Forests of the Tertiary relict tree Zelkova carpinifolia in
Colchis (South Caucasus) and their regional vegetation context

J 2024

Forests of the Tertiary relict tree Zelkova carpinifolia in Colchis (South Caucasus) and their regional vegetation context

NOVÁK, Pavel; Martin VEČEŘA; Hamid GHOLIZADEH; Štěpánka PUSTKOVÁ; Daniel SZOKALA et al.

Základní údaje

Originální název

Forests of the Tertiary relict tree Zelkova carpinifolia in Colchis (South Caucasus) and their regional vegetation context

Autoři

NOVÁK, Pavel; Martin VEČEŘA; Hamid GHOLIZADEH; Štěpánka PUSTKOVÁ; Daniel SZOKALA; Davit KHARAZISHVILI; Nino MEMIADZE; Vojtech SEDLACEK a Veronika KALNÍKOVÁ

Vydání

Tuexenia, GOETTINGEN, Floristisch - Soziologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft, 2024, 0722-494X

Další údaje

Jazyk

angličtina

Typ výsledku

Článek v odborném periodiku

Obor

10611 Plant sciences, botany

Stát vydavatele

Německo

Utajení

není předmětem státního či obchodního tajemství

Odkazy

URL

Impakt faktor

Impact factor: 0.600

Označené pro přenos do RIV

Ano

Kód RIV

RIV/00216224:14310/24:00139726

Organizační jednotka

Přírodovědecká fakulta

Klíčová slova anglicky

Caucasus; Colchicrefugium; forest ecology; Georgia; habitat; phytosociology; Ulmaceae; vegetation classification

Štítky

14314020, rivok

Příznaky

Mezinárodní význam, Recenzováno

Změněno: 4. 4. 2025 14:09, Mgr. Marie Novosadová Šípková, DiS.

Anotace

V originále

Zelkova (Ulmaceae) represents a relict woody genus comprising six extant species with a disjunctive distribution in eastern and southwestern Eurasia. Zelkova carpinifolia is a deciduous tree limited to the Caucasian Ecoregion and its surroundings. Most of its sites are located in the two essential Tertiary refugia of the Northern Hemisphere - Colchis (western Georgia, northeastern Turkey) and Hyrcania (northern Iran, southeastern Azerbaijan). In Georgia, Z. carpinifoliastands are recognized as a national priority habitat. However, data on their environmental conditions, structure and species composition were partial, sometimes contradicting and scattered in the literature. Our main goal was to describe Georgian Colchic Z. carpinifolia forests based a novel dataset of vegetation-plot records and to present them in the broader vegetation context using available phytosociological data. To address this issue we led a phytosociological survey of Z. carpinifolia forests in Georgian Colchis and obtained 35 vegetation-plot records supplemented by the original field data on slope inclination, aspect and soil pH. To explore Z. carpinifoliastands within the broader regional vegetation context, we combined our newdataset with relev & eacute;s of similar vegetation types from northern Iran, northern Turkey and western Georgia extracted from databases and literature. We classified the vegetation datasets using classification algorithms (beta-flexible clustering and Modified TWINSPAN) and examined the resulting clusters with detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) in terms of diagnostic species and selected environmental variables. Colchic Z. carpinifolia forests exhibited a relatively uniform species composition and structure, with Carpinus orientalis and Quercus robur subsp. imeretin are presenting the most frequent canopy companions of Z. carpinifolia. The evergreen submediterranean species Ruscus aculeatus often dominated the understory, accompanied by forest generalists, while herbs of dry forests and evergreen species were also frequent. The average vascular plant richness was 24.7species per 100 m2. The investigated forests mainly inhabited soils of slightly acidic to subneutral reaction (average pH6.2). A numerical comparison of Colchic and Hyrcanian Z. carpinifolia forests revealed significant differences: The Hyrcanian ones were much more mesophilous, with Hyrcanian endemics and forest mesophytes being diagnostic species. The underlying causes of this ecological discrepancy remain unclear. In the context of dry deciduous forests of the Euxinian Province, Colchic Z. carpinifolia forests were most similar to the Colchic-Caucasian association Campanulo alliariifoliae-Carpinetum orientalis described from western Georgia. However, Z. carpinifolia stands formed their own sharply delimited cluster, indicating deeper differences than just the canopy dominance. Based on the classification results, we described a new alliance Smilaco excelsae-Carpinion orientalis for the Colchic-Caucasian lowland and mid-mountain dry and xeromesophilous deciduous forests. A mixture of species characteristic of the Caucasus and Colchis is diagnostic for this alliance, including Campanula alliariifolia, Klasea quinquefolia, Polygonatum glaberrimum, Quercus robursubsp. imeretina, Vinca major subsp. hirsuta, Z. carpinifolia. Colchic Z. carpinifolia stands face numerous threats, especially overgrazing by cattle, invasions of alien species and infrastructure development.

Návaznosti

GX19-28491X, projekt VaV

Název: Centrum pro evropské vegetační syntézy (CEVS) (Akronym: CEVS)

Investor: Grantová agentura ČR, Centrum pro evropské vegetační syntézy (CEVS)

Citovat

NOVÁK, Pavel; Martin VEČEŘA; Hamid GHOLIZADEH; Štěpánka PUSTKOVÁ; Daniel SZOKALA; Davit KHARAZISHVILI; Nino MEMIADZE; Vojtech SEDLACEK a Veronika KALNÍKOVÁ. Forests of the Tertiary relict tree Zelkova carpinifolia in Colchis (South Caucasus) and their regional vegetation context. Tuexenia. GOETTINGEN: Floristisch - Soziologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft, 2024, November, č. 44, s. 9-32. ISSN 0722-494X. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.14471/2024.44.007.

@article{2472678,
   author = {Novák, Pavel and Večeřa, Martin and Gholizadeh, Hamid and Pustková, Štěpánka and Szokala, Daniel and Kharazishvili, Davit and Memiadze, Nino and Sedlacek, Vojtech and Kalníková, Veronika},
   article_location = {GOETTINGEN},
   article_number = {44},
   doi = {https://doi.org/10.14471/2024.44.007},
   keywords = {Caucasus; Colchicrefugium; forest ecology; Georgia; habitat; phytosociology; Ulmaceae; vegetation classification},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0722-494X},
   journal = {Tuexenia},
   title = {Forests of the Tertiary relict tree Zelkova carpinifolia in Colchis (South Caucasus) and their regional vegetation context},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.14471/2024.44.007},
   volume = {November},
   year = {2024}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2472678
AU  - Novák, Pavel - Večeřa, Martin - Gholizadeh, Hamid - Pustková, Štěpánka - Szokala, Daniel - Kharazishvili, Davit - Memiadze, Nino - Sedlacek, Vojtech - Kalníková, Veronika
PY  - 2024
TI  - Forests of the Tertiary relict tree Zelkova carpinifolia in Colchis (South Caucasus) and their regional vegetation context
JF  - Tuexenia
VL  - November
IS  - 44
SP  - 9-32
EP  - 9-32
PB  - Floristisch - Soziologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft
SN  - 0722494X
KW  - Caucasus
KW  - Colchicrefugium
KW  - forest ecology
KW  - Georgia
KW  - habitat
KW  - phytosociology
KW  - Ulmaceae
KW  - vegetation classification
UR  - https://doi.org/10.14471/2024.44.007
N2  - Zelkova (Ulmaceae) represents a relict woody genus comprising six extant species with a disjunctive distribution in eastern and southwestern Eurasia. Zelkova carpinifolia is a deciduous tree limited to the Caucasian Ecoregion and its surroundings. Most of its sites are located in the two essential Tertiary refugia of the Northern Hemisphere - Colchis (western Georgia, northeastern Turkey) and Hyrcania (northern Iran, southeastern Azerbaijan). In Georgia, Z. carpinifoliastands are recognized as a national priority habitat. However, data on their environmental conditions, structure and species composition were partial, sometimes contradicting and scattered in the literature. Our main goal was to describe Georgian Colchic Z. carpinifolia forests based a novel dataset of vegetation-plot records and to present them in the broader vegetation context using available phytosociological data. To address this issue we led a phytosociological survey of Z. carpinifolia forests in Georgian Colchis and obtained 35 vegetation-plot records supplemented by the original field data on slope inclination, aspect and soil pH. To explore Z. carpinifoliastands within the broader regional vegetation context, we combined our newdataset with relev & eacute;s of similar vegetation types from northern Iran, northern Turkey and western Georgia extracted from databases and literature. We classified the vegetation datasets using classification algorithms (beta-flexible clustering and Modified TWINSPAN) and examined the resulting clusters with detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) in terms of diagnostic species and selected environmental variables. Colchic Z. carpinifolia forests exhibited a relatively uniform species composition and structure, with Carpinus orientalis and Quercus robur subsp. imeretin are presenting the most frequent canopy companions of Z. carpinifolia. The evergreen submediterranean species Ruscus aculeatus often dominated the understory, accompanied by forest generalists, while herbs of dry forests and evergreen species were also frequent. The average vascular plant richness was 24.7species per 100 m2. The investigated forests mainly inhabited soils of slightly acidic to subneutral reaction (average pH6.2). A numerical comparison of Colchic and Hyrcanian Z. carpinifolia forests revealed significant differences: The Hyrcanian ones were much more mesophilous, with Hyrcanian endemics and forest mesophytes being diagnostic species. The underlying causes of this ecological discrepancy remain unclear. In the context of dry deciduous forests of the Euxinian Province, Colchic Z. carpinifolia forests were most similar to the Colchic-Caucasian association Campanulo alliariifoliae-Carpinetum orientalis described from western Georgia. However, Z. carpinifolia stands formed their own sharply delimited cluster, indicating deeper differences than just the canopy dominance. Based on the classification results, we described a new alliance Smilaco excelsae-Carpinion orientalis for the Colchic-Caucasian lowland and mid-mountain dry and xeromesophilous deciduous forests. A mixture of species characteristic of the Caucasus and Colchis is diagnostic for this alliance, including Campanula alliariifolia, Klasea quinquefolia, Polygonatum glaberrimum, Quercus robursubsp. imeretina, Vinca major subsp. hirsuta, Z. carpinifolia. Colchic Z. carpinifolia stands face numerous threats, especially overgrazing by cattle, invasions of alien species and infrastructure development.
ER  -

NOVÁK, Pavel; Martin VEČEŘA; Hamid GHOLIZADEH; Štěpánka PUSTKOVÁ; Daniel SZOKALA; Davit KHARAZISHVILI; Nino MEMIADZE; Vojtech SEDLACEK a Veronika KALNÍKOVÁ. Forests of the Tertiary relict tree Zelkova carpinifolia in Colchis (South Caucasus) and their regional vegetation context. \textit{Tuexenia}. GOETTINGEN: Floristisch - Soziologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft, 2024, November, č.~44, s.~9-32. ISSN~0722-494X. Dostupné z: https://doi.org/10.14471/2024.44.007.

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