Weather and climate and their human impacts and responses
during the Thirty Years' War in central Europe

J 2023

Weather and climate and their human impacts and responses during the Thirty Years' War in central Europe

BRÁZDIL, Rudolf; Petr DOBROVOLNÝ; Christian PFISTER; Katrin KLEEMANN; Kateřina CHROMÁ et al.

Základní údaje

Originální název

Weather and climate and their human impacts and responses during the Thirty Years' War in central Europe

Autoři

BRÁZDIL, Rudolf; Petr DOBROVOLNÝ; Christian PFISTER; Katrin KLEEMANN; Kateřina CHROMÁ; Péter SZABÓ a Piotr OLINSKI

Vydání

Climate of the Past, Copernicus GmbH, 2023, 1814-9324

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Článek v odborném periodiku

Obor

10510 Climatic research

Stát vydavatele

Německo

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Odkazy

URL

Impakt faktor

Impact factor: 3.800

Označené pro přenos do RIV

Ano

Kód RIV

RIV/00216224:14310/23:00131832

Organizační jednotka

Přírodovědecká fakulta

Klíčová slova anglicky

Thirty Years’ War; weather; climate; documentary data; temperature; precipitation and drought patterns; weather extremes; human impacts and responses; Central Europe

Štítky

14315030, rivok

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 1. 3. 2024 07:53, Mgr. Marie Novosadová Šípková, DiS.

Anotace

V originále

The Thirty Years' War, which took place from 1618 to 1648 CE, was an armed military conflict in Europe. It resulted from the culmination of theological differences between advocates of the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches, as well as a power struggle for European political hegemony. This war brought about extensive devastation to Europe. Based on documentary evidence, this paper characterizes the climate, weather extremes, and economic and socio-political events in central Europe during that time. Natural climate forcing indicates a gradual climate deterioration during the first half of the 17th century, associated with a decrease in solar activity towards the Maunder Minimum and increased volcanic activity. The mean temperatures in central Europe from 1618 to 1648 were significantly colder than the reference period of 1961 to 1990 in winter, autumn, and annually, while precipitation and drought means did not differ significantly from the reference period. Summer temperatures, spring precipitation, and drought also exhibited significantly greater variability. As for weather extremes, particularly late winter, late spring and early autumn frosts, floods, intense rain spells, and droughts affected grain, fruit, and vine grape harvests, as well as the yields of other crops. These weather extremes contributed to various human impacts, such as food shortages (reflecting harvests and grain prices), famines, and epidemics. Ultimately, these events, along with the effects of the war, led to a decline in the population. The results obtained are discussed within the broader European context, taking into account climate, weather extremes, and socio-economic impacts.

Citovat

BRÁZDIL, Rudolf; Petr DOBROVOLNÝ; Christian PFISTER; Katrin KLEEMANN; Kateřina CHROMÁ; Péter SZABÓ a Piotr OLINSKI. Weather and climate and their human impacts and responses during the Thirty Years' War in central Europe. Climate of the Past. Copernicus GmbH, 2023, roč. 19, č. 9, s. 1863-1890. ISSN 1814-9324. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1863-2023.

@article{2320217,
   author = {Brázdil, Rudolf and Dobrovolný, Petr and Pfister, Christian and Kleemann, Katrin and Chromá, Kateřina and Szabó, Péter and Olinski, Piotr},
   article_number = {9},
   doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1863-2023},
   keywords = {Thirty Years’ War; weather; climate; documentary data; temperature; precipitation and drought patterns; weather extremes; human impacts and responses; Central Europe},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {1814-9324},
   journal = {Climate of the Past},
   title = {Weather and climate and their human impacts and responses during the Thirty Years' War in central Europe},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1863-2023},
   volume = {19},
   year = {2023}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2320217
AU  - Brázdil, Rudolf - Dobrovolný, Petr - Pfister, Christian - Kleemann, Katrin - Chromá, Kateřina - Szabó, Péter - Olinski, Piotr
PY  - 2023
TI  - Weather and climate and their human impacts and responses during the Thirty Years' War in central Europe
JF  - Climate of the Past
VL  - 19
IS  - 9
SP  - 1863-1890
EP  - 1863-1890
PB  - Copernicus GmbH
SN  - 18149324
KW  - Thirty Years’ War
KW  - weather
KW  - climate
KW  - documentary data
KW  - temperature
KW  - precipitation and drought patterns
KW  - weather extremes
KW  - human impacts and responses
KW  - Central Europe
UR  - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1863-2023
N2  - The Thirty Years' War, which took place from 1618 to 1648 CE, was an armed military conflict in Europe. It resulted from the culmination of theological differences between advocates of the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches, as well as a power struggle for European political hegemony. This war brought about extensive devastation to Europe. Based on documentary evidence, this paper characterizes the climate, weather extremes, and economic and socio-political events in central Europe during that time. Natural climate forcing indicates a gradual climate deterioration during the first half of the 17th century, associated with a decrease in solar activity towards the Maunder Minimum and increased volcanic activity. The mean temperatures in central Europe from 1618 to 1648 were significantly colder than the reference period of 1961 to 1990 in winter, autumn, and annually, while precipitation and drought means did not differ significantly from the reference period. Summer temperatures, spring precipitation, and drought also exhibited significantly greater variability. As for weather extremes, particularly late winter, late spring and early autumn frosts, floods, intense rain spells, and droughts affected grain, fruit, and vine grape harvests, as well as the yields of other crops. These weather extremes contributed to various human impacts, such as food shortages (reflecting harvests and grain prices), famines, and epidemics. Ultimately, these events, along with the effects of the war, led to a decline in the population. The results obtained are discussed within the broader European context, taking into account climate, weather extremes, and socio-economic impacts.
ER  -

BRÁZDIL, Rudolf; Petr DOBROVOLNÝ; Christian PFISTER; Katrin KLEEMANN; Kateřina CHROMÁ; Péter SZABÓ a Piotr OLINSKI. Weather and climate and their human impacts and responses during the Thirty Years' War in central Europe. \textit{Climate of the Past}. Copernicus GmbH, 2023, roč.~19, č.~9, s.~1863-1890. ISSN~1814-9324. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1863-2023.

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