Of Hackers and Privateers: The Possible Evolution of the
Problem of Cyber-Attribution

J 2024

Of Hackers and Privateers: The Possible Evolution of the Problem of Cyber-Attribution

VOSTOUPAL, Jakub a Kateřina UHLÍŘOVÁ

Základní údaje

Originální název

Of Hackers and Privateers: The Possible Evolution of the Problem of Cyber-Attribution

Autoři

VOSTOUPAL, Jakub a Kateřina UHLÍŘOVÁ

Vydání

Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology, 2024, 1802-5943

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Článek v odborném periodiku

Obor

50501 Law

Stát vydavatele

Česká republika

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Odkazy

Open access článku

Označené pro přenos do RIV

Ano

Kód RIV

RIV/00216224:14220/24:00137581

Organizační jednotka

Právnická fakulta

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5817/MUJLT2024-2-2

EID Scopus

2-s2.0-85208804982

Klíčová slova anglicky

Cybersecurity; Cyber-attacks; Cyber-attribution; International Law; Hacker Groups; Non-state Actors; Privateers

Štítky

rivok

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 12. 9. 2025 09:50, Mgr. Petra Georgala

Anotace

V originále

The escalating severity of the cyber-attribution problem (a problem with attributing cyberattacks to states that ordered them) poses a significant challenge to international law and cyberspace security. However, amidst worsening international relations, a viable solution remains elusive. To address this predicament, the authors turn to a historical echo of the contemporary practice of employing hacker groups – namely, privateering. After an in-depth examination of this analogy’s suitability, they focus mainly on the factors that contributed to the decline of privateering. Their goal is to uncover parallels potentially applicable to mitigating modern challenges posed by state-sponsored cyberattacks and the exploitation of cyber-attribution problem. Among the key identified factors, the most crucial were the emergence of professional cyber-capacities (akin to post-Napoleonic emergence of professional navies) and the disruption of hackers’ safe havens. The paper concludes by introducing three prospective scenarios reflecting potential pathways for the future of the cyber-attribution challenges.

Citovat

VOSTOUPAL, Jakub a Kateřina UHLÍŘOVÁ. Of Hackers and Privateers: The Possible Evolution of the Problem of Cyber-Attribution. Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology. 2024, roč. 18, č. 2, s. 169-214. ISSN 1802-5943. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.5817/MUJLT2024-2-2.

@article{2450641,
   author = {Vostoupal, Jakub and Uhlířová, Kateřina},
   article_number = {2},
   doi = {https://doi.org/10.5817/MUJLT2024-2-2},
   keywords = {Cybersecurity; Cyber-attacks; Cyber-attribution; International Law; Hacker Groups; Non-state Actors; Privateers},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {1802-5943},
   journal = {Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology},
   title = {Of Hackers and Privateers: The Possible Evolution of the Problem of Cyber-Attribution},
   url = {https://journals.muni.cz/mujlt/article/view/37676},
   volume = {18},
   year = {2024}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2450641
AU  - Vostoupal, Jakub - Uhlířová, Kateřina
PY  - 2024
TI  - Of Hackers and Privateers: The Possible Evolution of the Problem of Cyber-Attribution
JF  - Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
SP  - 169-214
EP  - 169-214
SN  - 18025943
KW  - Cybersecurity
KW  - Cyber-attacks
KW  - Cyber-attribution
KW  - International Law
KW  - Hacker Groups
KW  - Non-state Actors
KW  - Privateers
UR  - https://journals.muni.cz/mujlt/article/view/37676
N2  - The escalating severity of the cyber-attribution problem (a problem with attributing cyberattacks to states that ordered them) poses a significant challenge to international law and cyberspace security. However, amidst worsening international relations, a viable solution remains elusive. To address this predicament, the authors turn to a historical echo of the contemporary practice of employing hacker groups – namely, privateering. After an in-depth examination of this analogy’s suitability, they focus mainly on the factors that contributed to the decline of privateering. Their goal is to uncover parallels potentially applicable to mitigating modern challenges posed by state-sponsored cyberattacks and the exploitation of cyber-attribution problem. Among the key identified factors, the most crucial were the emergence of professional cyber-capacities (akin to post-Napoleonic emergence of professional navies) and the disruption of hackers’ safe havens. The paper concludes by introducing three prospective scenarios reflecting potential pathways for the future of the cyber-attribution challenges.
ER  -

VOSTOUPAL, Jakub a Kateřina UHLÍŘOVÁ. Of Hackers and Privateers: The Possible Evolution of the Problem of Cyber-Attribution. \textit{Masaryk University Journal of Law and Technology}. 2024, roč.~18, č.~2, s.~169-214. ISSN~1802-5943. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.5817/MUJLT2024-2-2.

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