment includes the role of internal, unforced climate variability and external forcing in shaping extreme climatic conditions and the impacts on and responses of the medieval society in north-western and central Europe. Climate reconstructions from a multitude of natural and anthropogenic archives indicate that the 1430s were the coldest decade in north-western and central Europe in the 15th century. This decade is characterised by cold winters and average to warm summers resulting in a strong seasonal cycle in temperature. Results from comprehensive climate models indicate consistently that these conditions occurred by chance due to the partly chaotic internal variability within the climate system. External forcing like volcanic eruptions tends to reduce simulated temperature seasonality and cannot explain the reconstructions. The strong seasonal cycle in temperature reduced food production and led to increasing food prices, a subsistence crisis and a famine in parts of Europe. Societies were not prepared to cope with failing markets and interrupted trade routes. In response to the crisis, authorities implemented numerous measures of supply policy and adaptation such as the installation of grain storage capacities to be prepared for future food production shortfalls.
ER  -

CAMENISCH, Chantal; Kathrin M. KELLER; Melanie SALVISBERG; Benjamin AMANN; Martin BAUCH; Sandro BLUMER; Rudolf BRÁZDIL; Stefan BRONNIMANN; Ulf BÜNTGEN; Bruce M. S CAMPBELL; Laura FERNANDEZ-DONADO; Dominik FLEITMANN; Ruediger GLASER; Fidel GONZALEZ-ROUCO; Martin GROSJEAN; Richard C. HOFFMANN; Heli HUHTAMAA; Fortunat JOOS; Andrea KISS; Oldrich KOTYZA; Flavio LEHNER; Juerg LUTERBACHER; Nicolas MAUGHAN; Raphael NEUKOM; Theresa NOVY; Kathleen PRIBYL; Christoph C. RAIBLE; Dirk RIEMANN; Maximilian SCHUH; Philip SLAVIN; Johannes P. WERNER a Oliver WETTER. The 1430s: a cold period of extraordinary internal climate variability during the early Sporer Minimum with social and economic impacts in north-western and central Europe. \textit{Climate of the Past}. GOTTINGEN: COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 2016, roč.~12, č.~11, s.~2107-2126. ISSN~1814-9324. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2107-2016.

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